And expedia should consider a fleet wide averageing program permitted spender section 231 which would allow the agency to achieve the greatest initial reduction at lowest cost. The agency should address operational and air Traffic Management practices which could provide Emission Reduction opportunities that lowcost. Finally epa must require any aircraft that cannot meet the requisite final standard or cannot be retrofitted to achieve it to phase out and ultimately retire. It is critical epa credible that outdated aircraft from polluting our skies and contributing to Climate Change while more efficient designs are readily available. Sierra club appreciates epas efforts to move forward with Greenhouse Gas emissions for aircraft and we urge the agency to the epicenter strong force the epa must take the time necessary to develop appropriate and well considered final rule, time is of the essence. In december president obama and Administration Officials will travel to paris to negotiate an International Climate court with leaders from around the world. Strong arguments to reduce Greenhouse Gases domestically and more effective our negotiating position will be. We strongly encourage epa to move swiftly ahead with these regulations to achieve the best outcomes. Thank you for the opportunity to speak on this issue and look forward to many comments on behalf of sierra club on this proposal in the near future. Thank you. Thank you for your comments and fox. Before i go to the next group, is mr. Valdez here . Can we hear from Kate Deangelis, amanda base, and david baake. Thank you for the opportunity to testify on this important issue. I am Kate Deangelis, and a climate and energy campaigner. Research has shown we must keep 80 of the worlds fossil fuel reserves in the ground to have a good chance of avoiding the worst impact of climate destruction. As the Worlds Largest historical eater the United States must shoulder the greatest share of the burden for Emission Reduction. In order to achieve the necessary Emission Reduction to avert catastrophic climate disruption United States must take significant strides to reduce Carbon Pollution from every sector of the economy including aircraft. The epa has taken action to reduce emissions from cars, trucks and power plants. Now the epa needs to show the same leadership and limit aircraft Carbon Dioxide emissions. Globally Airline Operations produced 705 metric tons of Carbon Dioxide in 2013. To put that in perspective the global aviation admissions industry would rank seventh including countries from ranking after germany at total country emissions. This sector is too big to leave unregulated so the epa must take action to reduce Carbon Pollution from aviation. Greenhouse gas emissions from aircraft are currently responsible for more and 3 of the total United States emissions. This may not seem significant but emissions from the asian is aviation sector, one of the fastestgrowing sources of Greenhouse Gases in the world, also the largest emissions force that is unregulated in the United States. Without regulation, Carbon Pollution from this sector is expected to triple by 2015. Regulation is especially important because of potentially disproportionate Climate Impact of highaltitude Aircraft Emissions. Went emissions are higher in the after, theres a greater impact than at ground level. The United States must take the lead in reducing the mission from aircraft accounting for a large proportion of the worlds aviation remissions leave the United Statess domestic flights account for 24 of the worlds commercial aircraft Carbon Dioxide emissions and 35 of Carbon Dioxide emissions on International Commercial flights. When the epa began analyzing mr. Reduce Carbon Dioxide from aviation in 2008, it estimated Greenhouse Gas reduction available from engineering their frame changes alone at 13. 3 . Despite this, Research Shows 20122013 United States airlines could not make net fuel efficiency gains yet there are plenty of improvements that could be made as evidenced by the fact that theres a gap of 27 from the most police fuelefficient domestic airlines. This indicates the industry is implementing retrofits that are effectively reducing Carbon Dioxide emissions. Epa regulations would force all airlines to adopt similar measures. The epa has Legal Authority under section 231 of the Clean Air Act to address emissions from aircraft. This authority to act is brought. The Clean Air Act requires the epa put forward emissions standards for solutions from any class or classes of aircraft engine deterrence to endanger Public Health. The only substantive restriction placed on this authority is any rules cannot significantly increase noise or hinder safety. That epa first set pollution standards for future existing engines in 1973 but the standards did not address Carbon Pollution. The understanding of the impact and urgency of Climate Change was minimal. Since then the Scientific Evidence of the need to address pollution has become irrefutable. The epa must take this opportunity to the forward new rules to take meaningful action to reduce Global Warming inducing emissions. The United States cannot wait for the International Aviation organization to take action. So far we have only succeeded in delaying action and failed to set climate policies. Icao before its stated in 2016 but they are likely to be incredibly weak and insufficient in part because they will not apply to use aircraft. The epa has Legal Authority and the mission reduction potential exists to meet greater reductions than ikeo is expected to mandate. This endangers Public Health within a month and three months of the, period. Rather isnt focusing only on new aircraft engines, rules that epa puts forward should the existing aircraft and not limit coverage to justin jones but the entire aircraft. Gpa should use its authority to set emission standards for all classes of aircraft, in a way that is technology forcing to assure the greatest Emission Reduction possible. Tp should follow the example it set for passenger and medium heavyduty vehicles and establish fleet wide averages for new and existing aircraft including those in service. The standards must be sufficiently stringent to significantly reduce them for the entire United States aviation sector overtime. Furthermore the epa should work with the federal Aviation Administration to develop complementary standards to promote the use of cotton jet fuel. Thank you for taking time to consider my comments. Good morning. My name is amanda base. Thank you for the opportunity to speak with you today. I have documented aircraft eating trails across the sky. I have taken hundreds of videos and thousands of photographs, many of the aircraft i have witnessed the katie spraying something into the atmosphere. Uneasy with my observations on wanted to know exactly what was causing the aircraft to the trail that did not disagree. I reached out to local, state and federal Government Agencies for information and assistance. What i experienced was disillusioning to say the least. When i called the epa imus will be at a handle Aircraft Emissions. When i called the faa they told me to call but epa. I was shuttled from office to office with no agency ever accepting responsibility or accountability. My calls were not returned to the war were my concerns addressed. The advice i finally received from the epa was to hire a plane and do my own testing. This was especially disheartening since i had been led to believe the Environmental Protection agency was the ultimate protector of the environment. Additionally the epa advised me to contact the department of Environmental Quality for the state of virginia, not surprisingly they informed me they do not regulate mobile sources of the missions, dont go to airports and dont check what is being loaded on planes. As for my request for my yard to be tested for heavy metal, chemical or biological contamination i was told the va deq could not use the money to test for those materials. My complaint was in an area they had no authority to investigate, another did end. I reported naval station, Naval Air Station military jets for dumping fuel over my neighborhood and spoke of the least 30 individuals at the base. I spoke with herod chamberlain, head of the Environmental Office that and she and a. He bluntly informed me the military regulates itself. Needless to say they continue to dump under fuel over residents living close to the base. For several years i electronically reported on airplane pollution using the in mind environmental violations form on epas website, it was referred to me by a federal contractor working for the epa. I have always included my Contact Information and identified specific aircraft that can easily be traced. No one from the epa has investigated many of my formally filed complaints. Since i became interested in the possible dangers of chemical spraying and the environment i have contacted the va pollution control board, National Weather service oceanic and military bases, noaa, nasa, the department of defense, Brookhaven National laboratory, the department of energy, department of homeland security, fear not, the health department, department of travel, countless federal agents and operators, Virginia BeachPolice Department and even the white house, all to know of pale. To date no one from any agency has investigated by complaints. I was told to talk to my local representatives. Every agency i contacted responded to my report by telling me i was being seeing condensation from engine exhausts. Engines exist water vapor but it quickly dissipates. What i was witnessing was persistent and longlasting. How can anyone reasonably conclude that a particular aircraft he mission is merely a country without testing it . That is unscientific and irresponsible. Contrails chemtrails is the term for persistent Aircraft Emissions. There is a Rising International concern about the existence of airtran chemicals by growing body of Scientific Evidence. What is in the air we are breeding . One from california decided to have his hair tested for heavy metals at his own expense. High levels of strontium and barium were uncovered. I have a copy of his lab results that he voluntarily send to me. I will oppose this document on my face book page following this hearing. If this contamination comes from chemical spray, how can we know if local, state and federal agencies refuse to take ownership of the issue to provide testing and usable data and ultimately regulate, the whole burden of investigation cannot rest with the epa. It must be shared with other agencies in congress. However there must be clear lines of authority so the public is informed and protected. The stated purpose of this hearing is to consider the full range of pollution generated by aircraft. The desire for investigation into chemical spraying has become a worldwide phenomenon. We are counting on you as the protectors of the environment to act. No more runaround for citizens deeply concerned about the health of the world and the individuals that inhabit it, thank you. Thank you for the opportunity to speak today. My name is david baake. I am at fellow and attorney at the Natural Resources defense tel. It is the National Nonprofit that represents 300 members nationwide. Administrator mccarthy laid out a powerful case for acting on Climate Change. She said Climate Change is one of the most important issues we face as a country and as citizens of the worlds. It affects everything we know and love. Our kids, our communities, our ability to earn a decent living. Impact our health, safety, livelihood. One thing is crystal clear. Acting on this challenge is a moral responsibility. Administrator mccarthy is right. United states has a moral obligation to rein in dangerous Climate Change with the epa has shown tremendous and admirable leadership going after emissions from cars, trucks and power plants and we need to see the epa exercise the same leadership when it comes to regulating aircraft. Airplanes are the largest unregulated sources Greenhouse Gas emissions in the transportation sector. They are responsible for 11 of transportation sector emissions, 3 of total u. S. Emissions and of 0. 5 of total global emissions and these emissions are skyrocketing. We expect epa expects 50 increase from 2015 to 2035. In light of these fact is indisputable that Aircraft Emissions contribute to endanger Public Health or welfare and the meaning of section 231 and epa should adopt a finding, thereafter epa must take bold action to reduce these dangerous emissions. United states under president obama has agreed to reduce emissions from 26 to 20 between 2005, and 2025. We must make good on this commitment to the joy is our moral responsibility. But as the World Resources institute has shown, we cannot do so without taking meaningful action to reduce Aircraft Emissions. I include a citation in my written comments but w r i has predicted we would need to reduce Aircraft Emissions by 2 to meet that target. Given the air and sea of the Climate Crisis epa should propose standards that go far beyond the options currently being considered. We would welcome Meaningful International standards and encourage epa to continue pushing iko for greater stringency and in particular to encourage coverage of aircraft as others urged epa to do today but given that iko has about the Technology Following standard and ruled out the possibility of regulating existing aircraft is clear that the United States cannot deliver on our commitments if we rubberstamp the Kate Deangelis standards. Epa can and must do more. Fortunately the Clean Air Act provides Clear Authority to rein in aviation elations. As epa recognized in 2008 in advance notice of rulemaking unregulated Greenhouse Gases under the Clean Air Act section 238 of the Clean Air Act authorizes a system that applies to new and existing aircraft. Drawing this authority eta should propose an average system that is stringent to stabilize u. S. Aviation emissions by 2020 consistent with industry commitment and reduce them thereafter. We know this can be done. In 2010 at the request of then senator kerry epa develops a scenario for stabilize Aircraft Emissions at approximately 250 Million Metric Tons per year, approving the white efficiency by 2. 2 to 2015 to twentythird wikipedia gpa noted airlines at improve their fuel efficiency by 2 to 3 per year cant conclude similar improvements would be achievable between 2013 and 2013, to improve operations and new Aircraft Technology including flow technology, lighter air frame and when body design as possible contributors to such reduction. Week of the epa should use this study as a baseline in setting its proposed domestic standards. Finally epa shou