Iran the International Security program. Its a privilege to introduce jim sciutto is a correspondent and cnn anchor and author of the new book inside chinas operations to feed america. It was attracted to various forms and most of the wall street journal. And it has a lot of good critical success. You may not know the gym was also the chief of staff at the u. S. Embassy in china so he knows the china story quite well. He is a graduate of Yale University and a former fellow. The short washington with his wife and they have three children. Im going to turn over to him, he is reported around the world, asia, middle europe and middle east. Ill turn it over to him to make opening observations about the book and then open it up to q a. Thank you very much jim. Thanks so much well of you for taking time out of aut busy sunny friday. I appreciate having you here as well. And thank you to peter for inviting me he was one of the first people to read a manuscript of the book early on and he did not throw back in my face or turn up or embarrass me. I thought i was probably okay moving forward. And he was kind enough to write one of the blurbs on the back of the book. I wanted to start how i came to write this book. What my intention is alsohioo te process that recognizes the shadow, and connecting the dots on a number of fronts on which both russia and china to surpass the u. S. And these were friends of a shadow were that i experienced firsthand on the ground in ukraine as the little green man in europe in the 21st century. On a spy plane as china manufactured territory in the minutes of a half dozen allies. I went on to the arctic where u. S. Reinforces our training to track more capable private, another stop in this work. I spent weeks traveling around the u. S. Space command and the president has talked about a space force, the u. S. Already has a space force in the base command and theres already a space for on the way in the heavens above us. So i was traveling and of course many years both regarding russia and china is seen more connections that both russia and china are using with great effect. Now you write about these things, talk about and colored by the political advisors. I want towe be clear its not a political book. By both republican and democratic administrations in their approach to russia and china. And just to establish the point section which a is the last three paragraphs of the book. It gets to my personal motivation for writing this. If youll bear with me. I write my personal motivation in writing this book is far political. Im writing this as a concerned american. I voiced thought thatl living overseas weakens your patriotism. Yes you have to better identify your countrys weaknesses from abroad they can also better recognize and its vision theres no . It has far more to offer the world the china and russia. Thee shadow were is in large pat of battle of those visions. I see this book as to my fellow americans to the sport and the threat at present to what our country holds dear. Although we try to do is live at the greenpoint in society and detect the cutting edge of history. The shadow war has one defining cutting edge of american history. And i feel that. I spend a lot of time overseas as a journalist covering china, covering russia, covering the wars in the middle east which is where First Encounter peter berger. Serving most of the time as a journalist but for a brief time as chief of staff to the u. S. Investor in china. And as i saw the outlines of the shadow war, i also found that it tshook my sense of country in is place in the world and i have three kids and i want their future to be as free and peaceful as my present impasse has been. And that is part of the reason why felt the need and the drive to connect the dots in a way and talk about this in the public conversation that i dont hear journalist talk that much but i certainly do not hear lawmakers or president s speak about it too much. Im going to the beginning of the book, it gets to another reason that i sat down to write these pages. A consistent error of the shadow war and again, uncommitted by republican and democratic president s in them and she should is misreading russia and china. As a benefit to the first people i think my acknowledgment to having spoken to a good couple of dozen u. S. Intelligence officials, military commanders, diplomats and european diplomats and intelligence officials who have served multiple a ministrations. And they gave very honest and selfcritical insight to say, we missed us, we persisted, even delusions. Michael hayden director nearin mirroring that we look at russian china and imagine that they want what we want. Even in the face of contradictory information advance. The fact is, theyan do not wanto what we want. Does not mean we have to go to war but they have different interests, aspirations and want to play by different rules. That is one mistake. The trouble is committing that mistake when you contradictory evidence. I begin the book with the poisoning, you remember about this time lester on the streets of salisbury, to russian agents used literally the most powerful nerve agent ever developed in the history of the i world. To attempt to kill him and his daughter. They thankfully and most miraculously survived in a british woman who picked up what was a bottle of perfume in which the nova check was hidden and put on her wrist and she died within days, her partner survived aswi well. You remember that range from this. And i spoke to numerous european and diplomats after words and they said, this is different. Weve never seen anything like this, russia has been aggressive but now they used an nerve agent to kill someone a british oil,di speak with an intelligence official who describes how later discovered how the two russian ages brought in to kill these two people but they brought in enough too go thousand, so rash that the kremlin revealed that this was okay on the very top in the past two agents with enough nerve agent to threaten the lives of thousands of birds, you know what we can w get away with this. No problem. As i was covering that story i said this sounds familiar. When i was live london 12 years before i remembered and covered the successful assassination of another on british soil. The really powerful radio activation. Let me read from the opening chapter. In 2006, 12 years before the poisoning alarmed the world he had recalculated it could get away with murder on western soil. It be proved also i correct. Britains response was to expel for russian diplomat, a full decade after he died. In 2007 to the u. S. Congress with opposing shins under the magnetic ski act, one of the two murders to be targeted by the United States. The penalties for the 2006 operation delicately majored in longdelayed were clearly insufficient to change russian behavior. Perhaps laying the groundworkk l for repeat on the streets of salisbury in 2018. To add insult to injury, one of the assassins with the elected member of the russian state where he still serves today. Two deadlype operations on westn soil using weapons at that the lives of thousands carried out under orders from the russian president 12 years apart. For russia it is difficult to identify one single attack as opening battle of the shadow war on the United States and the west. The events of the last decade show to consistent and disturbing lines. Growing russian aggression and nspersistent western delusions about western intentions. The same pattern is regarding china which is launching its own inaugural bottles in another arguably dangerous shadow war on the United States. In that you see two consistent errors. One be persisting in the face of contradictory evidence such as to alarming murders on western soil. But also the response being too weak to be change the behavior. You tried to murder someone on the streets of uk and threaten the lives of thousands, we will make Public Statement cortical, impose sanctions 12 years later in russia could do it again and they did. We will invade a country in europe, sovereign coventry and continue to occupy the territory in the east you will stop sanctions and make critical statements but lo and behold five years later we still controlled the territory. We in the case of china will create unthinkable aircraft characters in the South China Sea. Youll make contradictory statements and fly and sale by the islands in the one bold four years later we still hold the territory in increasingly militaries in the highlands despite making a promise to the u. S. President they would not do that. Those errors over time and thats all we have met here. I want to get to the man in front of the shadow war. These are the thoughts that i tried to connect. I think americans, that shows you what a nervous topic it is. Americans are where of some of the fronts and we talk about the on cnn and you will hear about it on the halls of congress, people are where russia had interfered and we talk about that a lot. They know that russia and ukraine, we talk a little bit about the islands in the South China Sea but explain the idea that this challenging sovereign borders, that idea and treaties enforcing the idea have kept the peace in europe for decades. Its important when a nation violates those and is allowed to violate those. Thats another front. How many folks know russia and china have deployed weapons in space . You normally want to ask a question and not as many people raise their hand. He did his research i hope you will catch up. There is a chapter in here on this in a did a documentary for sina. Able to move from orbit to orbit, to circle like a predator circling its prey and multiple orbits o and disable the satellites either director Energy Weapons or old school just remade. Even the not horrible can be obstructed and can do a lot of damage. China has in addition too, because he likes satellites deployed with the Space Command calls kidnapper satellites. They can also grab satellites right out of orbit. Hollywood is a good 20 or 30 years ahead of the game on this stuff. Do they target our technology . We are more advanced than any other country in the world but more dependent on it. Smart bombs are not smart without gps satellite. Drones dontt fly, anybody ever been with your soldiers, ive been amazed when they take the laptops and opened it up and find the readout system and a bag guy on the other side. That is a combination of satellitebased communications and surveilling technology that allows soldiers on the ground to be around of their surroundings. And with the thoughts are cominr from. We are more advanced and dependent but also the issue is you take out a few of those, paralyzed to be too strong of a world but you disable the powerful military in the world. And i speak to a lot of deployed military commanders that say i dont know if we do how to fight today without the capabilities. The u. S. Navy iss teaching folks how to use and again, just in case if the han and open the situation again. Thats the shadow of war. Another one under the waves in a whole chapter on submarine warfare. Again probably not ahead of the game. Twider submarines are first attack weapons, russian china have been deployed faster with more difficult for them to track. That is a problem because that weapon can be shown on the coast of s your homeland and if they t through and have gotten through before, in the event of war without wording and you will see join up off the coast of 40. Im sure youre familiar with the story of chinese without warning. Interestingly the chinese not doing so well in the nuclear subcategory but they have capable electric subs which in some circumstances are quieter and good at doing this. As another front in the war. Particular focus on this book on the arctic because its another field of play in the great game because of the eye shrinks are more accessible, passage, submarines are an extension of american and russian power out there. Another front in the shadow war. Of course cyber act as well. But theres a whole chapter on china extremely successful effort to steal u. S. Private sector and Public Sector and intellectual property. I focuscu on one gentleman, stephen sue who is a chinese businessman with a lot of friends in the u. S. And over the course of four years, he stole hundreds of gigabytes of data on the f35, f22 and f17 through the most advanced military aircraft. Today, china is flying through direct that looked remarkably like the f35. Stealing works. I speak to bob anderson former head of counter until with the fbi who is involved in the case and he said the fbi is where about 10 of what china is up to in terms of these operations. He makes the point they dont even need the physical guy on the ground in the u. S. Is as much anymore and he talks they have tens of thousands of capable chinese basically doing what he refers to a National Service program for the government of hacking into u. S. Systems and they do a damn good job of it. If you think china is a more subtle player in this game, think again, bob anderson was been involved in a lot of these cases in a former cop in delaware, he talks like a cop and im going to read the way he describes chinese intelligence. The chinese are more vicious than the russians. Anderson told me pausing to make sure i was listening. They will kill people at the drop of the hat. They willroe kill families, a h more quietly inside of china or one of their territories but the absolutely if they have to will be a very vicious service. Underestimate how the other guys are willing to operate. I think the final point i will make before that peter grow me and members of the audience roaming as well. Isa. Been another mistake that successful president s have calculated that they can get these relationships right. Remember George W Bush looked into putins eye and saw somebody he could work with and learned later not so much because the invasion of georgia. President obama, hillary clinton, they hit the reset button months after the invasion of georgia, it did not work out so well him around to figuring it out. President trump is calculated and still calculates that he can get it right in some way. Now in russia he will not call out the russian behavior with a whole host of friends. With his twitter account or many other forms raise given opportunity to do so. China hes been more aggressive particularly trade secrets etra cetera. The question is, has his approach changed or solidified chinese behavior . We will see that over the weeks and months to follow. Again, as a comeback to this it is a pattern of years, a pattern of learning, if you speak to submarine commanders you speak to the commanders of spy planes and if you speak to folks inside the operations center, intelligence officials, they speak about the threat from russia and china and very clear terms. Theyey are desperate from leadership from the top. You do not hear the discussion from the top or from the halls of congress. And that is what you need to articulate and pursue strategies pushing back. Final point, the final chapter is a host of solutions and tactics as part of a broader strategy to put back against this. I pulled a half a dozen smart people with former experiences in me, jim, john, ash carter, a load crystallize that at the end. A all of them come back they cannot pursue that in a credible way unless you have an articulated strategy from the top and backing of the top. All the way to thehe top they sd they dont have that. That is the shadow of war and i look forward to my interrogation. [applause] thank you jim, the first big question, there is a version of asia or is there more expensive that they want to replace as a world superpower. Or do they not know just working it out, what do you think . The latter. The emissions have grown over time and i speak a lot to Andrew Erickson present a good amount because he teaches us at thearll naval war college. He describeses in 1949, action prior to that china laid out these goals in detail of how they were going to approach their power. The first thing, lets solidify the control in china. In solidify control and the environment. Watch the history, thats the 50s, strengthen, build the military, go after the first island chain, second, what they refer to the near seas and a later date the parties. Et cetera. And you seeing in their moves, for instance the manmade islands 600 miles off the shore but they now have enable port in sri lanka. Lenahan the military, elton road is designed to extend its power. You see very active on the african continent in latin america. Give economic interest and slowly but surely establishing capabilities beyond to help enforce his interest, Bigger Picture question that folks will ask me, which is a bigger threat russia or china. When you ask the intel folks they will put russia and china at the top and say russia shortterm more dangerous and longerterm china is th the real threat because of the capability of overcoming the u. S. In time. Not guarantee but a capability to stronger economy, bigger population et cetera. Does china want to surpass the u. S. . Absolutely. We read the editorials and this is about regaining their rightful place on top of the world. That is the way they look at it. Because they feel as they have been humiliated. Exactly. Russia has a similar victimization monument set going back not as far to 1991, the collapse of the soviet union. They were humiliated and klobuchar was no better than me and a villain not a hero. Chinese leaders study the collapse of the soviet union. They say we dont want to do that. So you were in the obama ministration watching for the chief of staff. It did go to the chinese and they knock off. In the intellectual property, intrusions and it kind of worked at least for. I talked to rick who is a former Deputy Director of the nsa and highly involved in this. He said after obama delivered the warning that there was a discernible downturn in activity in terms of volume but not a substantive change in china aggression. It is still in terms of what they were taken away in the private Public Sector. There is a book by the chinese liberation unrestricted warfare which they lay out what theyre going to do. What is it that theyre going to do and you talked about a lot of it, just in general they know it there was no point to try to compete on that level. So what is that report . Their approach is asymmetric, the shadow war is bite asymmetric warfare because they no russia and china cockily. Russia b cannot in the territory in europe by rolling the tanks across the borderks in china ina carrier on carrier, young ukrainian thing right where they made progress but theyre not going to build 12 aircraft carriers. So they do it in asymmetric fashion. The strategy of public essay about this laying out hybrid