His line and say welcome to my house. I am pleased you could join us and whether youre here participating through facebook or youtube, welcome to those of you who are joining on cspan. Today we listen to christian teller discusses most recent book the great partnership, Stonewall Jackson and the state of the confederacy. Doctor keller is the eisenhower chair of the National Security and strategy of the United StatesArmy War College in carlisle pennsylvania. This year he became a director of military history program. In many articles he is the author, coauthor or editor of several previous books on American Civil War including the germans ethnicity and civil war memory. In the introduction in the book he lays out clearly and concisely several things. Including the value of this book. Historical and what youll find in his notes versus the text itself. I greatly appreciate him confronting ahead on interpretive value and reliability of material particularly confederate wartime sources versus postwar sources former confederate. This military history takes you through chronological elation ship between lee and jackson and includes a chapter on the getty Works Campaign following the death of jackson after the battle. He also provided a chapter by including in appendix a provides insight on leadership from the partnership from the injection. You can tell with the results are reaching out via todays political military leaders. Before we hear from doctor keller about his book, i would like to let you know about another program coming up later this week on thursday august 8 at noon, Douglas Waller will present a lecture on lincolns spy, the secret war to save a nation in which he would describe union agents, george sharp, Elizabeth Van lu and baker. Please visit our website at archive. Co. Gov. Please join me in welcoming doctor christian to the stage. [applause] good afternoon everyone. Thank you very much for that fine introduction and i would like to think tom, doug and the staff were running the audio visual component of the presentation. You have been very helpful and it could not have done it without you. I would like to think back at the Army War College, one of our techs to make a johnson without whom i could not have put this together. So a shout out to tamika and all the stuff in the department of National Security and strategy. Its an honor to be here, ive spent many hours working in the archives previously for my earlier books on ethnicity in the civil war and to come back in this particular way is quite ratifying. I am happy to be here. As a heads up on how to proceed, i am going to read for a while and provide background to me feces that trevor mentioned and you will get two different presentation styles which mimic in many ways the two different presentation styles that are utilized at the army war of college in carlisle. Finally i would like to say that my words are my own and do not necessarily represent the official policy of the department of defense of u. S. Army or u. S. Army war college. The Late Afternoon sun of may 10, 1863 was warm and pleasant. Just bring through the young trees of the virginia wilderness and creating a quilt of bright and dark spots on the floor. Here it focused on the fern struggling to unfold into life, there it landed on a burned corpse or newly dug grave. Spring came to virginia but so have the war. Shattered rifles, shell fragments, broken canteens and even the remains of a drum littered the sides of the stage road down which a small group of men were galloping full speed towards fredericksburg. Those men had just been at the home of Thomas Chandler who lived in a small hamlet on the Richmond Fredericksburg called guinea station. All that sunday they waited outside a frame house on his estate and. For the man lying on the bed inside offering supplications to the almighty that he may be spared and return duty. At 315 they found out that their prayers and those of thousands more in the army of Northern Virginia had not been answered. General Thomas JonathanStonewall Jackson was dead. Just the day before the leader dispatched his friend and chaplain the reverend Beverly Tucker lacey from his bedside to Army Headquarters near fredericksburg. His mission was to conduct sunday morning worship for the troops as usual and he preferred to stay but jackson insisted. The spiritual welfare of the men was paramount. Regardless of what happened to him. The chaplain complied. Leaving the service to a flock of 1800 soldiers and their Army Commander robert e lee. The great victory at chancellorsville have been achieved primarily by jackson attack on may 2 and now at the height of his military success, he faced the possibility that his most trusted lieutenant and advisor might soon leave his side. Hearing of jackson admission he asked lacey to express my affectionate regard and say to him he has lost his left arm but i my right arm. That was three days ago in jackson amputated arm healing nicely despite the troubling sign of the secondary infection, pneumonia. Now despite prayer and the best medical care in the confederacy, he had to admit to his commanding general that the end was near. They normally stoic lee was surprised and shaken at the turn of events. Surely general jackson must recover, he told lacey before the service, god will not take him from his note we need him so much. His faith and his subordinates recovery seemingly strengthened by the chaplain sermon he approached lacey after words and said i trust you will find him better when a suitable occasion offers, tell him that i. For him last night as i never. Before. These were brave words spoken by a brave man and a devoted christian but lacey saw through them. Lee could say no more insight of the troops and turned away in overpowering emotion. The writers, their horses fatigued at the long hard run from guinea station and reigned in at least headquarters at 5 0a person commanding general tent, how exactly they convey their disturbing news and what Immediate Reaction lee may have exhibited is unknown but the response from the soldiers in the ranks was immediate as the word spread. The sounds died away as if the angel of death himself had slapped his muffled wings over the troops. A silence profound mournful, spitefully and oppressive as a funeral paul descended over the camps. Veterans of the 70s of fredericksburg and some of whom who had fought with jackson in the valley cried like babies. The shock to the living party. In the evening the news went abroad in the sob swept over the army of Northern Virginia and it was a heartbreak of the confederacy. Indeed it was. Lee managed to restrain his sadness and the simple message to richmond. It becomes my duty to announce the death of general jackson it began. He continued for a few brief sentences that describe the transport of a body to the capital and abruptly ending the wire, the next day he issued general orders number 61 to the army and attempt to hang over but they left no doubt that he himself was still in shock. The daring skill and energy of this great and good soldier by decree of an all wide providence are now lost. But why we mourn his death, we feel his spirit still lives and will inspire the whole army with his and the indomitable kerch and confidence in god as our hope and strength. Let officers and soldiers emulate his determination to do everything in the defense of our country. Having newly erected the bold public front for the benefit of others, privately the commander could not check his emotions, when he attempted to speak about jackson to William Pendleton that same day he broke down in tears and had to excuse himself. The strong religious faith the help cement the bond between the in jackson doubtless comfortably in his moment of despair and he wished the entire army to no its effects. Yet his prayers, those of countless others have not saved jackson and his death left a great void, one with strategic consequences for the cause it ended. Privately he confided to his son, it is a terrible loss, i do not know how to replace them. On may 11, president Jefferson Davis reinforced his dread with a simple telegram from richmond. A National Calamity has befallen us. Faith would help him move forward personally but the death of jackson was a professionally mortal blow from which a confederate chief and the confederacy would never recover. At the heart of this book, are for historical feces, first that the lee jackson command team was professionally successful because it was rooted in personal friendship underpinned by trust and shared religious faith. Initially the personal relationship was weak, long di longdistance. But by the end of the winter of 1863 it had grown into a powerful bond that cemented the already strong professional relationship even enhancing it. Second, that it was within the unique relationship that the most successful elements of confederate strategy in the Eastern Theater first germany were operationally implemented and with jacksons death permanently signing. Jackson became lees chief Strategic Advisor as well as his preferred operational lieutenant. Lee intern was his primary source of strategic advice of fact well substantiated in secondary literature. Third, jackson was himself, a strategic level leader, a general who thought early in the war about how to win it for the confederacy, offering numerous suggestions to lee, the president and others that rank higher than his own and even dabbled in policymaking through his relationships with congressman. And four, his death following the campaign in may 1863 the confederacy suffered a strategic inflection point, a contingency that held momentum implications for the future of the young nation. Spanning all for historical arguments has a larger observation that has significance for political military and Business Leaders today and the future. The command relationship between chief leader and chief advisor is extremely important. Especially at the highest levels of responsibly. Because it was within that association that the best strategic ideas, ones that win wars and save corporations for instance are created. Every Senior Leader needs a trustworthy advisor or group of trusted advocates. Occasionally events occur that witness a a complexion of the levels of war. What is called an nexus. Whereby tactical actions for instance may determine operational outcomes which in turn might strongly affect the interest at her strategy or National Strategy and for those who may be confused at this. , ill show you some slide that will clarify very shortly. The history of the civil war demonstrates all of these levels of war were at play just as they are today. Although it is participants may not have used the same things as modern practitioners, they understood the different layers of commandandcontrol and had at least a common sense understanding of how they interacted. As in modern war however, the confederacys Senior Leaders make mistakes sometimes fusing the levels together accidentally or earnestly applying ideas and concepts working at one level to another. This was due in part to the week theoretical education they received at west point in the years and to the state of military theory at the time which was in substantial flux with important works such as things in war and not yet translated into war. Into english. We should not. Them for their errors. The leaders of both the union and the confederacy made the decision they thought best based on what they knew at the time combined with their personal experiences personalities and command structures. Much as we still do today. By the winter of 1862, to 63, the Eastern Theater of operations i. E. Estates of the east of the Appalachian Mountains had become the most strategically theater for confederate hopes for national independence. If the war was to be one, and needed to occur in that theater. And that meant the unions principal fueled army the army of the peloton may, would have to be decisively defeated. Robert ely had tried with jacksons assistance throughout the Spring Summer and fall of 1862 to affect that very result, but several opportunities alluded him. Civil war armies are notoriously difficult to destroy the field. In reality that lee and his command teams ultimately consisting of jackson, james long street and James Ewell Brown jeb stuart, faintly came to understand. Time and again, during the seven days before and after second manassas and the fredericksburg and chancellorsville they had realized the challenges inherent in transforming tactical operational victories into strategic ones. In each of these successful companions, lee jackson discussions both private and in consultation with the other leaders molded can federate strategy attempting to ratify this problem. Jacksons early strategic thoughts in 198061 into the spring of 1862, about writing the north and bringing a quote hard war to the enemy. This was not only wise counsel fairly then be in military advisor and effective general in chief but also reflected the strategic reality contextually facing the confederacy. The loss of much of tennessee and Mississippi River valley in Northern Arkansas by mid 1962, meant that recovery in the western and trans mississippi theaters was unlikely. There the confederacy can only hope to delay rent the inevitable but in the east, the war could feasibly be brought to successful conclusion. Northern and southern and European Public opinion focused on the east, it could be more strongly influenced by events on the battlefield. There than in the west. Union civilian morale could be directly affected they could endanger Political Base in future elections. Transportation and Manufacturing Centers in pennsylvania could be disrupted. Thereby undermining federal logistical power. Jacksons correspondence with lee before he left the shenandoah valley, to join what became known as the Peninsula Campaign are the seven days in june of 1862, revealed the strategically or with thinking mind one that quickly made its mark on the future commander of the army of Northern Virginia, and would continue to influence lees own strategic and operational thought for the remainder of the war. But lees personal preferences combined with the constituencies of the political arena he had to operate in managing it one davidsons expectations and leading the eastern army. This meant that he could not immediately and unconditionally accept jackson strategic thoughts. Obviously the union army also dictated many of his actions. Deferential loyal friend, jackson first endeared himself to lee as a military and professional who could effortlessly follow his attempt in achieving operational objectives. Sometimes late but never failing, the valley general earned lees respect to his performance in the cedar run, second and asses and sharpsburg campaigns ensuring his lackluster performance in the seven days was viewed as an anomaly. Even then, however, he began to confer regularly with lee and started the process of building personal trust. That trust in turn was buoyed by share devotion to even jelly coal presentism. Although approaching their christianity from different denominational perspectives, jacksons unswerving adherence to gods law and spreading of the gospel among his troops, made a strong impression upon the deeply religious lee who by the winter of 1862 to 1863, was attending Worship Services with jackson. The reverend Beverly Tucker lacey an old friend of jacksons brought in by the general to serve with his core chaplain, and the spiritual reforms they walked together and were instrumental in the development of those religious bond between lee and his subordinates. This connection in turn, strengthen what had become a strong personal friendship during the wintering camp outside of fredericksburg. By the time of the chancellors campaign, jackson had superseded james long street, as lees primary lieutenant and along with stuart, when integral in helping the commanding general receipt victory over the federals against long odds. Yet, fickle chance intervened in the woods on the night of may 2nd, 1863, as it had so many times both for and against lee in previous campaigns, shot accidentally by his own men and stonewall was dropped twice from the letter carrying him to the later rear and surviving the amputation of his left arm, succumbed to pneumonia ten days later. It was a personally crushing blow for lee who lost not only not a man who have been kim a but also his chief Strategic Advisor and battle field operator. The damage done to the confederate war effort was perceived by nearly all in the confederacy from Jefferson Davis all the way down to the common citizens in texas. Even little children. Regardless, of postwar confederates who attempted to use his death as a lost cause excuse for rebel defeat, jackson says sudden demise was a strategic turning. In the war was recognized as such at the time. This reality became startling clear and the ensuing Pennsylvania Campaign. It was apparent that jacksons accident left a gaping hole in lees command team and badly impaired its efficacy. Tragic cascade, a secondary and third order effect, impacted the results of the