Question. Start off with the administrator, everybody seems to be on the same page about the importance of cooperation. What do those words get transformed to the concrete actions like an extension of the iga, Bilateral Agreements or something firm and finding against the various agencies working together. I try to answered what you are staying. You are asking very general. All of these agencies over here, they are already activities going on in cooperation. Not only the International Space station but also other programs, agreements. If you asked concretely this is another question. For that we are looking our meeting already since now, two or three years at least. This is more important than that just the agreement. The agreement has to follow up i hope. Scenic thats right, it starts with those of us up here working together to come up with a concept that we think it would work. It ultimately ends with those taking it back to the Political Leadership of our countries are our organizations. The European Space agency for example has to go to it its administrative yield. Nasa has to go to United States congress and so, we are working to make sure that at the end of the day, our programs funded and it is kind of like a jigsaw puzzle. It takes some time to put it together but all of the pieces will come together. We just have to continue to work on it until they all come together. So thats what all of us are working on right now. My name is copia, from the uk. I have two questions. First one for a design, i was so impressed and pleased and surprised to hear the announcement of the u. S. Going back to the moon and lending on the surface by 2024. At the time, i thought wow thats a tough call. Since then, i am really impressed with what you have done engaging the private sector on international firms. More helpful that that would happen. So the question about how that is progressing. Particularly on the funding. Are you getting all of the support of the budget at the rate you need to hit that goal. We are confident they were going to get the resources necessary to achieve and state. Right now, we are operating on a very shortterm continuing resolution is the house has passed an asset appropriation bill. It is very im going by the way. It increases nasas budget. They passed a bill the same week that nasa announced that we would like and we amended our budget request so that we could go to the moon and accelerated fashion. Senate passed the bill, the market up in committee very week we asked for the amended budget request. The senate has now marked of a bill that is very positive for an accelerated path to the moon. Its on everything that we asked for, but what we need to do is we need to get those two bills to agree and what we call conference. And i just agree with each other but to grant the funding loophole that is necessary to accomplish the moon landing. So i think we are capable of getting the budget that is necessary. I am confident that it will happen. I would also see is you mentioned, one of the challenges is with the timeline its not just budgetary. In his process. The historical way i wish nasa goes about acquiring these capabilities, takes a long time. We put out an rfi that takes six months. Industry spent six month responding to the ir i, and we spent six was putting out an rfp and then industry spent six months responding. And we spent six of us source of election, then industry spent a couple of years protesting the source selection. And at the end of the day, we spent three pictures before we get on contract. You guys can do the math. It is a long time. When we go fast, with the means is we better do things differently. So instead of nasa purchasing and operating the hardware, what we are looking at doing is buying service to get from the gateway and the service of the moon and back to the gateway. That is what we have put out and what we call a Broad Agency Announcement of daa, right now were in the blackout. Period, thats how those proposals are coming back. I can tell you of this, there is a lot of interest. In the course of this week, at the International Astronautical congress, i think you are going to see a lot of announcements regarding Different Companies and organizations that are interested in going to the service of the moon. So i think the timeline is still very achievable. I do think that we need to make sure that the budget is commensurate with the timeline and we are working towards an everyday. Is we work through it, the methods we were working with our International Partners to get is much International Support is we can, in order to achieve the objectives. The goal is the land of the moon within five years. Enemy sustainable by the year 2028. When i see sustainable, thats for the gateway comes in, is the reusable command module. We want you reusable lenders that can go back and forth from the service to the moon and are met around the moon. We need to drive down the cost for the rocket, and capital is time goes on, cost will come down. But at the end of the day we are trying to achieve is the sustainable return to the moon. All we have people leaving working for long periods of time. Is already delivered, introduction, and the procurement phase. The european side to deliver is early is possible. Excellent day one, the moon mission is international in nature on day one. We want to expand here for share with more International Partners. We are very excited and in fact is we make the sustainable, going to need more European Service modules. So jan has his work out from him is it too. Afp. Does your opponent use the gateway to land european astronauts on the moon. Is this part of the discussion. Do you want to see other nonus and surveillance, also on the moon. If so, what is the timeline. There is lots of room on the moon and we need all of our International Partners to go with us to the moon. That is a vision. That is what we are trying to achieve. If we can come to an agreement on the contribution of all of the Nations Health theyre going to be part of the architecture then certainly i would see that there would be no reason we cant have all of our International Partners on the moon with us. We do not have to duplicate the dis modules. We can work really together. We are in discussion also with nasa so that we have european astronauts on the surface of the moon. Europeans intention. But this does not mean that we are starting to build our own human planner. This its not necessary. It is important that we are doing it together. It can bring us together to the gateway. There is a plan also to have European Land but not for a few months at this moment. So yes we want to have your pans on the surface of the moon but incorporation in addition, we are asking our members in the state, for robotic systems in addition. We need both. Is very simple question for me because the japanese astronauts onto the surface of the moon. [laughter] from the very beginning we said, our school would be the service. Thats why we are joining the Gateway Program because we were trying to optimize that objective to apply. We decided the most efficient way would be to walk together. Systems ourselves, something we are planning to do for gateway but transportation system. We are going to build and is going to be a joy system. The way we do it, for international expectations. We have several opportunities to expand. At this. , we have one but in the future several. And then we can send a few months into space. So we think that another system transportation system, and a lot of modules for gateway, would be our participation in the program. In the way and how we do this, we can do and see for later. Coming to india, a priority, we need to have the capability. We already have the human spaceflight program. Meantime, for the moon, the Long Term Plan to sustain the moon exploration has already been taken up. To alleviate, a question of priority. There is an opportunity for us. Obviously it was clear that the elephant in the room today was china. Judging from all of the questions that were asking, including questions coming over the internet. Theyre asking, recognized by everybody is an important absence. It is also my question, regarding the formulation of Vice President , talking United States taking the lead together with all of the freedom loving nations of the world. Obviously china is probably not included in that. There may be other countries not included in that either. Is this significant change from how the Space Program has been dealt with by the United States ever since kennedy, when his first thought was to Work Together with the soviet union go to the moon and they refused. And we went alone. But ever since then, there was an attempt to use space has a means of bringing countries together. Not of separating them. So the formulations of the Vice President today were pretty strident in monday people his ears. I was wondering is that a shift in policy now and what would the United States be wheeling to work with china on. Have we gone a step further from that now. Or were not going to work with them at all in space or what does this actually mean. Your. On the local amendment is right on. We are prohibited by law from working with china in a bilateral sense. On Space Exploration by the wolf amendment. Every year it gets reappropriated. In the reappropriated appropriations bill. Is far is cooperation is space, i think that space does represent that unique opportunity to bring states together that normally dont come together. I would tell you that i am sharing the stage with russia. There is no doubt that we are aware that we have terrestrial disputes and are very clear and transparent. Everybody sees them. When it comes to cooperation on the International Space station, our relationship is very strong. It has been strong and we want to keep it strong. And of course we would like to extend it even further. So all of this i think is what unique about space. I would also see that when we think about the future, we do need to be careful about things like the theft of intellectual property. We need to be careful about the and how we go about bringing in new partners and that ultimately could be more harmful than helpful in the future. And i think that is probably what the Vice President was references in his speech today. Broadly, im vaguely familiar with the decision. What is the balance between requests to continued funding of iss. Pass the 2024 with the desire to then go into deep space. Human exploration and also for the status of getting launch of the mln to the iss. Thanks. Emma l will be launched next year. The ba and year will be delivered. Therefore, compromise between iss and future expiration. For sure we are not going to abandon. We are estimating what is the most efficient way to stay in orbit. We had several projects. Preflight modules, separate russian built stations but finally we are looking through all different options. We found that continuing what we are using now is most efficient. We spent a lot of effort and time and expertise to build together. Actually i think is Remarkable Development we have. Not only technically but we have learned to look to get Work Together and i think at this. , and if we are going to stay in orbit, this is the most efficient way to do that. It doesnt prohibit us from exploration, we are trying to do exploration is much is possible. We are trying to determine the participation in exploration but we are going to participate for sure. I am proposing in five weeks time, and what we call an extermination envelop program. It covers the iss and gateway. We dont see that a desired third or grade is in executive, see we need both. We need the micro research on monday surfaces in the iss is the geopolitical value. Therefore we believe we should continue that. There will be an end of iss. We are thinking about that as well. First of all we need, at the same time we need joint activities because the geopolitical is so high. Therefore this time we dont see either or but it most, we are looking to the future to see how it develops. I think the internationals base program its not not abandoned, but to expand the band rio, pine activity from leo to the whole system. The same time, the discussion is happening in japan. Its between iss and expiration. Anyway, the importance, will not change. We will have to be at the lower orbit. The players will be changed. Or might be changed. Not only the government, but also monday more private sectors will join us. And the other thing is that iss and beyond iss anyway, that area can be used for innovations for the future exploration on the moon. I would see, i want to add a little bit in exploration. It is working for exploration. We are doing some experiments on that. I think one of us should be considering what comes next. I dont think any of us wants to be a day where we dont have a few months and lower over it. Right now the International Space station is that capability and all of our nations not working together from our almost 20 years. Maybe some additional partners in the future, we have been able to keep that going. Heres whats important to note though. Was mentioned a few seconds ago. We know it cant last forever. How long can last. We still dont know. It is looking im going right now. But we know it cant last forever. So we need to be thinking today about what comes next. I think there are two lines of efforts that are going to make a big difference. One is industrialized biomedicine. So right now, we the United States segment yard using the International Space station, and our partners are as well, to work on two specific lines of effort. One is industrialized biomedicine and the other one is advanced materials. So when it comes to compounding of pharmaceuticals, or creating immunizations, these are capabilities that will transformational for humankind here on earth. When we talk about creating right now, we are trying to prove that we can continue create human tissue in three dimensions on the International Space station in a way you cannot do in the gravity on earth. It tissue would just go flat. In other words we are trying to prove that we can continue print and three d human organs on the International Space station. And what we are trying to do is use the International Space station for those transformational capabilities here on earth that ultimately result in capital flows going into habitation lower over it. The commercialization of habitations of lowers orbit. That has to be the goal if we are going to give a 1. 0 presence of human habitation. In order to achieve that, were going to have commercial resupply to be successful which it already has been. It is about to be, knocking on wood. In about commercial habitation. Now nasdaq, will always have a present and lower orbit but we want to be the customer. We want to be one customer of monday customers. And we want him numerous providers that are competing on cost and innovation. Of course want to be there with International Partners. And we want them to also have commercial capabilities and lowers orbit as well. So i think there is a robust market place and i think we are really about three to seven years away. From just one significant breakthrough that will result in capital flows that will be significant enough to have a capability after the an International Space station. But we gotta make sure that we dont lose sight of the fact, have a gap year in the United States of america. After apollo into before space shuttle, medigap and human spaceflight. And we had a gap after now before commercial group, medigap in our access to space even though we been able to partner with russia with their rocket, which has proven to be a just an amazing capability. Weve got to make sure that we dont create those gaps in the future. That is what we are working on on our side. Thank you. Is you suggested, you do need gateway to do a quick lunch. Have you thought enough about a secondary and what sue and jack did it. And can you convert the gateway into the lower orbit station. So the second question is y yes. What was your first question . abwe have the sls rocket which i would say is alma five yard line about to be punched into the end zone coming out of the chute at the facility at the end of the year. We will green run tested and then it will be qualify for human spaceflight on day one. Thats a big deal. Qualified every component every subcomponent it will be a qualified rocket for human space on day one. Same with the orion crew capsule will be qualified for human space flight on day one. European Service Module is complete theyve made it and heading up to the Glenn Research center for testing. Remember what the goal is, the goal is to get humans to the moon within five years. In order to achieve that we need to take advantage of the capability of the current sls and orion are the capabilities. Heres the challenge, with the sls rocket European Service module we do not have enough delta v to get into low lunar orbit and out of low lunar orbit. We need to find more energy. Where do we find that . We find that at the gateway which is why weve accelerated the development of the gateway. The gateway is a command module a command Service Module in orbit around the moon permanently and what we call a n