My honorable friend is right about the need to support local business particularly in the hospitality sector. In addition to the 3000 pound grant, another grant of 2100 pounds among businesses in the hospitality and accommodation sector on top of the support we have given by for low and Business Rates and in dat which support the hospitality sector. Im aware how difficult it is in hotels that face a tough time, we would to our level best to support and give 1. 1 billion to local countries to help them support businesses facing difficulties. But one thing to the house as we come out of the lockdown, the way forward is not just through the vaccine that we hope we will start rolling out in the course of the next few weeks and months but it is the prospect of Mass Communication and i pay tribute to the people of liverpool who really stepped up, hundreds of thousands in liverpool have been tested and that seems to have helped to drive the virus down in liverpool and we want to see that type of collective action stepping up to squeeze the disease happening across the country and that is the real way forward that will enable the hospitality of accommodation to come out of these restrictive measures quicker, we have two scientific study. Into the question, prime minister. Im very pleased the house of commons has been able to make improvements but we would like a kickback this afternoon, prime minister. The honorable members cspan2 has top nonfiction books and authors every weekend. Saturday at 9 00 p. M. Eastern, former president barack obama reflects on his life and political career in his newly released memoir, a promised land. On afterwards, sally , seven waysher book big corporations ruin your life, and how to take back control. She is interviewed by Bloomberg News reporter david mclaughlin. And george mason law professor Douglas Ginsberg and his book, voices of our republic, examines the constitution through the eyes of judges, legal scholars, and historians. Cspan2 this we can, and be sure to watch indepth, sunday, december 6. Ith our guest American History tv on cspan3, exploring the people and events that tell the american story every weekend. Coming up this weekend, saturday at 7 00 p. M. Eastern, an interview on leadership with james baker, who served as secretary of state under george h tubby bush, and as Ronald Reagans white house chief of staff and treasury secretary. Then at 8 00 p. M. 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Next, a forum on Science Innovation with medical professionals, professors and policy experts. They look at Climate Change, covid19 Vaccine Development and science policy priorities for the Biden Administration. Kira thank you everyone for coming. We are going to get started. Thank you for coming to this summit, the future of science in america summit. Now that election day is behind us, we are eager to discuss the highstakes ahead for science and policy as we conclude a devastating year and as we approach 2021. Next slide, please. I am the editor in chief of leapsmag. Its an awardwinning magazine about science and the future of humanity. Our ambition is to critically impact how the public views scientific innovation. We are published by good and up worthy and were grateful for Program Support from leaps by bear. We are thrilled to partner with the Aspen InstituteScience Society program for this event. Aaron i am aaron mertz. I am the founding director of the Aspen InstituteScience Society program. Part of the institutes Broader Society program. Science society was established in 2019 with a mission to elevate public trust in science and to help foster a more diverse and engaged scientific workforce. Wed like to acknowledge the generous foundations which have made this event possible. The gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the rita allen foundation. We would also like to thank the general supporters of the Aspen InstituteScience Society program and leapsmag. Kira this event accompanies a magazine that aspen and leapsmag and good co. Published last month titled the future of science in america, the election issue. The magazine aspires to promote roadmaps for science as a tool for health, as a vehicle for progress, and as a unifier of our nation. We were thrilled that it was recently positively reviewed in the washington post. You can read it for free on leapsmag and Aspen Institutes websites. Here are a number of the articles that you can view online if you check out the magazine. Aaron next slide. We are thrilled to have a stellar lineup of experts to discuss the future of science in this country. The format is rotating conversations in which two experts will speak for approximately eight minutes before we move to the next pair. At the end of the five conversations, we will bring the speakers back for a q a. You can submit your question using the q a feature. We will conclude the summit at 1 10 p. M. Eastern time. We will have the chat feature open for all attendees if people wish to react to the discussion or share information. To give more time to the speakers, we will not be reading their biographies. We will refer you to the registration page that links to their titles. Kira we will time each conversations for eight minutes and give notice when there is 30 seconds remaining in each conversation. Aaron our first pair is dr. Michelle mcmurray and dr. Franz cordova. We will bring those two into the spotlight. Kira dr. Mcmurray, you are welcome to kick us off with the first question. Dr. Mcmurray so, i am interested, francis, in how you are seeing this impacting scientific funding. We have seen new models for scientific funding in 2019 and 2020. What does this portend for the future . Dr. Cordova dealing with the covid situation, impacting science funding, michelle . Dr. Mcmurray exactly. Dr. Cordova several agencies are busy. They are receiving proposals and reviewing them, and they are doing an admirable job. Theyre doing it mostly at home. I know the National Science foundation, with which i am most familiar, are almost totally doing the reviews and rewards remotely. They are giving out a tremendous number of awards. More than a year ago, perhaps because there was more time to focus. I think that it is working out very well for that particular agency. Also, i have been much more involved in the philanthropic world. Since finishing my term at the National Science foundation. The foundations are stepping up. I know the science philanthropy alliance, for which i am a senior advisor, is doing a lot to encourage the funding of basic research. It has over 30 foundations as part of it. The tech foundations are stepping up, realizing the tremendous importance of the continuity of science funding. Dr. Mcmurray there have been so many allegations of political interference in science funding and the covidrelated projects and agendas through this last year. Can public trust in science agencies further the progress of science to the benefit of the public . Dr. Cordova that is an important question, michelle. Science is about a search for truth. It is essential that the public trust the science agencies which have been authorized and funded, and have oversight from congress. Representatives of the people. It relies on the trust of its citizens. Youre right, there have been allegations of political interference in the agenda or projects supported by some federal agencies. This morning, i was reading a missive by the ceo of sigma phi about how think should be should betections established i know the union of concerned science echoes that, and many media outlets, including those of the Scientific Societies have recorded various instances. I think that the fact so many are concerned about these allegations and that congress is clearly concerned is a healthy sign that the public wants to ensure trust in the science agencies. We want to hold them accountable, want them to be transparent and forthcoming about what they know. That is a good thing for our democracy. Many of the agencies have integrity policies in place. In my term of six years, we did not suffer from political interference. We were able to maintain our mission to further the progress of science. As an executive branch, agencies are sensitive to the priorities of different administrations. In 2010, our white house memorandum laid out the basic principles for the development and implementation of scientific integrity policies of all the agencies. Many of them had published, a few years later, their scientific integrity policies that were consistent with the intent of that memo. Unfortunately, a Government Accountability office study found that there was an uneven application, oversight of the policy. They found that a number of the departments had failed to monitor the compliance with the requirements of the policy. We have a ways to go. Congress is actively proposing requirements for scientific integrity among the agencies. For example, a bear in march of 2019 that would require scientific Training Programs and so on. It had almost 200 supporters in congress. I think this issue you bring up will come to the fore with the new administration. It is an important one. Dr. Mcmurry part of what we are seeing in terms of competence around a potential Covid Vaccine and responding to covids public discomfort with how science can understand something one day or seem to be going in one direction and then face a setback. How do you think we can better educate the public on the scientific process . Dr. Cordova i think covid really brings that question to the fore. Really opens it up. People perhaps who did not think deeply about the scientific process and were confused about why werent there absolutes that we have a cure for this or we said we were going in this direction, why did it take us such a long time, why didnt we get there . The whole progress with covid of understanding treatments, understanding how to do the Data Analysis and contact and the allimportant vaccines. Theyre understanding that it takes a careful, long time for science to address our really important, big milestones, big goals. We had a number of samples at the National Science foundation that science magazines and newspapers all over the world. The imaging of the black hole and so on, that we were careful to report. These took decades to come to fruition, and teamwork, global teamwork. So, i think that there is more of an effort on the part of scientists and engineers and the science agencies, and everyone in media publications, to really reinforce how long it takes and the different steps. Kira about 30 seconds remaining in this conversation. Dr. Mcmurry we are in the midst of a president ial transition season. I participated in the Obama Transition Team many years ago. What would be your advice to the Transition Team coming in to look at ssf right now . Dr. Cordova i think the agency is remarkable in its goals and its progress and its team that has people exceptionally committed to the mission of the agency. My advice is do no harm. Its such a beautiful agency. We want to always encourage more young people to get involved in science. I think that the nsf is an invitation to young people to find out what it is like to submit a great proposal, to help review them and to be a part of the entire spectrum of science and engineering. Aaron we will bring dr. Mcmurry back at the end. We are happy to have the head of the Global Health office of science and Technology Innovation at Johnson Johnson. Dr. Cordova Johnson Johnson. I hear you are busy working on a vaccine. Can you tell us a little bit about it and some of the questions people have about the equitable delivery of the vaccine . Where is Johnson Johnson and what are some of the challenges youre considering on the road to making sure the u. S. And the whole world has access to it . Thank you. Im pleased to talk about it. It has been 24 7 since the beginning of this year, when sequence for the coronavirus became available in january. Weve been working fast and furious. Ours is a vaccine that uses the platform. This is the same platform that reviews many of the other vaccines, including the one we developed for zika but we never launched it. Zika kind of disappeared. The same vaccine is being used in the hiv arena. Its in phase 3 trials across the world, and the ebola vaccine was approved by the European Union last year. We have a huge vaccine expertise. We jumped on it immediately. Where we are today is in phase 3. The studies are ongoing across the world. Trials are ongoing in the United States, in latin america, in south africa and in many countries in europe. It is a singledose vaccine. Fingers crossed, we are hoping to see the results soon. Our goal is to have the first batches of the vaccine available for emergency authorization in early january 2021. We hope to make a billion vaccines per year. Our commitment is to make it available for a notforprofit price across the world. In addition to working with governments, in terms of equitable access and reliable distribution of the vaccine, we are also working with many other actors. We recently made a commitment to annotate a portion of our vaccine lot, as early as next year, to the lower and lowermiddle Income Countries and lower Income Countries. This is a commitment we made at the assembly where g7 was making a commitment to equitable access across the world. We are really looking forward to the results and hoping to make a big difference for the world. Dr. Cordova that is wonderful. I am sure everybody is delighted to hear that. Youre the head of global of innovation at Johnson Johnson. In africa, youre trying to encourage some people through something called the next einstain forum, for science and engineers. I personally think the future of science in america depends on the future of science in the whole world and how we interact and engage with science. Can you tell us about your efforts, globally, in encouraging young people to become the next einstein . The next madame curie. Ms. Kumar i think as you may know, Johnson Johnson is a global company. It is a Global Network of people and products. If we think about the Johnson Johnson pipeline today, i know everybodys mind is on covid, but we have multiple things for medical solutions and medical devices and consumer healthcare. As we think about that and we think about the pipeline, we want to be sure about the pipeline. Similarly, the diversity of ideas from across the world sparks innovation. I think we all believe and know that science is not an individual activity. It is a team sport. It is also an internnational and collaborative enterprise. A great idea can come from anywhere or anyone. We have to be prepared to pounce on those ideas. In those ideas are the solutions to make the world a better place. Dr. Cordova that is just great. Where do you see innovation being required in what you do . Where do you find others to encourage innovation here and abroad . Where do you think we have the biggest need for most innovation . Ms. Kumar i think it is across the globe in terms of disease states. I think on the one hand, we are focused on Public Health solutions and infectious diseases. There continues to be a huge need. But the noncommunicable diseases are of great importance, of course. Cancer, heart disease, alzheimers. As of last year, before covid, we all thought that was the next ticking time bomb. It probably still is. As we continue to age and have an aging population across the globe, that is another area. As i think across the whole landscape, we have come a long way in health care, but there are still major challenges to be solved. Disease dont recognize national boundaries. They are human specific. All cardiovascular disease, cancer still remains a huge issue. In that arena, we are excited about gene therapies. Ultimately, where wed all land is in a place where we want more innovation, is the personalized medicine future