Post a comment on our Facebook Page, facebook. Com booktv. If you all for being here i am Tim Henderson director of i would like to briefly encourage you all if you have not done so, to support the southern festival. Which we keep free and open to the public every year and have done so for 29 years. By making a donation to the festival. You can do that online humanities tennessee. Org are our Facebook Page or in person on the plaza at the headquarters done by union avenue. We appreciate your support and appreciate you all being here this morning. A very quick note about the q a portion of todays events. You should be holding an index card if you have a question that you like to ask. If you would pass those towards the end of the aisle, someone will come by and collect those cards and they will be used for q a afterwards. This time, i would like to welcome this mornings guests. Bruce barry is her vantage and where he teaches courses in ethics, Public Policy and negotiations. Is the author of book on the First Amendment and in relation to employment which he discussed at the festival when it was published as well as three books on negotiation. He is presently their return chief of Business Ethics quarterly, a leading International Academic journal of professional ethics. Former Vice President al gore is the cofounder. Senior partner at and member of Apple Incorporated board of directors. He spends the majority of his time as the chairman of the climate reality project. A nonprofit dedicated to solving the climate process. He was elected to the us house of representatives in 1976, 78, 80, 82 for u. S. Senate in 1984 and 1990. Inaugurated as the 45th Vice President of the United States on january 20, 1993 when he served for eight years. He is the author of the bestsellers, earth and the balance and Inconvenient Truth, the assault on reason, our choice, a plan to solve the Climate Crisis and most vaguely, the future six drivers of global change. He is the subject of an oscarwinning documentary, an Inconvenient Truth and the new film which premiered in july, an inconvenient sequel, truth to power. He is the club recipient with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2007 Nobel Peace Prize for informing the world of the dangers posed by Climate Change. Please join me now and welcoming to the southern festival of books, bruce barry and al gore. [applause] good morning, thank you [applause] thank you, good morning. [applause] thank you very much. Hello everyone and thank you for the introduction. I believe that he explained about how we are taking questions, they are cards that can be given to humans that will deliver them to me and i will have questions as your point. Questions that the handwriting cannot be read is unlikely to be posed. [laughter] i will be happy to interpret those. There we go [laughter] the book is an inconvenient sequel, the companion book to the film. I want to say a couple of things. First of all, for those who have not seen the film, when it was in theaters, it may still be in some purity become available through digital purchase earlier this month and i believe it is october 24 it becomes available for digital rentals and various Screening Services and also dvd and bluray on that day. I also want to mention, als other book, the assault on reason. A new yorkers times bestseller, there is a new addition that has a newly written preface and conclusion. We may say a few words about that in the course of the conversation. Let me start in this way. I want to start by asking the kind of okay, what has changed in 10 years questions is the first so we can spend hours on the facility from this a little more narrowly. You build the film and the book around three big questions. Must we change, can we change, will we change . Have the answers to those questions changed . In the past 10 years . First of all groups, thank you very much for doing this event. And thank you all ladies and gentlemen for coming to be a part of it. If i may, i would like to acknowledge the president of our absolutely fantabulous mayor who is here somewhere. [applause] she looks vaguely familiar. Will i have had the privilege of developing a personal friendship with bruce and megan. May i say, all of us hold you guys in our hearts and are so proud of you in reaching out to you and all of that. May god bless you. Your question, what has changed . In the last 11 years, since an Inconvenient Truth was published, there have been a lot of changes. But there were two big ones worth noting. One is bad and when is good. The climate related extreme weather events have obviously become way more severe and when more frequent. Aces and regular basis every night on the t. V. News is like a nature hike to the book of revelations. And im kind of reluctant to use that line these days because i mean it really is true and we have had these three huge hurricanes combined losses as high as 350 billion. Not to mention the lives lost. And now today, 17 fires raging out of control and this is a Northern California and other fires around the west. I was in the body yesterday for a Renewal Energy conference and they have had their fires and real tragedy involved. It is connected to the climate. There are other factors involved. But the baseline is that the hotter the temperature, the drier the vegetation and soil. And the more fires there are. By the way, as the temperature warms, there were lightning strikes for each degree. These fire they think were probably ignited by powerlines but i dont know that they decided that. But the hurricanes, in a hurricane harvey, it dumped as much water. Anyone here been to Niagara Falls . The biggest balls in north america. Quite an impressive sight. Think about the full flow of Niagara Falls. For 500 days. That is how much water fell on texas and louisiana in the trailing parts of the storm. Five feet of rain, 60. 5 inches of rain in part of texas. And, i dont want to get sidetracked on this but anyway, the first big and by the way, the same week that houston was going to do that and of course puerto rico is still suffering, the caribbean islands and key west and gainesville and vero beach both got once in a thousand year rainfall from hurricane irma. Nobody noticed that in the same week that houston was going through this, they were 10 times as many People Killed in south asia by historic downpours there. Today, this morning in vietnam, historic downpours, scores of People Killed. This is a global phenomenon. In the last decade, it has gotten significantly worse than scientists had predicted. But the second big change is a very helpful change. And balancing bad news with the hopeful news is part of what this book is all about. We have seen, a Technology Cost down curve. Everybody knows about computers get choices powerful every two years or so because of the breakthroughs in technology. Turns out that solar energy is like that. There was wind energy. Now solar electrical vehicles, leds and the efficiency improvements. The world is in the early stages of a sustainability revolution. That has the magnitude of the Industrial Revolution but the speed of the digital revolution. And with the internet of things and we in our civilization not me, but the technologists and engineers are learning how to manage atoms and molecules with the same precision that they demonstrated they can use to manage bits of information. And it is changing things dramatically. Commission emissions have started this downward trend. We are going to win this. But the remaining question is whether we will win it in time to reduce the risk to an acceptable level that we will cross some point of no return. As it is a dangerous race between hope and catastrophic consequences that we are created. Put another hundred and 10 million tons of manmade global warning up into the sky every day using it as an open sore and skies very thin. You can drive a car a normal speed straight up you would your dumping all of this trapping gases. Its as much everyday as would be released of 400,000 on atomic bombs exploding every four hours. Let me jump in here because i coming across the entire hour. It is tempting to do so. I just had a cup of coffee. Im sorry. [laughter] you mentioned the good news is this technological revolution. Part of the information you make in the book and movie is that the United States is not much part of the revolution as it needs to be. Why is, i can find poll data says 70 or 80 percent of americans say that the last should be a Global Leader on this issue. And yet thomas we are not on that. In our global civilization, since the conclusion of world war ii, the rest of the world has come to expect leadership from the United States. Andrew had made our share of mistakes. But in the main, we have stood for the universally applied principle that people should be free and the economical, political, religious freedom is not the condition of humanity every create the conditions. And we have been a force for good. But where climate is concerned, we have had a series of setbacks to damage the ability of the United States to leave this global revolution. We are still in there because State Government because a lot of cities around the country providing tremendous leadership. California, nevada, washington state. I could go right down the list and by the way, even the president announced withdrawal from the paris agreement, the first date upon which i can legally occur happens to be the first day after the next president ial election. [applause] i do not want to make this partisan because im under no illusion that there are not a few people that are supporting donald trump here. But if we have a new president excuse me. [laughter] but if we have a new president , then a new president to simply give 30 days notice and we are back in. And regardless of what President Trump does, we in the United States are on track to exceed the agreement that we made in the paris agreement. And this is actually shifted some of the leadership to the World Community as a whole. As for Donald Trumps announcement, the only two countries in the world that are not formally still committed are the United States and syria. Good company, isnt it . That was sarcastic, im sorry. [laughter] china and india. China is the biggest source of the pollution. India will soon be the third. They were both on track to significantly outdo the commitments that they make. In the agreement, they have announced by 2022 there will need no new coalfired plants. Their expanding solar electricity to 175 gigawatts which is amazing. They have announced that within only 13 years, 100 percent of all of the new cars and trucks in india will have to be electric vehicles. That is outdoing france and united kingdom. They are really moving. China, the year before the paris agreement, former president obama and president xi have an agreement and china has, they have been going down with coal usage. We are still hanging in there. But we could do so much more and it would be so good for us. Solar jobs in the United States are now growing 17 times faster than all other jobs in the economy on average. The number one Fastest Growing occupation is it would be a great opportunity it will provide more leadership. Spoke about the role of the business sector. You mentioned indias commitment with electric vehicles in the years to come. There were announcements a couple of weeks ago by General Motors and ford, two of the biggest automakers here. Introducing 33 new electric models and making pledges about the degree to which their fleet will not reliant internal combustion in the next five or seven years. Those are good steps, i assume. I also gather from the book and the film that you are quite cynical about you on this. Especially which they are not, this is the vehicle industry. Are these real steps . What they really make a difference with the automakers with a announcing . I do not view myself as cynical about american industry. I am cynical about the actions taken by most of the remaining Coal Companies and several of the oil companies, particularly exxon mobil which has been financing they and some others took, they adopted the playbook of the tobacco industry. Back when the Surgeon General linked smoking cigarettes and lung cancer and other diseases. They hired actors and adjust them up as doctors and put them in front of cameras and teleprompters to say im a dr. And you dont have to worry. In 100 Million People die. They have hired many of the same pr agent and im very cynical about that. But industry as a whole and business as a whole, i really think they are moving. The number of businesses that have made a commitment to 100 percent Renewable Energy, recycling, responsible environmental stewardship, it is really pretty inspiring. And by the way, many of you here are among the group that deserves credit for that because when they have customers telling them, they will take their business somewhere else unless they align their values with what many of us believe, that is making a difference. And when they go to hire new employees, this new generation is not only different from my generation but way different. They want a good paycheck but they want to work for company that shares their values and gives them affiliate there about thing larger than only making profit. And the sustainability revolution i referred to earlier, it is really taking hold in the Business Community industry and the investor community. Investors are now shifting money out of fossil fuels toward renewables. Last year, if you look at all of the new Electricity Generating capacity that was put in place, 75 percent of it is solar and wind. 0. 2 percent is whole. About 1 4 is natural gas which is been displaced with renewables but now because this Cost Reduction because renewables continues downward, solar is beating natural gas in these bathos that utilities are having. There was a contract signed two weeks ago for 1. 7 cents per kilowatt an hour. Three contracts for 2. 4 kilowatt hours. If you dont speak kilowatts, that is happily electricity them burning coal. How do you know the psychology of the companies in this country. Under the impression there more progressive in europe. How do you know the psychology of the people reading these firms . Is the horse out of the barn . Are they just keeping their blinders on and staying locked in the barn . Flexible, i think theyre in a quiet panic. I think that they realize they are facing and existential crisis. Have a product that is used and intended and sufficient volumes and poses a threat to the survival of human civilization. And as the realization spreads around the world, they are facing a real crisis. The european and Asian Companies are ahead of the us. And shifting their business plans. It is difficult for an oil company to become every notable energy company. And cultures dont change that quickly. You are an expert at that over the old school. So i cant tell you about it but i am skeptical that they will be among the leaders in Renewable Energy but they are trying. And but, i think that they are really worried. In the investor community, there is a phrase stranded assets. Which means maybe speaks for itself, if youre holding asset that is in danger suddenly losing its value, then that is think of the subprime mortgage crisis. We had 7 and a half million mortgages given to people that cannot make the monthly payment, cannot make a down payment but the banks decided if we just lump them all together and sell them into the global marketplace, all of that will disappear. Well, not so much. And when people realize that they were worthless, that is what triggered the crisis of the credit crisis and what followed. And we have subprime assets on the books of multinational you know saudi arabia. Just yesterday, pull back on its proposal for an ipo of because people are saying, what . These assets are going to lose their value. The first to lose its value is coal. With the coal industry in the us and globally, it has logged 90 percent of its market in the last decade. The infernal tar sands in canada are next on the chopping bucket some big investors are putting out of there. Oil is mainly sold into the liquid fuel market before gas line and diesel and jet fuel. That is where the electric vehicle revolution really matters to the oil industry. Denmark and norway have announced a ban on gasoline and diesel carl by 2025. India by 2030. Paris by 2030, even germany, where the Auto Industry began, and Angela Merkel so thats where were heading. Every automobile manufacturer in the world is at someplace on this curve moving heavily and to electric vehicles. So the handwriting is on the wall for these companies. What they have done is take some of their revenue stream each year to finance this climate denial and phony science to try and plant. In the publics mind. It was a spectacle the mercha