To Hudson Institute. Im flexing your fellow here who focuses on northeast asia economics and technology issues. Thank you for going yesterday for our important event titled furthering u. S. Japan collaboration on Communication Security. Communications is essential to our modern economies as themando increase. There are, of course, a lot of concerns about the diversity ofs infrastructure whether it is undersea cables, satellites, various as open ram and the security, Cyber Security throughout these systems. Weve pulled together an excellent panel today to talk about this. Folks from both the u. S. And japan who are experts in thisdi, i should say, coming from various different agencies and organizations. But we will do is i will give brief introductions and then allow them to share their wisdom. Afterwards, we will open up for questions and answers from the audience. I encourage everyone to think about what they would like to ask. And that will be it. Up first, to my left we have the Deputy Director general for International Economic affairs in the Global Strategy Bureau of japans ministry of internal affairs and communications. Thank you for organizing our get together today. These topics are what japan and the u. S. Have been working together, should continue to do so, and i am pleased to share my perspective today. In the world we live in today, i. T. Technology is indispensable and pervasive in our life. Infrastructures such as mobile Communications Networks play a crucial rolas our social and ecc activities. It is becoming so to speak the basis of the nations existencej the sophistication sophistication of our i. T. Infrastructure and the wispread use of Digital Services have led to an increase of dataflow. If data flows national borders,■ the distribution increased four point seven times in 2017 and 2021. Technology in recent years is expected to further increase traffic. This demonstrates how important the i. T. Sector is and the importance of international collaboration. We believe twoare important for international telecommunications. First is building secure, robust ecosystems including promoting trustworthy supplies by trusted entities. The second is streng connectivih deploying networks. Technology, i will particularly focus on 5g and other important infrastructure such submarine cables and the nonterrestrial network. Abbreviation ntn. With 5g network we understand openness and interoperability essential. In Radio Access Network open lan, enables building mobile networks by combinineqrs, leadio stable procurement and cost reductions. ■ legacy system l. A. D where a se vendor provides proprietary radio hardware for it, software and interfaces allowingrk to fu. However, perspective applications. Often interruptible aperture can provide more vendor options and brings more competitive and diverse supply chains. In terms of the security aspect, quad Security Networks last year, it explains that the security risks lead to technologies, account for only 4 of the entire system. R that e risks can be mitigated to hrough appropriate measures such as following the checklist attached. Ates suggest open l. A. And will reduce Energy Consumption by a maximum of 50 . It is good that we have been observing adoption of 4g and 5g commercial network in japan, and the u. K. , germany and in the United States. Open lan, we see opportunities for bilateral cooperation between japan and the u. S. In supporting deployment in countries and in continuing to promote the importance of openness and interoperability. We have collaby occasions, to interagency cooperation and the government between cooperation. The futurei. Infrastructure is not limited to terrestrial mobile communications. We Network Vision for beyond 5g, 6g, which is not only extension of 5g. Last year the g7 Technology Ministry meeting released the vision for fure networbeyond th. Tech leaders agreed Network Connectivity senhanced through d deploying multilateral networks with terrestrial networks suchad nonterrestrial networks, such as low orbit satellite and High Altitude platform station. Recoe importance of seamless interoperability between these networks. It is saidhat submarine cables account for 99 of national are very important for ensuring improved digital connectivity. It is necessary to secure safe routes cables and diversity of redundancy and promote cable installation. Maintenance and operations. If we believe Network Coverage threedimensional ntn, we will become crucially infrastructure. An example ir countries with the last months joint statement between those principals for 6g and advances standardization of 6g technology. Along with principles■n■ inclug satellite. Happ is uca mountain based platform that floats in the stratosphere. It oers low latency with 200 kilometer in diameter. At a low cost than satellite connections. 5g and future beyond 5 6g services can also be provided through happs. Companies in japan successfully demonstrated 5g communications, using commercially available smart phone terminals. Llite constellation where is a system in which a number of satellites are launched in low earth orbit and operate in unison to enable highspeed large Capacity Communications via satellite. In the future, decby ground ters smartphonessi expected to become a reality. Generally, over this year, we have just started the production the introduction of satellites and communications in japan. We bel communication with satellites will contribute to Network Resilience with multilayer and wide area coverage. It can also provide a means of communication in times of emergencies such as building such as during natural disasters. To maintain a free and open cyberspace, it is essential to ensure the safety and resilience of our infrastructure. But technology is evolving at an increasing pace, so inolution, governments cannot handle it alone. It is important to work closely with industry, academia, society and institutes. Initially it will remain committed to international cooperation. Thank you for your kind attention. Thank y, were excellent remarks. Yeah, it really is enduring how much work the u. S. And japan have been doing in ict, and for you mentioned the joint statement endorsing principles for 6g. Theres recently a new dialog on Digital Economy between the United States anjaaker, mr. Conan can enlighten us from his id like to thank the Hudson Institute and Riley Walters for giving us an opportunity to underscore the nature of collaboration between japan and the United States on digital i word like to publicly acknowledge the leaders on common issues without his leadership we would not be able to advance as rapidly as we have and Work Together on both policy and programs. I thk we share a common vision devoted that the devoted to the notion that the internet should be open, reliable, secure and perable. And thats built on a foundation of trust. So there are three elements in the policy set that describes the first of those is infrastructure supply. By that, i mean sourcing and equipment and code from countries that have independent judiciary, due process procedures, effective institutions, that allow one to have their privacy protected, that allow businesses to have their intellectual property protected and allow stat have their National Security protected as a consequence of using those networks. T its the countrys institutions, not the company involved, not the product line, that defines trusted supply as we see it. The second aspect of our policy set s s vendor diversity, that is the among various vendors of code and equipment. The code part is important because we know industry engineers often tell us in our conversations that we will see increasedalization of the Radio Access Network starting now. So we will be moving away from hardware to softwarebased systems increasingly. The vendor diversity has multiple advantages, in addition to those underlined, there is omic development and growth that occurs when you have more innovation provided by small medium and large ,hj businesses in the ecosystem. There is increased price competition because more than one supplier is meeting your Radio Access Network beads. That prevents vendor lockin, so you can■s usually 7 to 10 years depreciation period. Youre not waiting for the edu this will become increasingly important as we approach the beyond 5g, 5g policy and engineering set. The third pillan of the trusted supply argument across the ict ecosystem. Its a holistic approach to trusted supply to involve not only wireless butboth undersea. Data centers and Cloud Services and, leo. Why . It really makes no sense to be focused exclusively on wireless if the data centers that store our information aralso not secured. If the submarine cables, by industry estimates carrying as much as 99 of our information internationally are not also secured, and if the leo and geo satellites that receive and send signals are not secure. Its a matter of logic. We have an advantage by the simple and plain fact that matching our bilateral cooperation between the u. S. And japan is a very rich binational cooperation. And thats commercial. I give to you, for exampan is j, theres a problem called orex which involves 10 major u. S. Companies providing code and equipment to deployments with ntk docomo, announced with nec on february 26th oth extended globally. So we will soon see more global footprint to this Work Together. Id like to give you two examples of our collaboration. One is the open lan economy in manila which has trained upwards of a thousand engineers and the next generation of leaders in the field in the open approach to technology. The notion is we shouldnt just be focused on deployment, but the skill needed like the phillipines to engage producttively in this infrastructure. Second, pleased to let you know that the bureau of cyber space and digital policyanks to cong wisdom has been resourced to fund to provide our partners and allies access to this technology. We have the digital connectivity and cybersecurity program. And we have roughly 50 of the ch act funds devoted to itc infrastructure issues, upwards of 50 million a year for the next five years. H constructively with partners around the globe. We have had ict secure road shows in poland, india, south africa and most recently vietnam. And we have had intermittent intimate involvement of both japanese policymakers dade a crl difference because voices in the they were hood in places like vietnam are providing a window into the future and opportunities that exist today. Riley made a reference to the issues which we enjoy with japan. Let me turn briefly to that and give you a sense of some of the positive outcomes from our most recent dialogue. The first is the focus on International Standards which includes an existing u. S. Japan Global DigitalTechnology Partnership to advance our collaborative Work Together on secure telecommunications we have the pleasure of sharing chairing that particular mechanism on at least a quarterly basis. Se trusted deployment of ict infrastructure in third countries, especially 5g and■ open ran as well as undersea , cables. Ive referenced the work were doing together in the philippines and under the quad and the pacific country of palou, is the beneficiary on open ran field deployment further on this calendar year. Further work is under consideration for undersea of 5n ran systems. ÷ next in the dialogue agreement on promoting support for responsible Ai Governance including through the hiroshima ai by japan so ably during the 2023 g7 presidency and that italy is currently advancing further at the g7 ministerial actually just last week. Japan and the United States also concurred on the importance of protecting data and privacy,clue adoption of crossborder rules, or cbpr, to authorize operational certification of companies globally. We also concurred in our desire shared to leverage t unions and our respective japanese and u. S. Leadership in that bodyo build coalitions and advance common interest. The world telecommunication system will be meeting in delhi later in the year. Our work on those issues is ongoing. We worked to expand cybersecurity Capacity Building with partner countries seeking that typethe collaboration must. Finally well support digital freedoms, including the use of practices such as misinformation, disinformation, commercial spywa harassment that inhibit our freedoms. With that ill close and pass it back to riley. , that was wonderful. You mentioned a lot about the efforts and collaboration of the u. S. And japan in areas, int asia, in countries, specifically s, vietnam, you mentioned palou and so i think perhaps our third speaker might be the best to continue on that theme of cooperation and international markets. Of course, japan bank for internationacooperat closely with Americas Development finance cooperation to establish investments in the infras please, tell us a little more about your work and what you all are doing in the space, specifically on telecommunications security. Thank you, riley. I am a senior representative of Japan International cooperation, washington d. C. Office. Some of you may know it is the policybased financial institution, and what you see here in washington, d. C. Our mandate is to support japanese private industry and businesses all over the world. Also, i would say that our l operation truly allied with japanese government policy. We will or industries and achieve the japanese government policy by way of also, we have posted our financial toolkit. Also, wedabout cooperating with likeminded partners like the United States and most remarkable cooperation with the u. S. Counterpart. With we signed understanding in 2018 i remember and we expanded cooperation gradually and ict is definitelyhe area of cobut in addition to that i woud like to introduce that we have stitutions like usaid. Both institutions have the sanctions of the cities so which are in various stages. Ict secti like to explain two examples at this moment. The first is the submarine cable support. Communications are done by a submarine cable. The Japanese Company nec is one of the leading compani4 esn this space. S■ this is a good combination of our finance and plans from the united statean but is a good place for blended finance. And second example is our supporting to the state ofu. awbu company of beta testening the United States and over the world. We are very active in supporting Data Center Businesses globally. We would like to expand our cooperation with ntt as much as possible. Next, id like to touce recent update about the mandate. The japanese diet amended the law that regulated what we can do. Last to the jgb law, and as a result of the amendment, we are now unable to support Japanese Companies for their, but the local companies as well. As long its essential for businesses. For instance, if the japanese industry tried to supply the key goods in some services to locals in carriers in the indopacific region we are now ■ build diplomatic relationships abroad. So, with this were going to open it up for questions from the audience. If you have any questions, please raise your hand, a mic will come to you, identify yourself and ask your question. Try to be as suscinct as possible. I am going to take the moderators privilege to ask the first question. The ict can be very technical sometimes. Not everyone is computer savvy. Le are actually finance savvy. We talked about blended finance. Mae we can jdu real quick. Weve already given a very general explanation of the impoan infrastructure. The need for it to be trusted and secure so that Everyday Americans and japanese can benefit from what they can access. And so, maybe, i dont know how to ask this actually, but is it in simpler terms so that people understand that this relationship is very important, its very technical, it is very advanced in the terminologies and the financing. But whats the simpler way that we can describe the importance of this sector and this work for the american and japanese audience . Mark, why dont we start with you . I have two answers. Its easy for me to dumb it down because the question is, do you want your information, whether youre representing a Major Corporation or Small Business or whether its your bank account or your health data, do you want that information to be compelled to be shared with state intelligence agencies . If the anu are embracing the notion, the policy set of trustworthy supply. Going back to this question of are the institutions in place from the source country are you, to allow■nsparency of knowing when the state wants your data. There are cases in the United States and scaanavian countries, and examples throughout in japan where citizens are informed upon any kind of request like that. That is the simple way of describing it. On the other side of that coin, diplomacy in this field, particularly in this field because of the technology involved and the fact that that technology is advancing on almost a daily basis is a team sport. He refer