Director of Public Program here at the New York Public Library known as five from the New York Public Library. Im delighted to welcome you. Last week we had the great pleasure to discuss the state stateoftheart tick and programs including late of the season in december of conversation with naomi klein. That he believed the change in polluter world. They happen to know each other well. Im thrilled to welcome the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize winner, Mohammad Yunus and the author of the world of three zeros, the new economics of zero poverty, zero unemployment, and zero carbon emissions. The book you assign after his conversation with Jeffrey Sachs. Im also thrilled to welcome jeffrey back to the stage. Last time he spoke was in 2009 with a conversation moderate her by charlie rose. In 2007 he spoke for the first time here with newt gingrich. Its always a pleasure to welcome him back. I dont know why applause there. But somehow i cannot quite believe that did in fact happen, but commented. Here we are. Tonight, i like to thank andrea and whitney who helped to make this evening happen. As always, my gratitude for the generation of the support of life from the new york public libraries, im dearly grateful. Many of you know for the last several years of us might guess to give me a biography of themselves in seven words. Interestingly sometimes i get two words, sometimes a tour 11, even at times i get seven words. In the case of Mohammad Yunus i got three words. Micro finance and social business. In the case of Jeffrey Sachs i got seven words. Teacher, researcher, advisor, advocate, beggar for its dg. Please welcome them both. [applause] [applause] now, we have proof there is progress. 2007, newt gingrich, 2070, Mohammad Yunus. [applause] from a ridiculous to the sublime. Im very excited to be with you and thrilled to talk about your new book, we were together last week at the united nations, both sustainable advocates we are both in that business as well begging for some attention to this. Your friend a book called the world of three zeros. I thought it was a book about u. S. Politics at first. But it is far more uplifting. The new economics of zero poverty, zero unemployment, and zero and carbon emissions. How do we do it . Give a glimpse. Basically its the question the way workers be more concentrated more and more. There is a concentration of wealth but many people are not aware that is getting bigger and bigger for a smaller number people. Its worrisome because it creates a ridiculous kind of world. You can call it an economy anymore. In the past in our textbooks and so on we talked about the champagne class theres so much of wealth first such a small percentage of people. And i feel like it doesnt really even fit into the picture is basically a growing thing. Its like a huge mushroom getting more huge and controlled by fewer pure people. The stem that comes out so this is not acceptable way and distractible way the worry thing is that mushroom is continuously getting bigger. This is sort of a ticking time bomb. They cannot continue like that. The pentup anger at the bottom some will explode and youll see the politics and social relationships with people, youll see it in the daily life of people, and really i was shocked by the brexit, almost like that kind of thing happening say we dont want anyone from Eastern Europe to commit. Theyre taking our income in our jobs, people at the bottom are complete because they dont know that they are struggling, losing jobs. The blaming outsiders. Theyre not looking at the real subject, that created brexit with unheard of situation where they should be getting together and today there islands distinguishing from other european countries. Although be inside. Until the real subject which is the economic machine that you build the language sucking up everything in its passing on fewer and fewer to people. So looking for what are the ways to solve that problem. So talking about distributing to the poor who would be texting them because when you control all the wealth you can troll the power to. Its a concentration of all of the power. So you control the power from the government. So youre asking government and you will make sure that there are 101 ways to explain that. And here we have a cabinet filled with billionaires planning their next tax cut. So that is kind of depressing situation. Luckily years the missing perception of human beings. Also the selfless interest, selfish interest. If you think human beings present both disinterest than the economic world so sensitive presents when it became more and more significant. And it turns into greed. It turns into avoiding all the other. So i would say bring in this senseless interest into the marketplace and say that we could do this to solve problems. Simply to solve problems in the common feature, none of them met have created to make money for me or anyone else. Well see more more of them and then we can start solving problem only social business, getting came from my own experience. Now we have 9 million in bangladesh then we see their children we help them to go to school get an education though i dont have a job what you do, what is the solution. Then they started say why are you looking for a job, im not a job seeker, job creator. The syndicate your mother, if 9 million illiterate women can start a business with lots of 30 or 40, while these education and all this knowledge you want to wait for somebody else, why dont you just go back to your mother to learn from her. So now we create this and asking people to come with Business Ideas. If you dont have Business Ideas going talk to your mother. She is the inhouse expert to tell you you can make it ten or 50 times bigger because she didnt have that capacity. Some of these young people are coming. And then the second one is directing human beings. Said human beings are not born to work think that the born to be a Problem Solver we are hunters and gatherers, this is her history. We did send job applications when were in the caves. So i said thats her history. If you put this into the picture, suddenly the question doesnt look as it does now and create a world of completely different all the problems that you see with poverty and unemployment. Unemployment is its own work to begin. If youre not looking for unemployment there is no unemployment. Someday years later when three zeros or publish. We have to get to the third zero. They talk about the huge problem, course its a huge problem. Its not just Big Companies to do it they have to do it. The pc will buy things which are greed like file my own choice i can buy this or if youre not quite sure what theyve done i would stay out of it. [inaudible] i want to make a life for myself in a way, doesnt have any other life. So im okay but someone in some other country like bangladesh could be washed away with the feds and so on and talking about their Climate Strategy and its not possible to see what they were so we can do that. Also the same time we can see it in a number of social businesses and justifications. The same time they do that in bangladesh to simply be a, we create a business and start selling we tell the villagers whatever money spent every month, give that money to us. Several years back we became the Largest Energy system in the world because nobody else is doing it. So it is done in a way that it makes sense to people is really paying for the kerosene. The theres other things that you can do, every country it grows. Only 2 of force are left in haiti, this 2 will disappear in the future. Twenty years or 25 years 25 of the force there. It may not bring money right away, but you are not insistent it can be done in a sustainable way. This if you take off your glasses with dollar signs than he can see the world. The moment you put it on or take it off you see enormous opportunity to sell problems. You reminded me when he talked to these wall street folks, im sure theres some here, i went to a Hedge Fund Conference that i found to be amazing in this mindset issue because there is a clever money manager on stage discussing how his portfolio works. He was talking about Foreign Policy in crisis between this country and that country. For me i was getting into the this story and wondered how we would get the diplomats there and maybe it would be a crisis and he said therefore its absolutely necessary to short the and no matter what it came down to dollars. And it takes a certain kind of genius like that. On an economist, you cant to that. So, you mentioned that you have a Venture Capital fund for social business, how does that work, puts money in . How do Something Like this get started . This sounds like a wonderful idea but it reminds me a little bit of the very famous line of gandhi when he was asked what do you think of western civilization and he said, it would be a good idea. So, when you think of selfless economics, be nice, but who is going to do it . How would Something Like this work . Is this, i beg for a living so im happy to beg always, should we be begging nor is there a systems approach, how could Something Like this not only take off because clearly you started a lot of social businesses and we meet people all the time who want to do wonderful things, but it is not often not simple to find the resources my wife, sonja we beg for Community Health workers and people are able to say no even though when you tell them is saving lives and crucial. So how to do it . This is another part of the book, looking for the answer, when theyre talking about the social business nobodys interest if youre not making money, i said well, its because the only thing ever heard was making money your mine is about making money, you dont understand anything else, but if you take off those classes then you can see there is another thing. Making money and is making other people happy, if you see that it will come to you, im not asking for you to come and help them move on with your life, saying youd be changing yourself saying something is one thing when big businesses are paying attention they get suspicious, maybe something will happen. What did i do wrong . Is a wonderful problem. Theyre not alone and that in any country youll see that proportion of halfandhalf. We are looking for what problem we have gone through many options. Live finally the ideas to create a special kind of deal and create the company but in order to solve the problem how do you do that . You put all the micronutrients. [inaudible] to make money to start at a many frills so that people can be attracted to that, and asked to pay a higher price. So we created that and we still want to reduce the cost of production we did as much as we could. But the Marketing Strategies in the cities of the supermarket the work it price, and we make a lot of money at that. The we would use this money so as the cost of production and we would engage the women in the villages to go door to door. So that it would become very popular. Thats one model but it led to many other things. Other countries became like soup. Like middle school food they provide the soup another country in columbia libido is a sugar cream based drink sugarcane is sweet so why dont we use this idea, make it fortified vanilla and the servant in schools and children try to drink they would be drinking this water. Anyway, so this is the fortified vanilla that doesnt cost much. Were using this is a technique so this is a social business idea. Many like a fry a canadian company. A familyowned company. What can we do . I didnt know much about it, if you need to french fry anywhere in the world. 60 of the market we cover in the whole world so we worked with them to create a special business in columbia so farmers get more out of them. It got into their head, started seeing the is. Never saw this opportunity they are. 6 , they dont pick up. It does not fit as well. Now that we begin social interest, trying to help people, we decided to do social business in france, and create this one implement, and hire unemployed young people in france, to make potato soup. So this became very popular. 50 , right away. For the simple reason they are in shape. And on the other side and this bonus is livable. Another supermarket, they play for it. Very interesting, to underscore with, it was about looking for profit. It is the opposite search for profit, the cost of competition, a crazy experiment, Healthcare Systems and all the other high income world based on private motive and half of it, and the same exact services delivery, paying thousands of dollars per person per year, a crazy thing, it is a run on a noncommercial, it is run on making the market work better, and the mindset is definitely part of it if you have the capacity to exploit market power which companies do. It is an illustration not only for that. Going across. This new social Business Company making a small packet ready to cook business. And you know the shape. There is no way you can hate them anymore. I hope everybody is taking notes not only on how to cook soup but also Critical Thinking of all the missing indices making the world. And right away. And we started the small program, and Never Working in this country and it works beautifully. And 20 grounds in the United States and other cities. We have over 100 million thousand farmers, all women and they received nearly 1 billion, 100 , 6 and so on. To know this is happening, all the branches one of the things we tried to do, these people dont get healthcare. Even after obamacare they are disconnected from the system because the system is not carrying them. Social business, healthcare system, everyone is taking care of each other and have full systems in place. If it is a systemic level, have the health care program, no reason, healthcare is provided almost posthumously, if you bring your technology, the possibility of this, the commercial interest will not make it happen. Can become a source of the healthcare system, all the healthcare possible for that and this is delivered at home as we talk about Artificial Intelligence to remove people from work, if you put Artificial Intelligence in the Healthcare Program you dont need the sensibilities of access. It is a question of your mind, which direction you are looking at. That is what i am trying to explain. The focus of looking at this, realizing that i can bring all the Creative Power and business power to sample this problem. That is why i keep saying it is possible to have no poverty and unemployment, so what i was explaining, it is not something you can convince, i am not convinced, personal i was asking you because i am not familiar with this. I asked what kind of business you do. Do you like french fries . 60 of the french fry we supply, and in that french fry. Those companies, the most companies, Business Ideas to solve problems and initially a small one and it can grow now because it is a business. Most peoples problem. And evil side, and and a lot of businesses have no idea what is needed, what is happening in their society. I went to a notforprofit, i wont mention who would wear it, the big change of Health Providers to the cfo, talked about a way to address, in the environment of this hospital complex. Not a private hospital. A lot of medicaid patients, we are not interested in building up that line of business but that is the hospital in the neighborhood. The technology, all these problems can be handled how to make more money for shareholders, you run your business, they make the shareholders more money. Social business and how to create business to solve the problem. You started some of those. How are you doing . Years before meetings and contacted by one of the leading universities in the country. Either university. They want to see that kind of thing in a business school. They are looking for ways to change it. Young people with positions, all i can do is get a job and serve the company and a good home and car and so on but so much power with technology in their hand, they can do anything they want as big as they want, and helping to become richer than you were yesterday, and been taught so our Education System has to be designed with all options on the table, identified or office, and to accept all human beings the way i am sitting poorly, why do i say that . I see it again and again, any bank, millions all over the world, it started with us, heartbeat and heartbeat, familiar with the business world, and and in the beginning, what are we doing in schools . Inculcate those kinds of feelings, people are looking for that. Hire institutions doing that and looking forward and social business competitions, global competitions, dont even have the money for this. The power behind this, a bright idea, many people say this is and a simple story. On both sides achieving this in bangladesh in 2005, and half 1 billion in the companys bank account, done under half 1 billion, this is but we waited and waited and started writing him letters, give us some time. Been there done that. They cannot do the investment in this company because it is up front. Shareholders give you the money, violating the mandate, the letter to shareholders of 3000 before any general meeting, did very well, a company in bangladesh, total Business Company to solve the problem, half 1 million, and and to invest, up to you, not the exact words, 90 of shareholders, 35 million needed on half 1 million. It created the second problem, employees all around the world, protested very strongly, do you consider yourself a secondclass citizen, to participate in bangladesh and never thought about it is if you dont matter. The company was forced to write a letter to the employees, 30 million europeans so 65 millions. Now wh