The project and written product. Its my great honor this morning to moderate a discussion here with governor cain and representative hamilton who, of course, served as the chairman and vicechairman of the 9 11 commission. It was a moment of Public Service by them and to this is irregular. And their contribution the continuing to the present day, and here we are. Good morning. Good morning, tom and chris and the others. Im delighted to be with you. Great. Go ahead, tom. Great to have you and i might say those of you who dont know, a very modest man, but chris was number two on the staff to help get the staff together and get that written. More than hes probably ever received or going to receive. Thank you very much. Look, i think that we thought there would still be a terrorist threat. We werent smart in you have to predict, ap i thought we would and before i start any program we pay tribute to the families, the families of 9 11 have been the most Extraordinary Group and taken the greatest tragedy that could come in anybodys life and turned it into the triumph and progress and would help other families and other people every single minute since their own tragedy. I was with the Largest Organization of families last week and still raising funds for people and children in trouble. Lee and i have have never testified without one of them. The report wouldnt have been done without them and the family as a group helps us in the fight against terrorism. Lee and i would both like to pay tribute to them before we go further. Yeah, i think terrorism has always been there, always been there in history, you know. In london there was catholic terrorism. And they tried to blow up the parliament. Terrorists assassinated a United States president. Terrorists assassinated the grand duke of austria and started world war i. They didnt have the technology and power that the new generation has given us, that the internet has given them, like skype and that has given them. That makes it a great danger. Terrorism was around, but i dont think we could have known the extent of the problem we were dealing with. Lee. Chris, your question is exactly the question thats on the minds, i believe, of most americans. And the war against terrorism, and for a long time, 16 years, spent a lot of money, a lot of reorganization of government and in many ways, national security. And yet, as jason reminded us in his opening comments, terrorism is still alive and well. So, how can that be . And why arent we making more progress . Thats the big question now. With regard to the 9 11 commission and your question specifically, tom is right on target as he usually is. We said there were two enemies, one was al qaeda and the other was a terrorist extremist movement. We anticipated that this would be a generational struggle. I think it goes far beyond the 16 years. So, i think the 9 11 commission had it pretty well sized up. Certainly we could not indicate the details of it. Terrorism is an adaptive, evolutionary movement and we have to be prepared to be in it for the long haul. I dont think we are close to seeing the end of terrorism. So, the struggle goes on. And it will be at least generation generational. Okay, thank you, lee. Id like your response and toms here, that would be with respect to the response of the u. S. Government. You know, weve done a lot of things since 9 11 and yet, its been said that governments just dont do very well combatting an ideology. So, how do you size up the government response, mr. 9 11 to the present day . Well, you know, in many ways its been pretty darn good. Weve spent a lot of money, a lot of people, including members of congress, and leaders in this fight. And weve basically prevented any major 9 11 type attacks on the homeland and thats the big accomplishment because they want to kill us. They want to hurt us as badly as they can, so, the effort is to attack the United States and weve prevented that, on the other hand, we havent been so successful on our allies, major attacks in Great Britain and france and recently spain. As long as theyre alive and attacking our allies and metastasizing or spreading around the world so as the congressman mentioned theyre in the philippines on the largest island, in indonesia, and going around the horn of africa and spreading in that way, were in danger and so, unless we really find a way to start decreasing, rather than letting it spread, this very strong, strong extreme form one of the worlds religions, there will be trouble in the homeland. As we said in the 9 11 report, a Generational Program and were going to have to treat it that way, and attack it where it lifts not just with troops in the ground with other means to hopefully, eventually destroy it. Impatient with the progress we have made, and the way we still have to go. Tom, of course, is right in pointing out that we have made considerable progress and i think the most important metric of that is how weve prevented casualties in this country. Having said that, we have not yet put together the kind of rigorous, effective, powerful, counterterrorism comprehensive strategy that i would like to see. There are a lot of parts to that. We want to etenuate the companies that prompt terrorism, thats a huge effort in and of itself. We want to protect the homeland, i think weve done very well there. We want to eliminate terrorists. Weve done a lot, but they still keep coming. Weve got to sharpen our own message. This is a war of ideas and of ideology and weve got a wonderful story to tell, american values, good government, the superiority of our ideology over the ideology of our opponents is apparent if we just get that message out and one area that i think we need to work on vigorously is enlisting good muslims to help us in our strategy. If were going to impact the bad muslims, and their very, very small minority of the total muslim religion most of which is peaceful and wonderful people, but if were going to make progress with that small minority of muslims to advocate violence, then weve got to enlist the good Muslim Community who will have more effect on the bad muslims than we can have as nonmuslims. So, we have to enlist those people in an ideological battle. And the final point id make here is the ordinary citizen in this country, it was the shoe bomber that was stopped by Airline Passengers in the first instance, not even first responders. Its accounts when we say if you see something, say something, so the role of the citizen has to be sharpened as well. Bottom line in all of this, weve got the outlines of the comprehensive strategies to deal with terrorism. Weve got the resources to do it. Weve got a lot of good people working on it. We made a lot of progress, but weve got to sharpen and make far more effective a comprehensive strategy than we have. Well, thank you, lee. Youve really spoken to, really, what my next question would be, is, you know, so whats missing from our effort. Youve spelled that out in considerable detail and id just like to ask tom if youd like to comment on what lee presented and what additional you might one of the nice things, lee and i always think along the same track and he always says what i want to say before i get to say it and i do the opposite to him. Anyway, the 9 11 report was a snapshot in time. If you read that report its an indictment of the United States government, failures in department after department of the congress and two president s, to anticipate the problems of 9 11 and prevent them. So, thats that was the 9 11 report and we made 41 recommendations how to change a lot of that, and majority majority have been implemented. And the problem is you should periodically reassess the threat and find out if were still on the right track. And im not sure weve done that to the extent that we intended because at least every three or four years, five years anyway, we should look at it and how has it changed . Whats been successful and what hasnt been successful, if its not successful, why is it not successful and how can we change our approach. And i think thats been lacking because, look, weve had success and thats great and huge in the territories these people occupy. We should you should never allow as you once did in afghanistan, our enemies had a place to plot and plan and they cant have a safe space to plan another attack at 9 11. Theyre getting safe spaces around the world and weve got to worry about that. What are we doing wrong . What can we do new . And thats the reason, frankly, thanks to the Bipartisan Center and the wonderful staff we were able to get together the group of bright people to look at this. How are we succeeding . How are we failing . What can we do differently . What are we missing . How can we get to a long track of a win against these very, very bad people . Okay. Well, i think at this point weve got a very good exhibition of the content of the report, the views of the chair and vicechair and i think its time to open it up for questions. There are different manifestations of it. If you ask people in the Muslim Brotherhood if they are terrace, they say no, we are peaceful. In some areas they are and in some areas they are not. Its a group of people who have an ideology who can be used for terrace purposes so its not as clear as designating other organizations around the world thing we are terrorists, we want to kill people. The Muslim Brotherhood, as i understand it, does not say that in a broad area. In some countries where they are acting like terrorists and other ways they are not. There are people honored task force that no so much more about the Muslim Brotherhood than i do. There are wonderful people we have that know the brotherhood very, very well. Maybe one of them would like to say something. We have some real experts on muslim and islam and that would be a good question to put the them. My questions are the same as toms, the Muslim Brotherhood as i understand it is a very broad group that has a lot of people in it that are excellent muslims, peaceful muslims, admirable on all aspects. It also has some aspects of the group that advocate violence. The advocacy of violence is what we have to really target. We dont want to target lost muslims. The people we are after are not only people who advocate violence but who act on that view and thats where ideology comes in. I must say i would defer to some of the experts because i know they have studied that group in great detail. All i would add is to point out in the executive summary, toward the last paragraph or two that the key hint is not what people believe, they may believe things very different than what we believe in western democracy. The key is advocacy and action on behalf of violence. That is the point of differentiation where we do become very concerned. Next question. My name is jan and i have the fortune early in my career to work for governor kane in his Washington Office and subsequently, post 911, i have the misfortune to run a Large Communications network and Cyber Security operation. My question is, following up on the chairmans comments earlier today, the telecommunications have been encouraged in dialogue but has anyone brought this issue to icon, the Internet Corporation for names and numbers for the internet . Thats a body of Electrical Engineering geniuses who get together on a regular basis. I know their next meeting is the end of october in abu dhabi. To ask them to focus their attention on what Technical Solutions can be developed to uto disrupt the communications now that such an international issue. Has anyone engage them . I dont know. It sounds like a wonderful idea and something we should be doing, but i dont know. I really dont know. The liaison federal organization, if theres anyone here. It does strike me that that is a big problem. They use modern technology and the internet. I know Many Companies said they will be careful about free speech because of their Business Model for the rest of the world. After charleston i heard some the company say we are going to keep those neonazis off the internet. I thought terrific, what about saying were going to keep the terrorists off the internet. If they can do one they can do the other. Thank you if tom doesnt know the answer, i dont either. Okay, i think we have time for one last question. I work for the school for ethics and Global Leadership in d. C. I work with a lot of students who might be asking what their role can be in all of this. My question for you is what should the role of the citizen be in counterterrorism, and what can we do. Thats a wonderful question. Given the kind of world we live in right now, the citizen is the most important person. As the chairman said and hes absolutely right, its not going to be the fbi agent for the cia whos going to defect the next terrorist plot. It really is a. Its going to be a local cop, for instance when the guy tried to blow up times square, there were more policeman in times square than anywhere else in the world. You would think a policeman would disrupt it. It wasnt. It was a street member that solve the problem and called the police and got back i rested. And so, the most important thing is the line of medications from the local police, from the citizen, what if you see something wrong and he reported to the policeman for a local official. Is there a truck line where that goes right up to somebody who can take action right away. The government is working on that to strengthen those communications so that its one smooth wine and its the citizens who really see something thats wrong or not normal and does it that will save a lot of lives. They are our first and most important line of defense. And so, id tell your students that. They are so very important in this whole effort. Its important for students to understand why this is importan important, why this can be lifesaving and why its such a danger and why terrorism becomes even more destructive than its ever been before and how the first line of defense is the citizen who report something they see and hopefully then will be organized enough in government and theres someone who can take action to prevent that from happening. The citizen has to be informed about the threat of terrorism, which we have said the citizen has to be alert. In my mind, rather than answer your question to the most serious threat that probably confronts the United States citizen and that is the radicalized individual, how do we identify the person who is not only radicalized in their thinking, expressing a view or an ideology solely opposed to our views and our values. How do we identify that kind of a person becoming radicalized to the point of wanting to use violence. The person most likely to identify the person is not a washington d. C. , its in the neighborhood and its in the group of which the radicalized person is a member of. That is the point of tom making that the citizen has to be alert to that. So i believe the citizens role is absolutely crucial in many ways, but particularly in the task of identifying the person who becomes radicalized and is prepared to act on that radical ideology to use violence. Their role is essential, critical, and probably more important than other roles that we think about. Let me repeat again that the shoe bomber was caught by an alert citizen and we have to have citizens who are alert to identify who in my group, who in my associations with many people with whom i interact is going to be radicalized and moved to violence. The citizen is the key to making that identification. I think thats exactly the right place to end. The citizen is the key. All of you, all of us. Governor kane, congressman hamilton, thank you so much for this conversation and your work in spearheading the report that is before us today. Thank you. [applause] thank you for being with us today. Thank you for your leadership over the many years on this topic and doing it in such a civil and friendly way, the example that you set has really been tremendous, especially for the bipartisan policy center. We want to thank the other Commission Members and staff here with us today and be mindful of the jampacked schedule that we have today. I want to transition to our next panel as governor kane said, its important to every once in a while reassess the nature of the threat and as the chairman said, even as the caliphate is collapsing, the threat persists. To discuss with that threat looks like going forward, what we can expect from isis, al qaeda and other groups, and what the prospects for further radicalization are given conditions on the ground. We have an expert panel today. I will go in alphabetical order which might not be quite