Proceedings in impeachment trial of ken paxton. In our cspan now app, you can see the impeachment managers and attorney generals defens team. An hour for rebuttal and an hour for closing remarks. It is possible the trial could take a couple of weeks. Now to a summit on cybersecurity, including the head of the u. S. Cyber command. Youre watching cspan. Heres the part i dont think is often talked about. Think about how the nation has responded since 2018. New authorities, National Cyber director. Fantastic work with jay cdc, fbi, Cyber Command. An outpouring of what we need to do to make sure that cybersecurity is part of our National Security. And a little closer to home, i would say what we do has not changed that much. We still do cybersecurity, Cyber Command and Cyberspace Operations. But how we do it has changed dramatically. 50 different operations, 23 different countries, 77 Different Networks to 2018. The Cybersecurity Collaboration Center and unclassified facility, zero members of the Defense Industrial base in 2019, now moving toward 2000. Cybersecurity advisories with an unclassified level. And the return to the fall of 2021. Our most sensitive intelligence, declassified to build a coalition, disrupt an adversary. That is a little about the last five years i think. Strong organizations. Lots of chatter everywhere. Can you explain what it is and what it is not and how does it work . Great question. 702. An authority in u. S. Government uses to collect mitigation of nonus persons operating outside of the United States. The utilized capabilities such as email and phone service. It is an authority as a president ial intelligence Advisory Board described most recently, the most transparent Surveillance Authority in the world. Transparent surveillance. Normally words we dont put together. It is an authority that ensures our National Security and the protection of our Civil Liberties and privacy. Not or but and. It is an authority that is focused against a series of categories. It is an authority that is saving lives and ensures the protection of our homeland. It is an authority that is overseen by all three branches of government. So how does it work . You are an analyst. You say i have a target that is a nonus person outside of the United States and i would like to see if we can get the Communications Information on what theyre saying. The u. S. Government compels a u. S. Company to provide that information to us. We determined that perhaps this nonus person perhaps a ransomware attack. We take that and then we can do a couple of things. We can look and previously legally collected intelligence information, see if this person has said this before. Are they a known actor . A u. S. Company that has been targeted, have they been targeted before . This is a piece of the teamwork that goes on. Then victim notification is done. A key player of what goes on here. And then we write a report to make sure that we can provide Early Warning or victim notification. An important piece, at the end of the day, i said National Security and production of Civil Liberties and privacy. What are the metrics . Lets start quantitatively. 100 of the intelligence requirements the president requires are wrapped up in some kind of one. Second, 59 of the president ial Daily Briefing is sourced from some type of 702. 20 of all of the National Security agencys collection is based on some form of 702 and 85 of that 20 is single sourced to 702. Coming back to what the president ial intelligence Advisory Board says, and incredibly important authority, it would be disastrous to lose. What does it mean . Last year our nation lost over 100,000 people to fentanyl. 702 was able to identify chinese precursors utilizing that drug. 702 was utilized to prevent shipments of that drug to the United States. It has provided us an ability to recover the ransom of the Colonial Pipeline attack in 2021. It has prided provided the ability to thwart iranian cyber actors conducting attacks on u. S. Government institutions or Public Sector entities. Finally, it is part again of the ability for us to conduct a campaign and eventually successfully takedown the last leader of al qaeda. So again, sorry for the long discourse. But of the things that we look at today, 702 is among the most important National Security issues i think our nation faces today. It is good to hear those results and how things are getting done and how it has evolved. Geopolitical challenges often receive a lot of attention in National Security discourse, particularly around nation state actors and you mentioned a few of those. One of the geopolitical security challenges you think deserve the most attention . As we take a look at the security situation as i indicated, lets begin with the nationstate actors we look at and the National Security strategist that identifies if the Defense Strategy has indicated it begins as china begins with china. The nationstate that has the military and economic capabilities to impact our nation and our lives. It is an autocracy, its own agenda for the future. It is not interested in the rulesbased order we have lived under peacefully since the end of world war ii. We have seen across a number of different instances, the east china sea, whether it is china conducting Violent Attacks within hong kong or the imposition and a number of different places where they have had a different agenda for the future. The other piece is russia. Russia and ukraine today, the illegal invasion of ukraine that we have witnessed since 2022, again, our concern with regards to being able to understand the purpose and remaining vigilant against both is critical. But looking at regional powers, it is taking a look at border challenges. I mentioned fentanyl and the challenge of drugs. It is something we look at very closely. The challenge of the pandemic disease we all certainly saw over the past three years. There is a rich tapestry of things out there that are ongoing. As we look at it, one of things that we tend to say is what are the competitive advantages that we have as an agency, as a nation . It begins with this idea of partnerships. The next four days we are going to talk about public and private partners. Nowhere has it been better seen than the Russia Ukraine conflict, with his power of partnerships has meant so much. I think that is something our competitive advantage from it we at the agency have. Artificial intelligence. It has been around for a while. Those of us in the Technology Business are familiar. But it feels like the ai revolution is here. These are exciting times. It is shaping the future of humanity across every imaginable industry and dominated the news cycle. What do you see as the challenges and opportunities of ari, and how do you think it is going to change the world daca change the world . Changing our agency and command, perhaps. If you were to say lets consider Artificial IntelligenceMachine Learning eight months ago, we would have a lot of interest in this crowd and my agency in command, but broadly, not as much. But we have seen over the past eight months, chatgpt, bing, a number of different instances where it has captured the attention of the public. We have seen all of the folks in a rush to query different ai functions. One of the things we did at the National Security agency is said i would like to take it 60 date stent them a lets do a roadmap for ai and ml Going Forward. It was recently completed and let me talk about that. In the sense that the private sector has been doing Artificial Intelligence for a while, we have been doing it for a long time as well. It is something we are familiar with. One of the first things we said was how does generative Artificial Intelligence or Machine Learning fit in and how does it perhaps change our future so differently . We begin with what we do. We use Artificial Intelligence primarily within our intelligence mission. How do we look at it for our Cybersecurity Mission, or how do we look at it differently for our Cybersecurity Mission . Heres the third part. How about all the business functions were going to take a look at. One thing that was very interesting from that roadmap and the subject matter experts, they think the third of the uses, have a tremendous impact on the business functions of our agency in terms of how we do our business, our accounting, even compliance. How does it impact us and Human Capital management, many things i am sure you have seen as well as the private sector. That was piece one. The second was we have a responsibility at the National Security agency. Since i am the National Manager for National Security systems, to engage with u. S. Companies that have this intellectual property. They understand that they are the targets of foreign entities. Weve had the opportunity to talk to some of the leading experts among the leading corporations in america, to save this is what we are seeing. This is the tradecraft, the techniques, what they are normally targeting in terms of what you should be aware of as you think about the future. The third piece came back and said we have a tremendous responsibility. One of the things we have is a culture of compliance. We understand the surveillance authorities want to give to us and we understand the responsibility to maintain our Fourth Amendment rights. From that, how do we build up the right . It is going to be different. What do we need to do Going Forward . We have to look at policy, governance. We had to look at our infrastructure. We have to look at security. No doubt, security. We have to look at, where do we need to be bigger players at International Forums on Artificial Intelligence . We have interdutch intellectual capital, the knowhow. How do we assist the government in a number of different forms Going Forward . Perhaps among the most important, what does our workforce have to look like . How do we train our workforce differently in the future . How do we recruit, train, and focus the attention that will be powerful in an ai future . As we look at the future, we see tremendous changes. The speed coupled with the security, the safeguards that we will ensure a being put in place. I would add that the agency and congress has asked a Cyber Command. There has been a briefing on that as well. How do we use ai in the realm of Cyberspace OperationsGoing Forward . As we look at ai, 2023, we have this much knowledge. In terms of what we need to do. This is growing quickly. We also know it is growing quickly for our of her series. This is something we will continue to work at very hard. Dimension Human Capital and how fast these things are going growing. To make any of this happen, it is going to be all about the talent. You are challenged with are you challenged with finding the right skill set, especially in these areas . And an area where we are coming off of covid and somewhat of an anthemic, where there are motions of work from home, work remotely and virtual work, a lot of names for it. Are you challenged with workforce and skill sets . I cant imagine any speaker that would get appear insane they are not get up here and say they are not. It is the talent the drives the u. S. Government, nsa and u. S. Cyber command. In terms of that, one thing we have come to the realization is as we go forward, i would speak from both of our agency and our command. We are hiring 3000 people this year. In the next five years, half of our workforce will be hired. A tremendous opportunity. The same time, nearly 400 people will be hired this summer. How do you do that . The way that we have found that we have to do it is to think differently about recruiting. We have to think differently about training. We have to think differently about retaining and about our workforce. Let me talk about that. One of the things i am very focused on, one of the two things i would say im very focused on, i think every day how do we get better people, enjoy the best people are working in the most Important Missions . Weve always said it is about the mission and people say at our agency because it is the mission. Yes, to a degree. But at the same time, what we found is that coming out of covid as you mentioned, weve got to think differently. Particularly at our agency about our workforce. I established an Organization Called the future ready workforce. We are focused on how to be how to onboard people better. When you come to our agency, you should learn 70 years of history of the things that we have done that have made the impossible possible. Second, we have to think about wellbeing. How do we treat our people once they come into our agency . How do we offer them the services that are necessary. Third, hybrid work. We have centers outside of it. We do cybersecuritys. There are other parts of our mission that dont necessarily require us always being in the skids. We are exploring that now. And leadership. I have found at the end of the day that good leaders matter. You have bad leaders and have a bad organization. You can have an ok mission and have great leaders and have a great organization. How do we lead people that lead themselves all the way to leading an institution . How do we ensure that this development is built into the lifecycle of their work deco that is really what we are doing in terms of thinking about our agency differently. How do we think differently about bringing on people, getting them on mission . How do we think about keeping them in one spot for a longer time . One of the nice things is you get to have a conversation. It has been rotated for three years. How about 10 years, never . And wasnt going to say anything. But i think this is a time, and if you are thinking about talent, we have to think differently. We must do something different. Im going to switch gears and talk a little about the ukraine invasion. The release of intelligence proved to be successful in the ukraine invasion. How do you balance the declassification of information with protecting National Security . I know the director will be there the end. Great credit to her in the National Security advice of the president for making this observation in 20 31. As many of us know, we classify things for many reasons. We classify it most prominently for how we collect the information. Not necessarily what the information is. If there some way where you can balance protecting your sources and being able to release powerful information, we have seen the impact. Since the release of information , i have never seen the effect that it had on the russian information operation, it is so impactful. They have never been able to get their feet. Fig about what we are releasing in terms of what we are saying think about what we were releasing in terms of what they are saying. We have the truth, the first on the spot, it mattered. It mattered to the point of being able to convince a coalition to come together, disrupt president putin and empower partners such as ukraine. I think the interesting thing is that if you were a fly on the wall at our agency, we have interesting conversations. People have worked their lives collecting our most sensitive information. It is a conversation we have had many different times. But i think the important piece was hey, this is not our agency or any agencys collection. It is the nations collection. If you can protect that and have an impact that is positive to our national interest, why would you not . That is where we are at. Power to the folks that have made that determination. It has had a tremendous impact. He had some very prescient words five years ago. I dont want to put you on the spot too much. What are the next five years going to look like . I think the next five years are a series of three piece. The peoples republic of china. We are going to be obviously in a period of intense competition with china for a long time. This is the challenge of our time. This is what we must do in terms of being able to advance our values, defend our nation and defend our lives. The second piece, when i talked five years ago about persistent engagement and the idea of being able to enable and enact a series of different partners, the key piece is and partnership. Think about what we have learned. In the past three years, with regards to publicprivate partners. Publicprivate partnerships. Things like the fbi the National Security agency. Cyber command. They have all