Talks about strategy and readiness and live coverage on cspan2. Ensure the freedom for freedom for all nations. The challenges facing the 21st century neighbor have never been greater and is a formidable press are there are those who would argue the greatest challenge or nations navy has come from our own congress over the decade of continuing resolutions and physical restraints of budget has had a cumulative effect of degrading the capacity a space ability of the u. S. Navy. In light of these increased complex Maritime Security environments and the recent release of National Defense strategy those discussions cannot be more timely today. As a tired submariner myself really honored to be able to post this today. I too was a physics major and we share another common in our history that the admiral talked about. John richardson graduated from the Naval Academy in 1992 with a bachelors degree in physics. He earned a masters degree from mit and National Security strategy for work college. He served on numerous suffering committed us lulu and was awarded the vice admiral award first time. Thank you. Welcome everybody. Thanks so much. [applause] i want to thank him for that generous instruction when we go way back. As tom alluded to we go back to the Naval Academy so pick majors i copied toms pagers favors lot and we wrote together. A lot of time staring at each other back at each others hea heads. Tom, also want to thank you foundation for being so flexible with our schedule and put incidents together. I will tell you what. In terms of there are as i have said a couple other times they go in three categories and get a lot of invitations and remarkable for a visitation and there are some that you dont want to do and you just say and then there are some that youd rather not do we probably have to do ccs reluctantly but that there are some that you shop around for that you want to do and this is one of those. I am eager to be here and i want to blast and im looking from the crowd and theres people who know as much or more about naval strategy than i do in the crowd and they want to get to my remarks as quickly as possible to get to the questionandanswer period which i think will be a lot of fun. Again its a pleasure and pledged to be here at heritage and the foundation itself has just a Firm Reputation for supporting National Security in the navy, in particular. To start before i get into my remarks about just a quick Operational Update as i speak to you now my brief this morning showed that we have 92 ships deployed in the United States navy today and about 60000 little more than 60000 sailors deployed that includes two underweight Carrier Strike groups and the Ronald ReaganCarrier Strike group in the deployed group in japan. Two amphibious groups with their expeditionary unit and of course those strike groups come with their airpark airway which is a fighting arm of the carrier, 14 attacks every deployed today which is a bit of a high point. Our normal force offering there is between ten and 12 formally and [inaudible] of control of the time since 1960 and thats important part maintaining that alert status is important part of our Program Going forward. We have six cruisers and destroyers on station so as tom said our discussion today comes at a critical time for our navy and as we face a very dynamic and changing maritime environment and it comes from the cusp of some important annual events as well as get ready to release the budget for 19 obviously we wont discuss the details of it here so thats released but it will be talking about the strategic underpinnings that informs that budget and as we talk about strategy another reality is that the National Security strategy has been recently released as a National Defense strategy just a couple weeks ago and secretary matus in strategy provides a muchneeded framework and in fact, if you think about the navy nation needs theirs. Ellipsis at the end for what . The nation needs to fill the maritime responsibilities and National Defense strategy. We have one strategy for the department that is the nds and this could be seen almost as part of the Maritime Component of that strategy. We are using the tagline the nation the navy needs. As i said will get through a quick discussion of the security environment and then will get to questions. I thought i would throw up a couple of charts and i dont want to get too heavy into the charts but this room looks bigger on the pictures so its an intimate setting and i dont build too bad spending time on a couple of charts. If you look at a map of the world this is not uncommon format for this depiction and you see a lot of geography and most of the political map you see are maps that focus on the land part of the globe and youve got both the political and geographic things are presented here, cities, towns, roads those sorts of features. Its not uncommon as i said and then theres this blue stuff that connects it and i will tell you this is how i see it. I start with the blue and its not that thats just the template which i see it. I see it more like that okay which is a depiction of just how busy things are in maritime and getting busier all the time. We will talk in the context of the return to Great Power Competition this morning and by virtue that would return we go back to the last time we were in Great Power Competition it just make comparisons. I would say it is just not a rerun of that last time and i would say the last time we were in a great power condition was on the order of 25 years, the cold war. Since that time in the last 25 years or so maritime traffic ships on the ocean has increased to four 100 and if you consider the fact that people have been going to see for tens of thousands of years and its not a bad estimate and to see fourfold increase in the last quarter century and just think about what that means for us in terms of managing that amount of traffic and it is fueled roughly doubling of the gdp in the globe, right . That prosperity has been manifested and enabled by maritime traffic. Megacities continue to grow is expected to grow from 3141 and that majority of those megacities within a hundred miles of the coastline. Returning to the see more and more for our sustenance and food. Both carbohydrate and protein and aquaculture has increased 13 fold and expected to continue that way going into the future. Does this have a laser or no just on this chart are depicted a number of things because you see in white there are the sea lanes in the diamond shapes are another feature for dynamism in the maritime domain as are the purple shaded areas and which is technology has given us access to resources on the seafloor that we simply never had before. Now we have access to oil and natural gas and minerals. The lines that run roughly parallel to the ceilings but need and are colored in gold or orange signify the undersea cable network. This network this into structure that is undersea on which rides 95 of International Internet traffic. When we talk about a cloud work talk hundred looking at the wrong direction. If you look up and most of that information is in the sea. We should be talking about a lake. Help me there. Im just trying to its not Cloud Computing like computing. Then another thing depicted here is the polar ice caps up near the top of the chart and those are the smallest they have been in that period of time in that 25 years as last time we been in Great Power Competition giving rise to again access to more resources and giving rise to see lanes of communication that simply just werent there before. Given these dynamics in the maritime and others a balanced strategy, a balanced strategic approach is more important than ever and our priorities have been clearly defined by the National Security strategy which directs us to protect america, promote american prosperity, preserve peace through strength and advanced american influence through the world and the National Defense strategy picks up describes the imperative we are confronting these challenges to challenge these head on. He will compete and deter and we will win. It centered on three major lines of effort which are billed the more lethal force to continue to strengthen our alliances and even attract new partners to expand and deepen those alliances and to look to perform the department in terms of the way we do our business with which we do our business. So this is also the handing off point in the navy the nation needs picks up that agenda and that call to action and i want to talk in terms just quickly in terms of how i see defining naval power and there has been a good consensus including the consensus by the Heritage Foundation of many other studies that roughly two years that has all converged on a conclusion that the navy needs we need more naval power to meet our responsibilities to the nation. We want to talk about the concept of and this will break it down into a few dimensions. Dimensions that hang together all right is very difficult to talk about coherent naval power starts ripping these out and disconnect them from one another. You must keep them in balance to provide their sense of integrity or wholeness. One dimension is and one way to increase naval power is to build a bigger fleet and number of the studies that i alluded to talk about that capacity and in fact, all of the studies converged on a navy in the neighborhood of 300355 ships. Our core Structure Assessment did that and a number of other studies and congress picked up on that in the National Defense authorization act has a seam in there that will do everything we can to achieve a 355 navy subject to appropriation and authorization of all those things so this idea of platforms not a great leap of intuition that a bigger navy is more powerful. A second component, second dimension of naval power would be to build a better navy so you modernize each womans platform and filled it with better systems and make them more capable and that means each one being more capable to more capable power and fleet. We are on the cusp of some very Intriguing Technology that not only increase the capability but very much could do so and get us on the backside of the cost curve. Looking at directed energy, highpower microwave and other innovative ways. Also in this group and this better fleet and the capability dimension we might want to consider [inaudible] and depending on how we think about it those platforms may be in the platform dimension and many of them here in the capability dimension. We are looking hard at filling out the family of unmanned underwater systems and air systems. Third dimension of power as we naval power as we think about it is to take those platforms with their inherent capabilities which we can increase and network them together so this third component is a Network Fleet. We have capable fleet and now a Network Fleet and there are plenty of examples where were adaptively creatively brings power to that force and we can talk about those historical examples and it makes intuitive sense as well that if youre able to share data across the force then youre able to respond to that awareness with more agility and you can be a more powerful picked. Not talked about enough is what i will call the Fourth Dimension which is a more talented fleet. Think about growing these other dimensions and growing evil powers and sometimes will have to man that fleet but the skill set with which those sailors will need different than the ones we have right now. As you think about go back to that Network Fleet. Talking about sharing and assimilating assisting through the vast amount of data that comes from growing sets of networks in such and as we get a bigger fleet will need more sailors and as we get a better fleet we will need sailors that are trained a little differently than we train them right now in those systems demand different skills. We consider a Network Fleet we will need help and this is the realm of Artificial Intelligence and learning algorithms and figuring out the optimum way to Team Together the people, are sailors and machine assistant, theyll be able to sort through that amount of data and get to those decision relevant information as quickly as possible. Competing in that orient and side part so that we can beat the competition. This dimension is what i call the agile fleet. This is an appreciation for the concepts of operation with which we operate that. The structures within the commandandcontrol and once we have built that fleet and weve modernized it and networked it and modernize it with appropriate trained sailors with the assistance they need weve got to figure out how we operated and then theres a demand under dynamic tension between the technology that is available in the con ops with which we operate that fleet. I dont know if attention but its as the possibilities become evident through technology and adapt your con apps then it goes back to the space that if you could do this how much more and as we consider things like distributive Maritime Operations we are looking at a fleet that is much more leverages the global maneuver power in the navy as you think about this type of an environment the only thing that really structures that environment are natural chokepoints. Someone has been around since the navy starts years ago and you can see them the gibraltar, the suez administrative [inaudible] for the strait of malacca and all these chokepoints define our structures. What it is not responsive to is artificial lines combatant command and we have to make sure that we preserve the inherent agility of the navy as it maneuvers and we dont think so much in terms of where a particular naval capability is but not only where it is but its a few days away from where it needs to be is this idea of tethers and a one or a zero but all right . Final dimension and this is getting gated so the only thing i could have done worse is to have everyone of these things on a slide so the final dimension is everything ive talked to murray now was a fleet potential energy and until you get that force out and train it and this is the ready fleet is so turning all of that potential power into Kinetic Energy requires readiness and you got to go out and fly. You got to have your magazine full and you got to have your logistics elements in place and you got to have your parts and maintenance and all of those things bring that fleet to life turn it into actual energy, actual fleet capability. I hope ive painted a picture then of naval power composed of elements and that wholeness unless you have all the elements present in your not talking the full dimensionality of naval power but if you think about naval power in its entirety it moves us away from false choices that we often get tabled up and in our conversations so if we think about capacity versus capability that there may be tradeoffs there but they both contribute to naval power and they both are needed. Standalone technology versus network. Mission command versus network commands. It is both and you got to navigate your way in that space dynamically and there are these tradeoffs that we think in terms of naval power and elevate our thinking above these false choices and street and what is important. I will go new on you. If you got the pure elements and all the parts of that nuclear nucleus are there anything about those six dimensions of bigger fleet a better fleet and a Network Fleet of more talented fleet agile fleet with agile concepts of operation commandandcontrol and then are ready fleet those of the components and if you try to tear one out you dont have naval power and have some isotope of naval power. Something that is close but not complete and as you all no, i know youve done your nuclear homework these isotopes are sometimes unstable and sometimes they decay et cetera. Its not the stable element that we want. As we talk about strategy or a strategic overview and the strategic components of naval power my aim is to give you a view to the telescope not the microscope. Too often we try to get down to microscopic detail and you can miss the Strategic Direction and as long as we do that i think we do need to take a step back and appreciate another dimension that we have to contend with and some alluded to it but we can summarize it by appreciating the last 18 months of fiscal year 17 and 18. During that time we have the longest cr and we have two continuing resolutions in that period of time and both of in the top five in terms of. One is the longest of all time. During that 18 months we operated five months with our inactive budget and then its been a continuing resolution. We currently have no top line and the government shutdown. We just went to that. This type of dynamism also impacts Strategic Planning and degrades the Industrial Base has a strategic effect on not only the navy the nation needs but the National Security that we need and most of portly perhaps i will tell you that working through this squandered Precious Resource which is time. We are spending time managing through this churn rather than getting on in the Strategic Direction we need to maintain. Okay for a come to a close i talk about command and control. As we move into this Gre