Nuclear issue still stuck in a stalemate. An optimistic prevail for some time after the collapse of socialism and during the post cold war period. But the stability of the world is now being seriously challenged. We have gathered here today in an effort to pull the business wisdom that would lead to peace and the world at large, including northeast asia and the Korean Peninsula. For starters, we hope the rivalry and conflict between the two superpowers, the United States and china will get resolved. The clash between these two powers by trade and customs conflicts, has spread to the fields of i. T. , military and diplomacy and is now working up to a competition to control Global Standards and global supremacy. Needless to say, this is very troubling and some have already cast a pessimistic outlook, saying that will follow the germany rivalry. But if you close your eyes and take a long good look back on history, you will gain a valuable insight that the United States and china have together played a role in preventing war and Armed Conflict in the Asia Pacific Region since they forged diplomatic relations. The era of the u. S. And china is completely different from the era of u. S. Japan and u. S. Russia rivalry, which resulted in multiple wars, big and small. The coexistence and operations between the two parties over the last 40 years have been the engine that prompted the collapse of socialism and dissolution of the cold war and made it possibly to realize prosperity and peace. Thats why i dare say, rather than focusing on their issues of contention, the United States and china should take on a broader perspective and Pay Attention to the history of the u. S. China cooperation. In fact, since modern times, there has not been any history of war or confrontation between the two nations. Their bilateral cooperation in the Asia Pacific Region was the strongest in defeating japan and the communist tote totalitarianism and it can only be achieved through farsighted cooperation rather than confrontation, todays clash of interest can be easily overcome. Conflicts within northeast asia are also troubling. Although northeast asia boasts the worlds highest level of economic power, exchanges in cooperation in the areas of trade and tourism, conflicts over issues such as nationalism, history, territory and security have deteriorated to a dangerous point. The players in this region are running in opposite directions. In the areas of trade, economy, security and peace. So much so that it has reached a state of dysfunction or what some have called the northeast asia paradox. Along these troubling issues, the recent disputes over history and the economy between korea and japan is most regrettable. However, it is not impossible to adhere to the universal Guiding Principles in dealing with human rights issues, stemming from japans post colonel rule in korea and trade liberal to resolve the ongoing economic disputes. Ladies and gentlemen, what has been the most Important Pillar of prosperity and peace in northeast asia over the last 50 years, i believe it was the cooperation between korea and japan. The only two countries in northeast asia that are respected and stayed faithful to the values of the market economy and liberal democracy. This cooperation has also contributed significantly to the development and prosperity of two nations. Those two countries should bear in mind that the ongoing conflict will adversely affect peace and the Korean Peninsula and japan and throughout northeast asia. Korea and japan should come up immediately with a plan to resolve the issues and restore dialog between their governments. In particular, to foster a summit between president moon jaein and Prime Minister shin jae abe. While supporting universal human rights and free trade. The role of the United States is very important here. The United States must take proactive steps to bring forth regional stability and to continue and strengthen trilateral Cooperation Among korea, the u. S. And japan. With that, i strongly urged the u. S. Play a fair and appropriate role to prevent the situation from taking a turn for the worse. Ladies and gentlemen, lastly, i would like to touch upon a subject which our survival depends on, peace on the Korean Peninsula. As you will agree, the most serious threat to peace on the peninsula is the north Korean Nuclear issue. The decisive factor in resolving the Nuclear Issue and achieving piece on the nuclear peninsula is the alliance between korea and the United States. Conflict between korea and the United States should not exist in the first place as most powerfully undermines peace on the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, negotiations and defense cost sharing, the transition of wartime operational control, joint military exercises. The strengthening of koreas military and Security Posture against north korea Nuclear Issue and korea and japan agreement should be discussed with close consultation between washington. Thats the only way to reach concrete and comprehensive agreements, as well as s substantial progress. We must not lose sight of the perspective, to further strengthen our alliance. Ladies and gentlemen, the trilateral Cooperation Among president moon jaein, President Trump and north Korean Leader kim jongun in addressing north koreas Nuclear Issue is a special lineup we may never see again. The three leaders should make their best efforts for dialog. Close consultation along the three leaders over the past two years led to the first ever u. S. North korea summit and transformed a dangerous situation that could spiral into war to regular dialog. It was a series of remarkable and dramatic moments that took the world by surprise. However, the current phase of repeated talks and deadlocks must end and we must now head towards achieving results in north koreas denuclearization. We look forward to a Bold Decision by north Korean Leader kim jongun, who places great importance on Economic Development. Theres no time for hesitation. I hope chairman kim realizes as soon as possible, the Nuclear Armament and Economic Development cannot go hand in hand. He must realize that sanctions against his country are Strong International agreements which even his countrys traditional supporters, china, and russia, are participating in. It is also important to have a program to guarantee the north korean regime, ease sanctions and improve u. S. And north korean in alliance with the programs in the process of denuclearization. Theres one thing to keep in mind. In any case, u. S. North korea dialog should not proceed at the expense of weakening the south koreau. S. Alliance or enter chretien korean relations. And south korea should never be left out. The korea and u. S. Government must clearly be on the same page on this matter. Chairman kim jongun must restore suspended intercreep talks for the sake of dialog with the United States and peace through the denuclearization. Needs to be aware that the negotiations with the u. S. Will not be able to achieve any progress without south koreas participation. North kore north korean must put an end to the slander of the south Korean Leader and government. Its my belief that improvements and interkorean koorngs cooperation and denuclearization will be the prosperity on the Korean Peninsula. Ladies and gentlemen, cooperation between the u. S. And china, as well as korea and japan and denuclearization of north korea, improvement in u. S. And north korea negotiations, to bring peace to the world and northeast asia and the Korean Peninsula. With our leaders and some determination, and a breakthrough in the current situation, i sincerely hope that all five countries, that is south korea, north korea, the u. S. , china and japan will be the vanguards of peace in the world. Thank you for listening. [applaus [applause] good morning, everybody. My name is john hammery. I want to welcome you, but first thank you for the strong and courageous speech. I mean, thats my american friends will not have unstood the strength and importance of what he said. So, go back and take a read at it again. A very important quote he shared with us today. Were very proud to welcome all of you. This is, i think, our 10th joint csis conference. We normally do these in seoul, but this time we thought it was timely to be in washington and i guess, i think all of the cameras here are probably evidence of that. Were very grateful that you could all be here. My role today is limited. Let me first say i want to say thank you to our ambassadors here, Kathy Stevens and mark l lipter and sandy so ably served as ambassador, grateful to have you here. Were very, very fortunate that john bolton is going to initiate this conference. You know, many times keynote speakers are rather ornamental. Thats not the case today. Hes going to be give us a deep and substantive discussion and victor chile is going to engage him in a q a that will bring out more of the content of his intellect as hes been thinking about these issues. He has a remarkable career having of course been the National Security advisor, ambassador the u. N. , undersecretary. A long and very distinguished career. If you were to give a label, however, to him, youd have to say hes an energetic patriot. This is a man who believes strongly in the fundamental civic values of american democracy and hes spent his entire career championing there. Were going to hear some of that today as he helps us think through one of the most challenging questions that we have to now face. I would ask you for your warm and sincere applause, welcome to the stage the honorable john bolton. [applaus [applause] well, thank you very much, john. I appreciate the kind words of introduction and i want to thank center for Strategic International studies and the host of todays forum for their invitation to speak. I think this is the 9th or 10th such forum and its a great opportunity, very timely, to discuss a lot of critical issues. And i also want to congratulate csis and john and victor cha for this is also the 10th anniversary of the korea chair at csis. And so, it marks a decade of contributions that the chairs nonpartisan objective research has made to the Public Policy debate on korean issues that are so important to the American People and to the korean people. Its really been a significant accomplishment for victor and john and all of csis. I am delighted to be here today. Im also sure the leadership of north korea is delighted im here today in a private capacity. At least thats what ive read. Perhaps theyll be a little less delighted now that i can speak in unvarnished terms about the grave and growing threat that the north Korea NuclearWeapons Program poses to National Security. Lets start with what i think are the main precepts of dealing with the north Korean Nuclear threats are. First, it remains unacceptable for north korea to have deliverable nuclear welcomes. By the word unacceptable, i dont mean some rhetorical flourish by a politician. I mean that our policy should be that we do not accept it. We will not accept it. Second, it seems to me clear that the dprk has not made a strategic decision to give up its Nuclear Weapons. In fact, i think the contrary is true. I think the strategic decision that kim jongun is operating through is that he will do whatever he can to keep a deliverable Nuclear Weapons capability and to develop and enhance it further. He may try to get relief from international sanctions. He may make some concessions. But under current circumstances, he will never give up the Nuclear Weapons voluntarily. Now, this is, if you will permit a personal observation, this question of whether theres a strategic decision to give up Nuclear Weapons is what the libyan model, 2003 and 2004, properly understood actually means. At that period, we saw Moammar Gadhafi make an unambiguous decision that he and libya would be better off without developing Nuclear Weapons. He came to that decision for a variety of reasons, because of the overthrow of Saddam Hussein by u. S. Led coalition. The subsequent capture of Saddam Hussein and the ship, with the uranium rich components manufactured by the a 2 con proliferation network, that told him that we knew what he was up to and at that point he made the clear decision that he was going to give up Nuclear Weapons. We have seen not only nothing like that from north korea, as i say, we have seen the opposite and i think its important to understand that the current north korea moratorium on testing of Nuclear Weapons and testing of icbm intercontinental range Ballistic Missiles, tells us nothing about either north koreas intention or its strategy as its playing out. One reason, one very good, very troubling reason theres no more testing of Nuclear Weapons for the moment or of long range missiles is that north korea in its judgment finished testing and can produce Nuclear Warheads and long range ballistics missiles. Thats not an encouraging sign, thats a sign to be worried about. Moreover, the testing of shorter range Ballistic Missiles that weve seen in recent months doesnt give us any reason to think that those are not threatening because the capabilities, the technology, things like maneuverability of close range or short range Ballistic Missiles by definition can be adopted to longer range Ballistic Missiles, so that indeed, the testing going on now is not unthreatening unless you happen to be in south korea within range of these missiles, but those for the defensive capability of japan and even the United States when you get to the intercontinental range. Now, in the past we have been very clear what our expectations were of north korea, both with respect to Nuclear Weapons and Ballistic Missile tests. If you look back to u. N. Security Council Resolution 1695, adapted on july the 25th, 2006, and security Council Resolution 1718, adopted on october the 14th, 2006, after the in the first instance, 1695 after north korea broke its moratorium on launch testing of Ballistic Missiles from the Korean Peninsula and for 1718 after that Nuclear Weapons test, the United States and the security counsel were very clear in their response. I know this because i helped write both of those resolutions. 1695 dealt only with missiles, 1718 dealt with both and ill quote from 1718 just to remind everybody how clear it was. In operative paragraph 2, the unanimous security counsel said and i quote, demands that the dprk not conduct any further nuclear test or launch of a Ballistic Missile. And in operative paragraph 5, the council said that it decides that the dprk shall suspend all activities related to its Ballistic Missile program and in this context reestablish its preexisting commitment to a moratorium on missile launching. North korea today as we speak is violating those resolutions. Now, i say this not because of a theological commitment to u. N. Security Council Resolutions. I say it because when the United States, having led the fight to get those resolutions, says we really dont care, other countries can draw the conclusion that they dont really care about the sanctions contained in those and other resolutions. So when you ask for consistent behavior from others, you have to demonstrate it yourself. And when we fail to do that, we open ourselves and our policy to failure. Now, remember, also, what it is that caused the concern in 2006 when north korea broke this moratorium. In 1998 north korea for the first time launched a Ballistic