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Check them all out, they are all wonderful stores. Finally tonight we are excited and thrilled to be welcoming the incredible andres editor and columnist for the miami herald. Oppenheimer presenta in cnn in espanol, hispanic journalist, the winner of award and prize from colombia university. Here to discuss the new book, the robots are booking, understand what the future holds for todays jobs and the context of rapid automation and products and services. Particularly relevant for us here at books and books, no one in this crowd but there are people who do buy books online retailers and not bookstores. [laughter] welcome back to books and books. [applause] thank you very much. [laughter] for those watching on cspan, Severe Weather outside. Thank you very much, my wife, sandra, for being with us, my son thomas who i may drag about him. Florida under 40 lawyers. [cheers and applause] i had to brag about it and im very honored that coral gables mayor is with us, thanks for being with us. The robots are coming, the age of automation, whats going to happen with all of our jobs now as the robots are doing more things that we do every day. I started with the idea of writing this book 1 years 6 years ago, 47 of our jobs are at risk of disappearing over the next 15 years, 47 , almost half of our jobs. When i first read it here in miami, i thought, well, you know, this is sounds exaggerated, half of the jobs will disappear within the next 15 years, sounds stretched out but then i realized what is happening around myself, around my job as a journalist and i said its happening already. 5 years ago i had my tv show with 5 cameras and 5 cameramen, how many cameramen do i have today . Zero, i have somebody whispering to my ear, say hello to camera one, thanks for being with us, somebody says, say goodbye to camera 2, et cetera, et cetera, somebody moves some stick, somewhere, i dont know where but nobody behind the cameras. 2 years ago ive been translating my columns with the miami harold for the past 30 years with translator, human translator, so i used to write my column in english, i worked to miami harold who would send it by email to translator and she would translate it into spanish and then she would email it to me in spanish, i would edit it in spanish and took me about 20 minutes until about 2 years ago, i dont remember what happened, she went on vacation, she got ill, she couldnt make it and somebody in the news room said put it on Google Translate and i did and agreeingle translator used to be a joke, we used to joke putting something in google translator and would come out really fun you but it didnt and when i saw the outcome i thought, holy cow. It was pretty good, it took me 20 minutes editing as it used to take me to edit my human translator. 1 months ago, 7 months ago as i was finishing the book i started using an app that transcribes interviews. I used to interview a president and transfer tape, toward, rewind, took me like 3 hours or when i was in a real hurry i would send to transcriber and would charge, 100, 200 or 300, now starting a year ago i started sending the audio to transcription service, a robot that does it in about a minute for 3 or 4, recently i interviewed the president of argentina, coming out of president ial palace i sent the audio to trans. Com, by the time i got back i had the transcript. So more and more we are seeing, i was seeing all the jobs around myself disappearing. And once the book came out, the Publishing House asked me to read, i was in mexico. They asked me if i could be so kind and go to studio to take the book for audio book and an actor would read the remainder of the book and so i did. When i get there the actor told me, andres, i read your book and i was flabbergasted because im going to lose my job and i said how come, because theres a new app that reads books in whatever language you choose and whatever accent you choose and in my best Mexican Accent i said no mames, youre kidding. [laughter] we went to computer screen at the studio, he put the pdf of my book in spanish and he said, 3 paragraphs, we did, he pressed the button and there was a robot with perfectly human voice, Mexican Accent reading the book in spanish. Another profession going down the tubes. So i realized that this is happening not only to journalists its happening all across the board. So i decided to look into the future of jobs but not to do broad theoretical essay. Practical guide of whats going to happen to each of our jobs, so i started looking into the profession, whats going to happen to doctors, lawyers, accountants, bankers, salespeople, everybody, so i traveled to Silicon Valley, to japan, to new york, to south korea, to israel, to many of the places where you have stuff going onto interview the top gurus and ask them what exactly is going to change in each of these of the pages and i dedicated one chapter to each of them. It starts with first chapters about where its heading to, where youre heading to as a jobless world and then i start with a chapter in the future of journalist, i start as job i know best and then i dedicate one chapter respectively to the future of super markets and the people working in them, the future of banking, the future of Law Accounting and insurance terms, the future of health care, physicians, the future of teachers, the future of education, the future of consultation, the future of manufacturing, music, these industries, et cetera, et cetera. I dedicated one chapter to each, what i did basically was to interview the people who know much better than i whats going to happen in each of those areas and the stuff i found was really, you know, amazing. I at least found it let me give you a few examples. Lets start with first chapter, the one that we were talking about the future of journalists. I just talked about translator, transcribers, people who read audio books, but even reporters, even the most basic reporting jobs are being increasingly performed by robots. I interviewed the head of innovation of Washington Post and the New York Times and the head of innovation of the Washington Post, i interviewed him shortly before the election last year, november midterm election, and he told me that all the Washington Post stories on the Election Results would be written by robots. In other words, every study, every story you read saying candidates x won the district of colombia by 3 of the vote beating candidate y and then the story of candidate one and what this means in the general election, all of that was already written by robot. How does it work, well, somebody, a human puts the information into algorithm, and then on Election Night what the person does is putting Election Results from ap or another wired service to trigger 3 or whoever won and then algorithm would put the story together. Whats the context to have election figure out what is this persons victory, what does it mean in terms of balance in congress, et cetera, et cetera, all written by a robot. We will see over and over in all professions, what it means is that journalists will have to change what they do today radically because over the past 10 years in america journalists fell by almost 40 , there used to be 66,000 media workers in america and today there are 41,000, in other words, 25,000 american journalists lost their jobs. The same is happening in many other areas. Second chapter, sandra my wife and i went to japan and we went to hotel entirely staffed by robots, you may have read about it. Its in tokyo and it was really funny because we walked in and it was late at night and this was near disney world, disney world on the outskirts of tokyo and obviously wanted to cater to family audience, the robots dont look like humans, they look like dinosaurs. They are dinosaurs, robotic, they really look like dinosaurs, so we walked in and one of the robotic dinosaurs greeted us, japanese dinosaur, greeted us and they said, and the robot concierge was dressed as a concierge said hello, good evening, welcome and asked me to put my password into the machine, and so i did, then asked me to said another machine, what i had to sign my name, i did, next thing he does is with his hands he shows me another machine, credit card, same thing a human concierge does when you check into a hotel at the end he said pointing at another machine, please take your room key and so we did and a thing a human concierge would do. Obviously i wanted to challenge the robot. I asked him whats your name and the dinosaur froze and i asked him again, no, seriously, whats your name and the dinosaur started sort of making weird movements, it was really uncomfortable, i asked him and he went really crazy, making strong noises and at the end at the fourth or fifth time when i really kept asking i want to know whats your name, he said, wait a moment, please, an assistant will come out to help you out. [laughter] so this lady comes out from a door behind, and says, introduces herself, pretty good english and she said, please excuse us but these robots are fairly new, they started working 2 weeks ago, they are sufficient in japanese but not that good in english, so please excuse but they would be able to answer these and any other questions in a very short time so please excuse us. Bottom line i started talking with her and i asked her and turns out the hotel had 100 rooms and at that time at night she was the only person human at the hotel. So here is a question, how are hotels manned by humans going to compete on hotel that has 100 rooms and is staffed by one person . Needless to say the robotic dinosaurs you can make them whatever you want, you can make them look like humans but these guys dont eat, dont sleep, dont text during working hours, dont take vacation, never ask for a raise. How are you going to compete with that . So thats something thats coming, then we went to restaurants in japan, went to sushi where the reception is robots who ask you how many people are in your party and you say 3 or 4 or whatever and the robot tells you go to table number 5, go to table number 5, theres a these are like in the airports they have conveyer belts and theres a conveyer belt going to all the tables and you have a tablet on your table, so you pick whatever sushi you want and put your credit card in and the screen will tell you please your food will come in tray number 17, so you look at the conveyer belt and sooner or later your sushi comes on tray number 17, you take it out and eat and then you leave. These restaurants dont have any waiters, of course, and even the chef is a robot. They have a robotic chef with two hands, two robotic hands, one robotic hand he or she cuts the sushi and with the other hand puts the salmon, the roll, whatever they put on the sushi, so thats coming and you see it already in fastfood restaurants in miami. If you go to panera here or mcdonalds youll see more and more tablets and fewer and fewer attendants and people especially 30something, they dont want to you say, well, what about the human touch that can only be conveyed by a human . And many of the 30somethings say, i dont want to interact with a waiter or waitress. Im in a hurry. I want to be with my friends. So instead of spending time trying to make eye contact with a baiter waiter or waitress and passing through without even looking at you and then waving at them, i want to be with my friends, have a good time, dont spend time on that so they find it much more convenient to use tablet in totally automated restaurant. So thats happening in every other profession. In that same chapter i interviewed the union leader of the las vegas reunion, they threatened to go in strikes a couple of months ago as i was finishing the book because of robots, more and more hotels in las vegas and in miami are using robots. Robots that take your breakfast to your room on their head and replacing waiters and waitresses and i asked the union leader, how are you going to compete with machines that, again, work 3 shifts a day, dont take vacations, dont ask for a raise, et cetera, et cetera, and interesting she said we know that is a losing battle, we cant compete with that. We are not telling the hotels to stop using them but we are telling them is for every displaced waiter, for every displaced waitress, you need to train them, the people losing their jobs to do Something Else within the hotels, in other words, use them but retrain the workers to do Something Else, the worker is displaced waiter is weight lifter, put them in lobby to become an adviser of fitness for guests, et cetera, a waitress that can cook, put her in the kitchen, et cetera, et cetera, so thats going to revolutionize the workforce even in the jobs you at least think about, like teachers, like physicians, like lawyers, teachers, in the chapter about teachers, i interviewed and i had them on my cnn show, i interviewed robot called professor einstein, its a robot, looks exactly like einstein, long hair, glasses, professor look and its a robot that teaches math, science and geometry and you can ask him anything about math and can explain it to you and you dont get it as i would, professor einstein, i dont get it, can you explain it in another way and he will explain it in a second way and a third way and fourth, fifth or sixth, 20 ways of explaining something. And if youre good at getting information who orally or visually, he never gets tired unlike a teacher are upset or impatient. So what does that mean . It means that doesnt mean teachers are going to lose their jobs but it means that teachers jobs are going to become something totally different to what they are now, it doesnt make any sense for teachers to continue being conveyers of information. At this day in age, any child, any young person can google whatever he or she wants. Doesnt make sense. Any kid can look that up in a much more fun way on the internet than getting it from a human in front of them. Now, again, as with journalists, journalists are not going disappear, they will stop become ing basic reporters telling people what happened and who said what, they are going to become investigative reporters, opinion writers, human writers, et cetera, et cetera, in the same way teachers are no longer going to be por vaiers of information, theyll be motivators and people who will teach values to young people and show people thousand become team players and most importantly they are going to be, people will help kids find their future, find their passion, they will do everything but what they are doing today. Same thing for physicians, same thing for lawyers, same thing for manufacturing workers, in south korea i went to, yeah, robot factory and they were selling me that the Typical Company in south korea is about 20 workers, human workers and 200 robots. And the joke which is joke in Silicon Valley as well, that the factory of the future will only have 2 employees, a man or a woman and a dog. The man or the woman will be there to feed the dog and the dog will be there to make sure that the man doesnt touch any of the machines. [laughter] thats the factory of the future. And its coming everywhere. Im going to shorten this up, we can talk about any of the other professions right now but two of them which many people think are irreplaceable by robots, physicians and lawyers or judges, physicians have this dr. House intuition or perception or human touch that a physician can i dont care look at you and tell you whatever you have, well, first of all, half of what physicians do in many areas is already being replaced by apps and robots. If youre a dermatologist probably today you spend half of your day telling patients whether sun spots are good or bad especially here in miami. They will look at you and look at your spots and say, well, this one is good, dont worry about it, this one, lets look at it, et cetera, they probably spend half of the time, forget it, now its an app where you can take a picture of your spots, you know, press here and tells you, its okay, dont worry or go to doctor and see what it is. Judges, you would think that judges are sort of above the trade, they are to be a judge you need a lot of common sense, qualities that we wouldnt have, again, a study done in israel with 30 i think it was 30 traffic judges, and what they found out is algorithm can do the job much better because they looked at the judges rulings for six months and turned out that when they started their day, 9 00 oclock in the morning they were incredibly nice and they condoned almost every traffic ticket, they were very benign and as the morning went on and they got hungrier they became more and more impatient, you know, and by the end of the morning, they killed almost every traffic and went to long and in the afternoon they were in very good humor, almost everybody and as the afternoon went on, they would become stricter and stricter, so an algorithm can do their job much better. So just to start wining up, some of you may be saying, okay, andres, what you say is right but ive been hearing this story that robots will replace us for decades, you know, since the simpsons, the cartoons that had the robots working, et cetera, et cetera, we have been hearing that robots will replace us and hasnt happened. Thats true, but but theres a big but, theres something thats very new and whats new is that robots have suddenly become much smarter and much cheaper. Theyve become much cheaper because today a robot cost a fraction of what it cost 5 years ago. In 2010 if i remember figures in the book yeah, here it is, robot in china cost equivalent 5. 3 years of a workers salary, 5. 3 years, today robot in china cost less than 1 year of a human workers salary and probably since i wrote the book by now its maybe much less than a year. So they are becoming incredibly, you know, cheap