Also national sovereignty. The primary threat to national sovereignty. The one last. We have to be aware of the effect that this is having on all of our sunni allies. The administration is suggesting strongly that he ran can be our ally against the Islamic State. It is simply not true. It is not true on every level. Herein does not regard the Islamic State is meant to me the way we do. The Islamic State city revolutionary power to take power in the sunni world. World. It does threaten the iranian interest to a certain degree in southern iraq. It is also created tremendous opportunities to secure control of iraqi politics. And as an ally against the Islamic State. The polarization in the region where sunni allies dont trust us at all and think that our war against Islamic State is simply going to facilitate the riser ran throughout the region. As a result we have a coalition of over 60 partners that can defeat the Islamic State which is 20 or 30,000 guys and why cant we defeated . Because our partners dont really want to defeat it. They have signed up just to be polite to us. Defeat it means facilitating iranian hegemony all of these. Clicks a question up there. Sure. I am with run for america. You talked a lot about how we have about negotiating position. How do we get that negotiating position back and what are some stuff we can take to kind of fix our negotiating position and our regional respect . I know obviously we take back some of our sanctions, the height of sanctions. What more what more can we do to put pressure on iran that would not send them into the open arms, russia and china. Well, i dont think this administration is capable of coming up for correcting the mistakes that have already been made in coming up for the negotiating position. I think that the onus on the u. S. Congress to take a very close look at what is emerging. Each day it seems like there is a new element is even worse than what we have for. But i think that we need to walk with the table and let the economics forces take their course. Even without the sanctions the Iranian Regime itself for is so many bad economic policies and corruption that i think over time ago opposition will grow. I am not sure that it is possible to really walk this back clicks some time for one more question. Clicks just very briefly. Asked that question what in congress to. Well, they can do a number of things. They can vote no and they will have that opportunity. That is an important expression of the of the American Public that emanates from congress. Congress can also try to inherit ensure to the degree that it can sanctions continue at least legislative sanctions that have been imposed. Congress can also establish a team be come a technique that has been used in the past to monitor the implementation of this agreement so that there are outside experts with access to all of the intelligence who can confirm compliance or detect and ensure that noncompliance is detected. And finally, we need to protect the american people. One of the most important things that we can do is continue to emphasize and to build our Missile Defense capabilities because iran is working on their icbm commanded will have the capability to have a Nuclear Weapon, and the United States will be held hostage in the future. So there were four things that congress could do. Time for more question. Okay. Right here then. Five. Two statements. The us is a guarantee or of stability. Looking at things in a broader context since we abandon their obligations the petrodollar. Grand and iraq. Keep selling their oil for us dollars. Looking away from a pistol just reggie for peace, there is potential for a new global kind of understanding that would bring economic stability because we have what is the lesser financial system. To turn people off of the term the key creating instability rather than stability. Am im not the best person to talk about it on the economic side. Clicks we can always move on i am not an economist, but go ahead clicks one or two. There is a feeling out there i. I noticed my talk to groups. Because of being on the cusp of Energy Independence we dont need the region anymore. That kind of thinking is clearly influenced the white house, house even if it is not explicitly in the documents and so on. I think that the events of the last few years have shown that it is simply not true. We are not ready to give up and leave the region because it has a way of following us wherever we go. I dont think that really answers your question about the economics of the 12i think that youre going to be guarantors of the global stability and guarantors of the global economy. Given given the fact that this region continues to be our supply of oxygen we were going to be concerned with want to be or not clicks one more question. Last question. I promise. Clicks thanks. Look up the heritage foundation. My question is based on two assumptions which i think a reasonable. We will get a bad deal and the next administration will have to do a lot to shore up us credibility. Assuming a both of those take place what are your thoughts about the us extending a Nuclear Security guarantee or umbrella along the gcc countries plus jordan and egypt as a way to try to stem, stop Nuclear Proliferation in the region. I want region. I want to stress not talking about conventional security guarantee for purely a nuclear one. The us will be of interest on back. Sure. It is not going to work. It is not what they want. They dont want will believe it. We we just passed on the easy part of the equation which is stopping of getting a bomb to begin with. We just showed that we dont have the gumption to go the distance with them on that. The lso. The allies have drawn the conclusion that we are not willing to go the distance. Wireless suddenly going to be happy with our nuclear guarantee . To the saudis really believe that we might trade an American City for riyadh . They simply wont believe the guarantee that we are giving and they will conclude that the only way that they can force us to pay any attention to them is by developing their own by developing their own Nuclear Weapons. By the way with regard to that it is amazing to me as a student Obama Administration talking points. And it is very amusing to watch them shift over time. Two years ago when the 2012 election come already three years ago now the concern was the israeli doubts about the Obama Administrations willingness to go the distance that the iranians the Obama Administration put their surrogates out and said no there was a process inside the administration. They looked of his carefully and came to the conclusion that if they did not stop the iranians in a convincing way there would be proliferation throughout the region and pres. Obama is a nonproliferation hock car something he regards as one of the most important aspects of his legacy. And and so israelis and jews and americans dont worry. President obama will take care of this problem. He knows he knows that if he doesnt there will be proliferation. Really unhappy. They will proliferate because it will give them a nuclear guarantee. I would i would just say that is a very important question. Friends and allies who rely our security guarantee this administration is that everything can to undercut the credibility of the Us Nuclear Deterrent overtime. Everything it can and is now beginning to change because of russia copresent aggression. Is very important. In april realization that our Nuclear Forces and Nuclear Capability have deteriorated that we must act to do this. Here now beginning to take some of the steps. This steps. This is for the next administration to restore our capability and the perception. Youll find it around the globe. Two points. Kind of a guarantee boiling down the credibility. I dont think this administration has enough credibility left. Stop the program in 2,003 with a military military strike of the Bush Administration. Overthrown saddam hussein. He expected that he would suffer the consequences from the bush of ministration. The libyan disarmament was an often overlooked victory for the Bush Administration the libyan civil war and finally i would just say that this is an administration that puts a high priority on engaging with enemies and protecting the interest of his friends. If you do that long enough you will find more enemies unless friends. Clicks okay. Clicks mike. I had another thought related to what i said earlier in my remarks. And it is that i think there is a mistake when thinking about the calculations of these Countries Nuclear weapons to think of it as totally symmetric. The saudi desire or the desire of other states in the region to have a Nuclear Weapon is not simply to deter the iranians from using their Nuclear Weapon. The problem with the Iranian Nuclear program when the saudis and the rest of them look at it is not that they will have this up what awesome weapon of the disposal. It is that the United States because more differential to iran because in every area they have this weapon. So there is a way in which it is a kind of bargaining chip with the United States about his policy and a strategy toward the region. The United States and the International Community in general for the region in general. Leverage which the iranians have succeeded in gaining. Just a final. Happens to be involved in bolivia negotiations. Still secret. I wrote a book on it in 2,009. A very littleknown book. But it does, i think show that there is a prospect for good outcomes, good agreements. Hope we did is sale the ship over libya. We learned that ships with hundreds of metric tons of Nuclear Equipment everything that was associated with their Nuclear Program command we also loaded on the longerrange missiles and brought it back to the United States. That was a good outcome. Very. Very clean, very good. Libya, iran, two Different Cases just like north korea is different. They are all different. Libya demonstrated was if we have a strategy that a strategy that brings together all the tools of statecraft was not just diplomacy, but diplomacy, but diplomacy along with economic sanctions along with the intelligence tools along with the other instruments that we can bring to bear in a coherent strategy we can prevail. The panel has done a great job today. In given us a lot to think about. Thank you for giving us your valuable time. Please join me in thanking them with a round of applause. [applauding] tomorrow Homeland Security secretary j johnson talks about efforts to seek now works. Live coverage for the center for strategic and International Studies at 1 00 p. M. Eastern time here on cspan2. This week on first ladies, influence in ladies, influence and damage, Lucretia Garfield and Mary Arthur Mcelroy. Lucretia garfield was an educated woman and a believer in womens rights when her husband was assassinated she returned to ohio and a short his legacy the making their home into an early version of a president ial library. Chester arthur a widower because pres. And his sister Mary Arthur Mcelroy fills the role of first lady and establishes white house social etiquette used by future first ladies for decades. Lucretia garfield decades. Lucretia garfield and Mary Arthur Mcelroy this sunday night at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on cspan2 original series first ladys influence and image examining the women who fill the position of first lady and their influence in the presidency from our washington to Michelle Obama sundays at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on American History tv on cspan2. The summer book tv will cover book festivals from around the country and top nonfiction authors and books. Next weekend we are live at the harlem book fair the nations flagship africanamerican literary event with author interviews and panel discussions. Live from the nations capitol for nations capitol for the National Book festival celebrating its 15th year. That is a that is a few of the events this summer on cspan2 book tv. Last year members of unaccompanied minors Central America increased and prompt of the reevaluation of Border Security and the treatment of underage detainees. A Senate Hearing on that topic included testimony from immigration and Justice Department officials. [inaudible conversations] good morning. This hearing will come to order. I want to first welcomed the wiesseand i want the first welcome my witnesses in the appreciate your testimony which i have i have thoroughly read and studied. The hearing is really called to take a look at when you look back the humanitarian crisis we experienced last year as on a company of children stream across the border in record numbers. The flow has been reduced but i still say that would still say that its almost at the humanitarian crisis levels. To fix the dramatic increase in unaccompanied children. And i do this from the standpoint of trying to lay out pictorially way all occurred and what happened. Happened. There is one dramatic event that occurred in 2012 called deferred action on childhood arrivals implemented by this administration. There is an awful lot of state denial. That didnt really cause the bush factor. Multiple factors, no doubt about it. It is it is really quite clear that that unilateral executive action that deferred action on childhood arrivals was the primary cause for the search. What. What i want this hearing today to talk about is the incentives we create in this country, and our lives people to come to this country illegally do we are a nation of immigrants. We need to recognize the fact that people come to this country by and large are coming for the exact same reason our ancestors came here seeking the opportunity that this country offers. We need to understand that. You a certain extent we need to respect that if it is done legally. We cannot tolerate an uncontrolled border, and unsecure border, and immigration process that is out of control all based upon illegal immigration. So we must take a look at our laws and take a look at incentives for illegal immigration. I would certainly look at deferred action on childhood arrivals has one of those incentives that creates this crisis. From my standpoint that is what i want to glean from this hearing today in a testimony and the question will be asking. But serious issue. Peoples lives are put at risk because of these incentives them and we need to get to the bottom of this. He other. I want to make is the difficulty in getting the information to actually solve this problem. Problem. Part of the problem is we have three different departments the five different component agencies dealing with this and these children are passed from one department and agency to the other. And we do not keep a real record and each agency is charged with a certain responsibility in the process, and there is just no overall coordination of everyones effort. From my standpoint, i do not believe we are truly enforcing the laws the way that they were meant to be. As a result we continue to incentivize this kind of illegal immigration and that has got to stop. With that i turn it over to our Ranking Member. Thank you. Good to see you. Thank you for joining us today for your testimony. One of the things most of us here, whether democratic or republican agree that it is important be addressed not just symptoms of the problems but that we address root causes underlying causes that contribute to those problems. There is no one single reason why these people decided to talk to our country and drove the last couple of years. But years. But i would suggest that one of the reasons why they want to come up here is because for a number a number of years they have lived hellacious life. We contribute directly. We buy a lot of Illegal Drugs appear a lot of it comes right through honduras, guatemala, el salvador. We seldom guns. Those guns are used on gangs the gangs the gangs make money off the drugs are sold here. The environment through job creation in this countrys is not very good because of the lack of rule of law. And finally to poor people we dont always deport them as as we know, unaccompanied minors or families with children. But adults are particularly adult males that have a criminal record, we send them right back. What do they do . They go to work. The work they go to his creating an even more dangerous, unappetizing, on economic environment. Economic environment. So keep that in mind. We contribute directly to the very difficult lies they have in those countries, and we have some obligation to do something about that. Ill talk about that in just a moment. We faced a humanitarian crisis at the southern border. Tens of thousands of women and children were turning nestles and the Border Patrol agents seeking protection after a grueling trip Central America. Border officers were overwhelmed. Shelters to house these childre