[applause] interested in American History . Watch American History television on cspan3 at the weekend. 40 hours of people and events that helped document the american story. Visit cspan. Org history for more information. Booktv recently visited capitol hill to ask members of congress what they are reading this summer. Im going to try to get through a few. One is the future of the brain. Doing a lot of work in neuroscience space in congress. We have a map of the brain. A group of essays that if they all point to the direction of the future. As a euro sign tracers. Im also interested in both steve and peters book and then im going to think just for fun read a curious mind. Its a group of interviews collective group of what i would call impact players. Wewere going to have a little chance to lay back and take in some information and have some fun. Booktv wants to know what you are reading this summer. Tweet us your answer booktv or post it on your Facebook Page facebook. Com booktv. Welcome to augusta on booktv located 150 miles east of atlanta along the georgiaSouth Carolina border and was established in 1739 by James Oglethorpe who also founded savannah. During the civil war displayed the city was spared during shermans march to the sea due to its military arsenal and confederate out of work. Its the boyhood home of president Woodrow Wilson and the godfather of soul singer james brown band of papas got a brandnew bag today it has the oldest continually running canal in the euros and is known around the world for the masters golf tournament. With help of our Comcast Cable partners for the next one that we will learn about the history of the city from local authors. We begin our special look with historic of the only american to receive both the Carnegie Medal and the medal of honor. We are sitting in the Augustine Museum of history, and about 10 years ago a decision was made to do a military display, a Permanent Military display to honor jimmie dyess. When i did my research on the book i went through over 9000 Carnegie Medal recipients the last 100 years, and the 3500 or so medal of honor recipients since the civil war and it turns out hes the only person ever to earn both awards. Because it was such a unique story and because this man is my wifes aunt, i decided to write a book about him. Jimmie dyess was born in augusta, georgia, in 1909 lived most of his youth in North Augusta which is across the river from augusta, went to richmond academy, the Oldest School in the south and when he graduated he went to clemson university. He played football at clemson and was also an allamerican riflemen at clemson. While he was there between his first and second you can reach when his freshman and sophomore years, he was at Sullivans Island off the coast of South Carolina and it was a woman who is in the process of drowning and another woman who went in to try to save her and she was not being successful so they were both in very serious trouble. He was wandering down the beach, already the problem was developing. There were a lot of people on the beach, concerned about this woman and this other woman but no one would go in. He saw it and he immediately thought they could do it. So it was a pretty snap decision. He went swimming end of the long swim out. It wasnt a real rough situation. They were not huge waves but it was a long distance. They were out of sight for a little while beyond the ways so it was quite they thought they were not going to make a. People on the beach but they would all be gone. Finally, he appears swimming them both back but its pretty much a snap decision to he wasnt there when the initial problem began to develop but as he came down the beach he realized what was going on. And he by himself without any risk he did, he did have a boat he didnt have a life raft or anything like that, he just went in by himself. He was been awarded a year later a Carnegie Medal which is the highest award in america for peacetime heroism. That was presented to them at the university. There was a parade the hereafter, 1929. So that was his first act of heroism to it and came back to augustine and started a business. It didnt work to, because it was during the depression. Went into the army reserve and then later the Marine Corps Reserves. He went into the marine corps for two reasons. They paid a little more money, not much but a little bit more 5 a month more and the marines were very much known for their rivalry, for the marksmanship and he wanted to be on the Marine Corps Reserve rifle team. Thing to keep in an allamerican riflemen at clemson and he made the team. He actually coached the team and they won all kinds of awards when he went up to camp perry for a couple of years in 1936 1937. When he became a lieutenant or a he was trained at camp pendleton. They have not been in combat at this time to get was informed and sent to combat in january january 1944, for the very first time to the nation in the Marshall Islands in 1944 was to drive deep into the Central Pacific and grab an important island that the japanese controlled because the celebrant operating out of there and airplanes operate out of there. They wanted to get there and get the island so they could leapfrog farther into the pacific. So it was a straight shot from san diego write directly to the Marshall Islands. The army took the southern part of the Marshall Islands and the marine corps went into the northern part of the marshals and they would have to an island a twin island. The purpose was to capture the island, if the japanese out of there so we could use the island and the japanese could not use the island they have had been using it against us, against wake island and so forth. It was a big strategic move on the part of the command and the pacific not to go intimately but make a big leap into the middle. It was very successful but its not well known because it was so successful. Very few people were killed and one of them was jimmie dyess. It was the end of the first day of the battle and jimmie dyess battalion came onto the island as the kind of second wave. They didnt arrive on the island until about one to two in the afternoon. In the meantime to other battalions had have gone forward and one of the battalions had some marines who had made some progress but didnt realize that the japanese were in these spiderspider holes and had it got past this part of a la senate the japanese and out with their machine guns, wounded these marines and were going to kill them right before dark. Jimmie dyess you was in a separate unit heard all this fire over there knew there was a problem so he got some of his marines together and said theres got to be a problem. Kind of the same we did in the carnegie situation in somebodys got to do something, maybe i can do something. So he went in there, got them, saved the lives that i talked to one of the men whose lives he saved, and he managed to pull them back and say that a it was another unit that was pretty much not planned. They had to move quickly because of darkness was coming and he saved all the marines that were behind enemy lines. And the next day he organized his 800 grains to take the last japanese positions on this either a pretty small island, and as approach the position he got up to direct fire and his fellow marines said colonel, get down, get down from what he wanted to make sure that they found the right positions and shot at the ripe japanese positions. So he was observing and thats when he got shot in head and was killed. He was killed instantly. The battle was over within a couple of hours after that. There were 83,000 people that served in a division during the war, and during that period of time, there were only 12 to earn a medal of honor and the entire division he was awarded the medal about sex but after he was killed to i spend 10 years on the medal foundation. If an active group heroism takes place it requires a couple of witnesses and it requires somebody to write it up. What did he do, how do you see the slides whatever. Then it goes through a series of committees all the way up to the president and if approved by the second of the arm and the secretary of the navy or the section of the air force and been approved by the second of defense, then the president makes the presentation of the metal. Is very, very hard to earn the medal of order and all the wars we fought in the last 12 or 13 years that are only i think eight or nine living recipients and another six or eight who were posthumous recipients of medal of honor so its a very difficult one to what happens often time is to do is recognize but not at the highest level. It is downgraded to a distinguished Service Cross or to his silver star or to a bronze star. So very few people earn the middle. He was almost for sure say that he did not deserve it. He might point out to somebody else who was more heroic than he was picked he was very humble. He never talked about the Carnegie Medal. When interviewed people who knew him, when i did the book a long time ago people doing well. Tell me, what about the Carnegie Medal. He was 19. They did know anything about it. He earned his medal. He was very modest. He didnt think he deserved its we never talked about. He probably threw it things would bring the same way. Ive known a lot of medal of honor recipients from the foundation to most of them will tell you i didnt deserve this. It shouldve been given to somebody else. Its a piece of humility that we all can learn from and i think he would have been in that category. You are watching booktv on cspan2 and this weekend we are visiting a gust of georgia talking with local authors entering the cities and resides with help of our local cable partner comcast. Next, stan byrdy looks at the history of golf and a gust and origins of the annual Masters Tournament which is one of the professional golfers associations four major championships. The i guess the country club gets in as was the centerpiece of golf in golf history in a gust to. Golfer started in the area about 20 miles to the east of your in aiken, South Carolina, and then quickly in 1897 and one had its first golf course which was the voluntary golf course which sat golf course which sat in back of the Bonaire Hotel which is just across the street from us here at the Augusta Country Club. That course, a nine hole course, then transitioned into what was the lake course and then a hill course. The hill of course being the only surviving course and thats the course that we are on today to the Augusta Country Club. In 1888, augusta decides is going to host an industrial exposition called the Augusta National exposition of 1880, the first Augusta National. When folks can get down in the late fall of 1888 they fell in love with augusta. They decided this is where theyre going to spend their winter. In that timeframe 1880 florida is not develop. The west coast is not developed, and augusta is where all the rail lines are leading to come and folks from new york city and baltimore and boston and philadelphia can get to augusta on one days ride on the rails. So its convenient for the folks up in the northeast to get away from the winter weather. They would come to augusta, and by 1900 the augusta and they can bury have blossomed overnight into the largest and to resort in north america. This was their winter home for president , the powerful captains of industry, president taft junior as president elect and the winter of 1909 and he picked his entire cabinet while staying at the Bonaire Hotel just down the street. The rockefellers would stay here in augusta during the winter and winter until that april, may period. So seven months augusta tourism down. As golf came to the United States in the late 1800s, it came your to augusta in 1897 by William Henry harrison no relation to the president of the United States, and started the Bonaire Hotel and to put a golf course you. He introduced augusta to the game of golf. And at this time the augusta as the winter capital of north america had a lot of folks interested in in the game of golf. Came to augusta and they started playing golf. In 1900 three years after the first golf course will put you in augusta, the reigning british open champion paid a trip to augusta, played a round of golf the he was playing exhibitions up and down the east coast, and people were enthused about the game of golf. Well, if you look at those old pictures from 1900 you will see that it still two years before bobby jones was born and golf is being accepted or theres a big crowd in augusta to watch harry ago. And went over to nearby aiken South Carolina, and he played an exhibition there. That really seemed to like the fires in augusta for the game of golf. Soon as golf expanded here at the Augusta Country Club with the lake course and hill course, there was a course 20 miles east. There was a course starting in 1900 for just across the river at the mighty hampton hotel. We were a city of grand hotels in grand golf courses. That caught the eye of bobby jones. Keep in mind it was important to 1902, so all this time in the late 1890s and early 1900s that gain is blossoming here in augusta. And augusta happens to be close enough to atlanta that bobby jones sees this is an area that has the money then maybe could support a golf course later on down the line and he starts playing golf in augusta and it is 10 degrees warmer than in atlanta. Back in the day. As well as the golf course and 76 working days in September September 1932 bob jones paid its first round of golf and shop are on the golf course. David jones had a tough time selling the world on the dresser, georgia and the Augustine National golf club. It didnt have the money and the base for folks coming up it came down to the northeast. That started to dry up because after he put the course here in the depression ended, florida was developed. So people six airplanes and went to the west coast and the gas to semi fell out of favor and augustine struggled in the winning formula had become in the 1950s in the form of almost what you would call a trifecta. President eisenhower was a member of the Augustine National. He became president of the United States and the big spotlight shone on the city of aggressor. The president of the United States is playing golf at the Augustine National and television came of age and lo and behold this generation started the game of golf started watching the president play golf and augustine georgia and they could see him play golf on the news at night. Lo and behold this timing would have it Arnold Palmer came along, a working class hero with a selftaught golf swing and he would hitch up his pants and go win golf tournaments. He was a charismatic goodlooking guy between eisenhowers President Television and the gas to an Arnold Palmer the 1950s blossomed and since that point i guess it never looked back. Arnold palmer won the masters in 1958 in 1962 in 1964 syllables almost clock like the folks are watching on tv and then the error and Jack Nicholas and 65 and 66 with great players in there as well in the fan base nationwide and worldwide would grow with that situation. They came to a to at director wgbh tv here and spent my entire career here in during my stay here just fell in love with the history of the golf course. My first year was 1986 and Jack Nicholas one and the following year larry weizmann and i was smitten by nasa and golf history and the president s and i ended up in a guest and after i got out at the tv business just thought it would make a fascinating story of how augustine came to be because thats when they came here folks asked me first time on the course was how augustine in this town became the golf capital of the world and it raised a lot of questions of my own end over the years i befriended a lot of friends here at the Augustine National from Augustine Country Club in palmetto and make in and the private areas and they piece together a story that just have been the highlight of my career now. We continue our visit to augustine georgia with Lee Ann Caldwell who discusses the city and its role in the civil war. The book we are talking about today is transfixed. A book i will put the Augustine Museum of history. No better place to talk about the book and what we learned in here in this awardwinning local museum and we are in an exhibit entitled a gusto story so it tells us how augustine developed and how augustine then came to be the augustine it is now. In 1733 James Oglethorpe who was one of 21 trustees of basically a charitable trust, sort of a Nonprofit Organization today came to savanna with the shipload of people are