[no audio] as he said, my name is the deanne. Unlike most panelists today, i have never been to space which gives you an idea of the impressiveness next to me, but i did grow up in florida and watch many of you wants to space. It is one reason i chose to pursue engineering. I have gone on to have an also al career and founder and ceo of future engineers and we have current talent with nasa were students rover. T the next mars i now, we have encourage them to go online and submit their names. Speaking of space history, i will to you about our panelists and i will let you know that their placement on stage is not explicit. Right here, we have general tom stafford, so that is a famous after not with an Apollo Program. Whoave dr. Sandy magnus spent four months on the International Space station. Now a boeing commercial astronaut. And weed spacex in 2002 share the title of never having been to space. With all the work going on the commercial side, maybe all of us will have the opportunity to go one day and in the end, we have Major General charlie bolden. He is a former nasa administrator and really oversaw the transition from the Space Shuttle program to a new era of Space Exploration where it is now being turned over to commercial entities and looking forward to new technologies going forward. The way the panel works is we separated into three different segments. We will give speakers time to share about themselves and then we will have a 30 minute q a and then transition to the questions you want to ask our panelists. We are going to start over to my left. General Thomas Stafford received his degree from the u. S. Naval in 1959. Nd graduated he then went on to become an american legend. Piloted gemini six rendezvous in the lunar mission. He had Software Development for project apollo. As commander in 1969, he flew the first rendezvous around the moon. He also commanded a meeting in space between u. S. Astronauts and soviet costs among cosmonauts. Dental stafford has flown four types of race craft and more than 100 types of aircraft. He presided over the development of multiple aircraft and conceived and darted the roadmap for the f22 raptor. At this point, i think you understand what it is my honor and pleasure to introduce him. Thank you. It is a real pleasure to talk yesterday. The facetors, to me is invasion and what the soviets do. And i a real dynamic time tod the qualities i gained talk about it. Really enjoy the history. It was a lot of fun. I looked, we set the tools and we did not know. Later, on the first spacewalk, nearly got killed. That, you train underwater where you go on a spacewalk. Now, they have Virtual Reality so you can just do goggles. Also, we had our engine shutdown. We learned you have to have a mix of a system, not a clean automatic, but with a manual override. Learn the lessons like apollo 13 and that is a lesson you learned back in high school chemistry. Water,ays pour acid into you do not pour water into acid. We learned on apollo 13, you do not mix oxygen with compound that have carbon. We had about five and a half pounds of carbon. Pictures. Robably seen [indiscernible] that was a series of things. Then, i was involved in the. Olumbia accident there is a whole series of things. He could have used the word is a lot ofso there rules that you do not violate and they are all there. The main thing is dont screw up. There a great time to be and started with all these stealth programs. Later, i was commanding general and whatever never started the theres aadmap whole series of things, a great time to be there. Theyre all tools out there and you do not violate them. Our next panelists, we have a captain. He was the pilot of the very back Space Shuttle flight in 1981. During his 30 years in the u. S. Navy, he served as a test pilot. In 1969, he was selected as a and on the apollo test project. He became director of the Space Shuttle program and and director of Kennedy Space in her. He entered the private sector at Lockheed Martin and served as president of a propulsion company. He earned his bachelors from the university of texas austin and National Academy of engineering in 2012. Thank you and good morning. To get thisleased panel open with friends of mine. They took us over to russia and the star city. Even out to their launch site which i think we were the first pleasureand i had the of talking the rest of his crew way,e so we go back a long but it is also a pleasure to be up here with the last shuttle flight, one of my fondest memories. Commander and my represented the Space Shuttle program. I joined nasa right after apollo. 1 50 years ago there was a highly classified it was finally declassified. ,hen the program was canceled they took crew members offset and we did not do any training or grandmother a process. We just walked through the door and they put us to work. First assignment was to go to make sure the crew interfaces were acceptable and i worked throughout the program and its flights which started off kind of dramatic, but ended up a great program. The development of the Space Shuttle had just been announced. Training, buttly most of my career was spent in doing engineering and following the development of the spacecraft. I would imagine that the current Astronaut Office is doing the same thing with the vehicles being developed today. Theres a lot of Engineering Work that the astronauts are assigned to do. Our experienced astronaut at his time selected me to be crewmate. Find that mission, it is one of the house of my life. We are engineering test flights to make sure the Space Shuttle would do what we decided to do. Back, i am very proud of the Space Shuttle program. Yes, we had to terrible accident and i lost some very close when you look at some of the 30 years it was flying, early on in the program, we did some Important Department of Defense Missions that i think contributed significantly to us winning the cold war. , itshow omitted possible looks like the hubble space telescope. This revolutionized our knowledge of the universe. It also made possible the building of the International Space system station. That is an engineering marvel that is still up there doing its job. In summary, the Space Shuttle program is something we will look back on finally. Wewill be a long time before see a vehicle that is anywhere near capable of that. I was sorely disappointed in 2011 when the program was terminated. I was primarily disappointed because we did not have the capability to put our chris in space. We would be dependent on russia to do that. We have been for the past eight years. I am anxious to hear how the capsules ared going to correct the problem very soon. Thank you. [applause] haver our next figure we dr. Sandy magnus. Dr. Sandy back this has flown on for shuttle missions. She flew to the International Space station in november of 2008. She spent 4. 5 months aboard. She served at nasa headquarters and as the deputy chief of the Astronaut Office. Dr. Magnus worked extensively with the International Community , including europe, japan, brazil and russia. She is now the Deputy Director for engineering. Nasa, sheorking at masters has a masters in Electrical Engineering and physics. She has a phd from georgia tech. Help me in welcoming dr. Sandy magnus. [applause] magnus i want to take a moment to talk about this space station. Differencebig between intellectual knowledge and experimental knows, learning and going into a lab and touching something. That is when you really , when you have the experience with the knowledge. We need to experience that environment and experience the planet a different way. When you fly on a space station, it is really interesting. You adapt into the environment at a completely different level than when you are just up there as a tourist for 10, 11 or 12 days. The crew came to pick me up in march. They looked so awkward and so unsure up there. Just very gingerly moving their bodies as they moved through the spacecraft try not to touch things. I said let me take you back. Let me take you back to the service module. I was going to bounce off that handrail, that handrail and straight to the pa. I knew how it was going to translate through. They caught up with me and said you move really fast. I did not realize it. That is what i knew i adapted to a whole new level. It is interesting because when you experience that, you realize it was normal for me to get up every morning and float through my day and talk to people around the world in Different Countries about all of the amazing science and things we were doing. It was normal to have the earth at the window to the extent that after maybe a month or so, i almost took it for granted. I took for granted looking out the window. There was an earth cloning by below me and the beauty of it and how amazing that really was. We have this ability to adapt. I think it is really important. When youre up there and you are experiencing it, it changes your perspective. Let me share one of the greatest perspective changes that i had. That was the perspective about gravity. Have that ship, everyone in this room understands gravity intellectually because we are all scientists and engineers. You know the equations and we can discredit and quantify it. That is not the same thing as understanding it instinctively and internally. The fact that when you hold your arms out like this, think of all of the little diagrams done in physics. There is a vector acting on your arm that you are using the to do. Of your muscles it is weird to experience that. It makes you look at the world in a whole different way. This is the power of sending humans into space. We start thinking about questions we should be asking that we dont think about asking because we take for granted the environment they are already living in. It opens up our minds to new ways of looking at the university. It makes us think just a little bit differently, it is just that little shift in perspective. That is what is so powerful about sending people to space. That is what is so powerful lot having people in space for a long time. And also during the experiments that we do up there. Maybe not all of those are cutting edge but i guarantee, as we continue to put people up there with different skill sets, as we continued with different kinds of experiments up there, we will learn more from the questions that we learn to ask then the answer is that we are getting from those experiments. We are just at the beginning of wandering out of the norms we have established here on the planet. Ways ofour minds to new thinking and new questions to ask. That is what the power is of sending people out in the Space Program. I am really excited about where we are now. We are at the point where we can get more people into space to have these perception shifts based on their experiences. I will stop there and i look forward to your questions. [applause]. On to our next speaker. We have Chris Ferguson. Captain Chris Ferguson is the first commercial test pilot astronaut. He will be among the first to go. O space he has met the developed of the Spacecraft Mission system and crew interfaces, working handinhand with nasa. He was also a leader in the. Evelopment of the testing he is a retired u. S. Navy captain. He has piloted Space Shuttle atlantis, commanded Space Shuttle endeavor and commended the final desk commanded the final shuttle mission. He is a spacecraft communicator for many Space Shuttle missions. He has a masters in aeronautical engineering from the naval postgraduate school. It is my honor to introduce cap and ferguson. Captain ferguson. Captain ferguson i always listed love listening to sandy magnuss stories. She always makes sound so compelling. Maybe i would like to talk a little bit about the future. It was mentioned that the Shuttle Program ended in 2011 without an immediate replacement to get us back into the lower orbit. We have been working diligently over the course of the last eight years, 2014 specifically was when the big contract was led to return americans to lower orbit. It werent a little bit of an explanation about what is a commercial spacecraft. What is happening here is nasa will begin purchasing services. They will begin purchasing services to take astronaut from the service of the earth up to the International Space station and return them safely after six months. The benefit of this is it allows nasa to focus on Space Missions beyond lower orbit. It comes at a great value to the tax player. Taxpayer. We are on the cusp of returning americans to space. This came out in the news late this year, early next year after an absence of about eight years. Im very excited to show you this. This next chart will look a little bit like the nfls red zone if you familiar with it but it was my way of avoiding the twoterm limit. This one first, just appropriate description of what our vehicle looks like. You can see the spacecraft. That is the vehicle that will take astronaut upanddown. It has a very apollo like appearance. Itll carry up to five astronauts up to the station. It will stay there for six months and return safely and remain on board as a lifeboat if we ever needed. The Service Model will be jettisoned and the crew module will be recovered at one of our five west coast landing sites. It will be a land landing. We are going to lunch on and i was five rocket. It is a very proven technology. About 80 flights to their credit. We are looking forward to all of the modifications of all them, they were made out to Launch Complex 41. That was previously in unscrewed launch facility. Vehicles, what we call ofd and cft wants vehicles are sitting there and waiting for them to show up. Theyll happen very shortly. I mentioned the nfl sunday ticket. If you have the red zone, you have an opportunity left and right, top to bottom, we are in the process of training the very first crew. I will witness it. We will get all of our flight support for Mission Operation from a team in houston comprised of a lot of the Mission Controllers that actually service to the very tail end of the Space Shuttle program. We will leverage a lot of the capability that nasa had the safely operating the Space Shuttle for 30 years. We will launch aboard an atlas five rocket. We will land at one of our five west coast landing spots. The space is to adopt station in 24 hours. We can complete all of our test objectives. For up tomain there six months. Ago that the Lending Facility is cleared, we will undock and in a short. Timeframe, wert will land in the western United States. We will recover. Lending area will be white sands Test Facility. We have another in a town called will cox, arizona. That is not too far from the mixing board of. The proving ground up in utah and then the Edwards Air Force base in california. A big moment for us. It is what we call a paddleboard test. This will be conducted at the white says Test Facility. This vehicle will rollout their in the very near future. The preparations that we will have in november. To us, that is a very big steppingstone living up to our test flight. We will fly in unscrewed orbital test like that will adopt the International Space station prior to putting it crew on board in the near future. Littlethat is just a summary. I look forward to your questions but this is what the future of spaceflight holds. Thank you. Now for our next speaker. This is the Vice President of the build and play lighting at spacex where he leads the companies polity and engine or process development team, he oversees the launch readiness process during the launch and assesses launch risks. He developed spacex is much ready space xs was preparedness. He was the launch engineer for the last three talking nine missions. His he has a phd in Aerospace Engineering from the university of bremen. We are honored to introduce them. Him. Thank you. It is an honor to be on this panel. I realize my flight time was less than your spacetime. I have to work against that with more slides. I will show you a quick video of the dragon Spacecraft Mission. It was completely autonomous. Was for preparation for the Mission Later this year. I will stop here. This is lt 39. This is where all of the shuttles and apollo launches from. This is two different rooms. Mission control and hawthorne here. Inside of crew dragon, you see little earth and ripley. From thehe view aircraft. There is the second stage. The first stage returns and lands there. Theyre getting closer to the space station. Little earth is a Gravity Center for us. This is the actual thing. This is one of my favorite phases. Little earth stayed up there. The nose will close for reentry.