Their spirit continues today as america leads humanity into a new chapter of Space Exploration and scientific discovery. By combining the efforts of the u. S. Government with the leaders in private industry, we will reach new heights that until recently we could have only dreamt of. As chair of the National Space council, the Vice President is leading policy development to sustain u. S. Leadership in space and open doors to u. S. Private sector growth. The four president ial policy directives are sparking efforts to put americans back on the moon, unleash commercial use of of space, strengthen u. S. Space awareness, space Traffic Management, and stand up u. S. Space force within the department of defense. This administration is streamlining to better leverage u. S. Commercial space industry. And it is partnering with the commercial sector to ensure that American Companies remain World Leaders in space technology. Of particular note is artemis. Achieving the horizon goal of sending humans to mars. Nasas progress on the moon to mars mission is both breathtaking and inspiring. The Space Council and nasa are working nonstop to develop the technology that will return humans to the moon by 2024, establish a sustainable lunar presence, then continue the journey to mars and beyond. In addition to nasa, all components of the u. S. Government are contributing to this achievement, with agencies such as the department of energy and department of commerce driving cuttingedge research and development of space power and space commercialization. Through the artemis mission, the United States, along with its International Land commercial partners, will accomplish a historic achievement for all of humanity. Here to tell us more about the mission is the deputy administrator of nasa. Please join me in welcoming him. [applause] good afternoon. I am excited to be here. Cant see one of you, though. Neither am i. I want to start out with a story about myself. It was i was six years old, and i might walk right off the stage. I was six years old, i had a brother, and i found myself in [no audio] and i remember getting outside of my parents ford station wagon. It was so old it had a hinge on the back window. I remember my brother taking my hand and walking me up to this rambler. We knocked on the door, and this man answered the door and was like, what is going on . I remember looking back at my parents in the car. He let us pet the cat [laughter] [no audio] my brother got his autograph. That was the first time that i met john glenn. And like glenns first orbit, if we are not exploring, we are not finding new science and technologies. If that is not the case, then we are not leading. We have entered a transformational era in space. Our ancestors witnessed the industrial revolution. Many of you in this room have witnessed the digital and internet revolutions. Today we are in the space revolution. Per president trumps space policy directive one, the nasa administrator has set five goals. Im not doing this right so far. The first is the transition to commercial and International Operations in low earth orbit. That will support nasa and the needs of an emerging commercial economy. The second is to put in place capabilities that facilitate Lunar Service operations and Missions Beyond the moon. The third is to foster scientific discovery and pinpoint the resources through a series of robotic missions. We want to have astronauts go forward to the surface of the moon for a sustained presence and demonstrate on the moon the capabilities required for Human Missions to mars, and beyond. The strategy now exists. It starts with the artemis program. Artemis was apollos twin sister. She was also the goddess of the moon. The last time we left the moon, we left flags and footprints. This time we are going to prepare to explore other worlds. We intend to enable discovery, enable economic growth, and continue our American Global leadership. The primary goal of artemis is a mars concept of operations. Why mars . Within the last 16 months, with the help of curiosity which you see right there we found complex organic compounds on mars. These are the Building Blocks of life. I am not saying there is life on mars, all right . We do know there is 12 kilometers underneath the surface, we know there is water. We have observed methane cycles. They could be from, they could be geological but they could also be biological. Curiosity is what we call a precursor mission. If you think of apollo, there were 23 precursor missions before we landed on the moon. The results we are getting on mars today are determining the areas of both the greatest potential for life and also for planetary resources. I will get into why in a few minutes. Another mission we had was opportunity. It ended last year. It was supposed to be a 90 day mission. It lasted 15 years. We are working on a new mission called mars 2020. This mission is going to have its own helicopter deployed from the rover. When you think about the amount of distance a broker can do in a martian day, this helicopter will be able to cover that same distance three times it will be able to do three times as much as a rover well, as far as distance goes. No other country has successfully landed on mars. We have done it nine times. I have to admit there are some expensive craters on mars. It took a while for us to figure it out. This is not easy. What i want to get around at is, our primary objective is an end to end demonstration of systems, technologies, operations, and Human Performance to get humans to mars and beyond. A major part of this will be to identify Natural Resources the moon. This is a picture of what we call the volatiles investigating polar exploration rover, which is a mouthful. We call it viper. Volatiles are substances that evaporate. We are really having viper provide surface level detail on where and how, where and how much water ice there is on the moon. It is really about finding the best spot to harvest water ice, and it is really for life support. You are thinking about oxygen, water, hydrogen for propellant, we hope to find that on the moon and be able to use it, but we also want to prove it out on the moon, because we expect we will be able to find it on mars. We are looking for Breakthrough Technologies to be able to do this. To give you an example of what we are trying to do on the space station regarding Breakthrough Technologies, we are trying to massproduce retinal implants in in microgravity is that it is a lot easier to do. We are trying to create human tissue and organs with three printing. If we succeed in those areas, they can result in greater economic opportunities. We need to explore the utility and economics of using each owner resource for deep Space Exploration. The reserves on the moon must be compared to those on earth. Which are what we call under the tyranny of the rocket equation. The rocket equation limits rocket payloads. As a payload weight increases, so does the amount of propellant that is needed. It is the same on the moon. If we can my water ice and possibly platinum metals, it is possible with Artificial Intelligence and three printing that we could manufacture hardware on the moon and launch from there, where the gravity well is 1 6 that of earth. It is possible we can launch more payload or use less propellant, or both on the moon. If we can prove it is economically viable, you can do it again and again. What im saying is, you need to safely land humans on the moon, land hardware there, establish a presence, and then keep going. It could be the moon will be the jumping off point to much more than mars. This is one reason by what a presence on the moon is desired. Or we can use different planets for different resources. It could be similar to coal mining in the west virginia, or harvesting timber in the pacific northwest, and finding oil in texas. We have a program called the commercial Lunar Payload Services program. We are trying to use that as much as possible. It is a new way of exploring with private enterprise. The Program Allows providers to compete on cost and innovation. The cost of deep space access will go down. Let me be clear the moon is our proving ground. Mars is our destination. We have got to learn to work and stay for long periods of time at both places. And we have to replicate these efforts on other planets. So our systems architecture will continue to be adjusted as we learn or science. It is not by accident that so many countries want to land on the moon. When i say that i am talking about the peoples republic of china, india, and israel, to name a few. The space economy right now is at about 400 billion. Goldman sachs has said we could have a 1 trillion space economy in the next two decades. Let me say it again this is a transformational era. This is the space launch system rocket. This will send our orion spacecraft, with as many as four astronauts, what we call the gateway in orbit that will be in orbit at the moon. The core stage, which is the yellow part, is already built. As you can see, we have attached the four engines. The solid rocket boosters that will be alongside of the core stage are already ready. This is the largest rocket that has ever been built. I love this picture. This is what we call the superguppie. Orion is inside of it. We just transferred this space capsule to ohio last week for thermal vacuum and electromagnetic testing. Due to its size and weight, it is difficult to transport it so we had to use this special aircraft. Here is another picture of it. This is the orion capsule. The Service Module is below it. If you are around for apollo, you know what that is. That was built by the European Space agency. That is what will go to the gateway. The gateway is a maneuverable command module providing power, communications, docking, avionics, and life support. The gateway will be the transfer point for our astronauts to go to a human landing system, which will descend to the moons surface. Let me show you a quick video that is going to put this all together for you on what we are talking about. 50 years ago we pioneered. The trail we blazed. Showed us all that was possible. Today our calling to explore is even greater. To go farther we must be able to sustain missions of greater distance and duration. You must use the resources we find at our destinations. We must overcome radiation, isolation, cavity, and extreme environments like never before. These are the challenges we face to push the boundaries of humanity. We are going to the moon to stay by 2024, and this is how. Starts with the ability to get larger, heavier payloads off planets. We designed an entirely new rocket. Sls will be the most powerful rocket ever developed. This system is capable of being the catalyst for deep Space Missions. We need a capsule that can support humans from large through space and return safely back to earth. For this, we built orion. Using data from orbiters that continue to reveal the moons resources, we are developing a new approach to landing and operating on the moon. Using our commercial partners to deliver instruments and robotics to the surface, we are paving the way for Human Missions. Our charges to go quickly and stay. To press our efforts forward with a fervor that will see us return to the moon in a manner that is wholly different than 50 years ago. We want lunar lenders that are reusable. The simplest way to do so are to give them a platform around the moon from which to transition. An orbiting platform to host experiments and be a waypoint. We call this outpost gateway. It will balance between the earth and moons gravity. In 2009 learned the moon contains millions of tons of water ice. The moon is uniquely suited to prepare us and propel us to mars and beyond. This is what we are building. This we can replicate throughout the solar system. This is the next chapter of human Space Exploration. Bikes humans are the we go to the moon and onto mars to see knowledge and understanding and to share it to all. We go knowing our efforts will create opportunities. We are destined to explore and see with our own eyes. We turn towards the moon not as a conclusion but as preparation. As a checkpoint toward all that lies beyond. Our greatest adventures remain ahead of us. We are going. We are going. We are going. We are going. We are going. To say the least, it is exciting at nasa right now. With the president and the Vice President s leadership, we are going to land the first one on the moon first woman on the moon. Homer called artemis the torch bringer and these words remain true today. William shatner just said, the most fragile element is the human system. He said that, we are still dealing with issues like radiation. Working he has been tremendous rem job. Like towhat it was sleep in space. He said, jimmy, we want to have that pillow and blanket tucked up next to like we all do. He said you are floating. He said, i found some water satchels and i tried to wedge myself in between a bulkhead and a water satchel just to feel that pressure. He said, what i also wanted to get a protection of the water from radiation. It is a constant concern for astronauts. It is not just radiation. We have lead flow issues within the human body that we are addressing. We have got bone and muscle loss issues. We have got to make sure, if you have watched the movie the martian, having Sustainable Food available to you, is a serious challenge. You have a crop failure and you dont have food, youre going to starve to death. There is also the psychosocial challenges of living in a confined space. What im trying to say is, we have still got a few things to figure out. We are in the early steps of a journey that leads american astronauts into deep space. At the same time we are leading the scientific and engineering communities to new discoveries. Today, science goes handinhand with human exploration. And we have got new leadership in the human Leadership Mission directorate. We are going to be working much closer together with the Science Mission directorate. We go to the moon not as a destination, but as shatner said, as preparation. At the same time, we are launching new missions to study our solar system. This is the james webb telescope. Which is trying to peer beyond our solar system. I have had the honor to work with Jim Bridenstine. To try to lead this agency for over a year now. I continue to see the talents and the disciplines that represent americas capabilities. They are in this room today. Space exploration is no longer exclusive. This is a picture of the first allfemale spacewalk. There were an estimated 5. 8 billion Media Connections around this event. In apollo the astronauts were mostly test pilots. Today we have got a diverse astronaut corps. Christina cook is an electrical engineer. The other is jessica meir. She has got a doctorate in marine biology. If you have the time, look up jessica on youtube. Youre going to see her doing research under the ice in antarctica. As well as doing research on geese that fly at high altitudes and how they can perform at such high levels without oxygen. What im trying to say is, we want inclusion. And we wanted at the industry and International Level too. Who leads the space revolution is critical to who dominates the world in the future. As beacons of light, like artemis, weve got to Work Together so that all three nations can follow that light and share in the benefits that will follow. Space compels us as a society to bring the United States and the world together. We join with other countries of the free world to go to the moon. This time it is a proving ground to prepare to go to mars and beyond. Not because we do what no one else can, not because we want to advantage ourselves over other countries. We do it to better the human condition of all people. We do it to build a better life for our children and our grandchildren. Not just for americans. For all people on this earth. We do it because exploration is a fundamental trait of our species. It is our shared destiny. This is why we go. It is a challenge we have again accepted. That we will accomplish. We go together, and i hope you will come with us. Thank you very much. [applause] and now caroline harris, Vice President economic developer of the u. S. Chamber of commerce. Good afternoon. As weve heard throughout the day the anticipated growth of the u. S. Space sector is unquestionably tied to the evolving Regulatory Regime which will either propel or inhibit investment and innovation. Fortunately, the department of how mars understands these intricate market forces. From the highest level the departments leading the way to implement key initiatives including approving commercial access to space Traffic Management and ensuring the safety of operations in lowearth orbit. As the Commerce Department explores new ways over the coming year to spur growth, the chamber is a good to continue our partnership with them. We are truly grateful for director of commerce leadership and his present you today. I give you director of the office of space commerce for the u. S. Department of commerce, kevin oconnell. [applause] thank you, caroline, very much for that very nice welcome. And a short welcome, which is always important. Also thanks to the chamber for making this space summit an annual event that im delighted to be with you today and as i begin let me pass on warmest greetings from my boss, secretary wilbur ross who was