As we settle in i often pick a word for the day. A kind of how i govern myself often times and my frame of mind. But today im going to take an image of the day if you look at your screen, one of our commissioners shared with me this image and i think it sets the tone and stage and underscores the importance of why we are here. This is a chinese book for kindergartners and even if you dont speak chinese, circled r. Two letters, ai. Kindergarten textbook. The senator talked about us getting ready from grade school to graduate school. Now we are talking about kindergarten or even pre k. If we are going to keep ahead and stay number one when it comes to ai so i just want to start with this image because again it really for me underscores the urgency of why this commission was formed and why its so important as we are here today. We have a broa had a broad mandh concrete steps the government should take to build and maintain a Machine Learning work force to address the National Security defense needs of the United States. Over the last eight months this working group assessed the current state of the National SecurityEnterprises Work force, explored the role of the workforce and you should play and examine how the government might recruit, train, educate, manage and to the extent that its necessary retrain the workforce. Now here are the judgments so far and you will affirm this if you have read the reports. National security agencies include extending the familiarity and spreading that use of modern software. It is especially critical because without more wellinformed readers who can go beyond talking points and reshape their organizations, the intelligence communities will fail to compete in the ai era. Now because of all of the military presence here today im going to make this the next point. The department of defense and the Intelligence Community do not have effective ways to identify the skills that already exist in the workforce. [applause] so i will make it out alive. They also failed to capitalize on the technical challenge. Existing authorities are adequate or close to adequate. Government agencies and departments are not fully utilizing civilian authorities talent due to the resource teams and commanders civilian leaders that do not hold of them sufficiently accountable. Am i going to walk out still . Expanding focus fellowship and Exchange Opportunities to give officials into Service Members access to cuttingedge technology and bring talent from our Top Ai Companies into federal service. These programs are in existence but need to expand. They should have an opportunity to use them when they returned to Government Service and my complementary this complaint is that they struggle to compete for top ai talent. The government needs to spend more effort showing the surface is an opportunity to solve problems and have a positive impact if they tried to reduce if it exists any disparate and raised for graduates. There are two questions we will explore with our panelists today since the talent pool depends heavily on internationals than ten workers or Global Competitiveness tenders on our ability to maintain toplines around the world. If we fail to do so it isnt clear how we will continue to compete and colleges and universities are under strain to keep pace with Computer Science generally. The number of Computer Science majors is increasing at ten times the rate of tenure status faculties of to begin and continue the discussion we asked doctor james chairman of the director with the Mckinsey Global institute and liberties with names especially if it allows me to. The former principal and Deputy Director of National Intelligence into the chair of the future work for singularity have the perspectives of these two questions primarily but not exclusively how important is how reorganization will structure for capitalizing on the technology and how should the National Security enterprises to get leaders and end users who do not participate in the Development Process to deploy and use them effectively and ethically. Dairy and thoughtfully. Organizational construct is very important into the second is how to deal with the existing workforce you have to do thoughtfully but let me create a quick start for you that beginquotebeginswith before r it we need to effectively integrate these technologies into the workflow so you have to have imperative if the organization doesnt believe it must then it would be a Technology Left to the innovators but it will not be upscale or speed for the Intelligence Community. You need to understand what your mission is. It isnt about secrecy. And if you look at this world with abundant data and technology and the speed of Decision Making than if you are the Intelligence Community and leader then you must find a way to introduce the ability to handle data from speed and volume but also defends making different technologies that are emerging so if not you would fit in to what is left over after the mission so thats number one in second, you need infrastructure. Talking about the information infrastructure to support it, we are at various stages even those of us have built infrastructure for human fees and now we try to figure out how because the data users are different than they must so theres that information but also what brings people into the mix and the reason you have to have that its people can play with the new capabilities. You need to be able to integrate it with no cost. It wont get the organization to figure out what to do if you dont have permission compared with the Technology Push so you have to have the infrastructure and organizationally we need two types of organizations, on two separate your technology. We can attract anybody. The mission is so exciting style they find they are supportive of the same kind of things they cannot pursue their craft so they go somewhere they can see have to find a way to support them and get around people the unit isnt necessarily the model we need so they organizational model and then the new work unit that allow the integration into the transfer ideas at speed into process the revolution and the organizations demanded all of them come crashing into those that were never expected to be defined for this moment and our contracting process for organizational process does that so one of the things we need to do is think about who we are putting in charge of designing a new processes because the people that we have now dont. As far as how you deal with a missed workforce you need to provide the opportunity to through the things they mentioned for people who want to be able to come some people wont be able to come and get me to treat them honorably and offer other solutions and we have a demographic problem we have to address. Leadership is the most urgent need because it doesnt understand this isnt a technical world and they wont trust that the idea is coming up and can affect the solution and i will end it there. What people find when they get there and i appreciate those points primarily. I think that its very spot on but i enjoyed seeing what was already in there. Now the fact that it put talent at the center is actually absolutely critical into the triangle that is critical what is it about the ai talent i would argue for or five things specifically the first problem is that too few problem which is enough people with distinctive capabilities and the government and broadly in the economy so we have too few problem we need to solve somehow made. This is coupled with a second problem which is why we cal whad call the pipeline problem. If you look at the pipeline that is the talent it is woefully weak whether we look at universities if the places we rely on for talent and International Students in the United States i was struck by the fact if you look at the data is just for example like less than 3 of it professionals under the age of 30. The pipeline challenge is absolutely important. The third is what i would call a mini type meter problem. What i mean by that is often in the talented workforce for ai we need many different types of people just talwedont just talp experts. We need many of those, phds or whatever they have and we also need people developing fundamental research and users to understand how this fits into the workflows. We need leaders and the report categorizes different types needed but its important to recognize the talent ecosystem here and value chain with different kinds of capabilities and fools. Some of them are easier to transition people. Some of them are harder, but its not a monolithic problem when it comes to the ai workforce. Problem number four is one might call the flu problem and it is a challenge that elements of the triangle, the flow doesnt work very well and in fact, you could argue the three legs of the triangle, government, universities and private sector, right now most flow to the private sector. Almost entirely. And the government is getting the short end of the stick. So how do we understand and solve the flu problem is problematic. The problem is also real for universities. That now that has more competitors. So with the National Security agency so what does this mean for the organizational structure cracks so that mutual reference from the private sector but one of the things that you see nowadays from those that havent hard time understanding that they now come to realize that those people and the fundamental of the whole enterprise. Is several agencies it has to be a part of the system. But also think about infrastructure and the question. One of the things specific to ai they will tell you the algorithms but also need to compute and you also need data. One of the reasons they go to the private sector this computer and data to make sure those organizations get people access to the leading tools that they need in those organizational things that are required. And also general shanahan pointed this out but often it is a mismatch that i think our defense agencies never match the pace of these new technologies and what they require. To go through testing and so forth. No organization is actually comfortable doing that. Let me and on a couple of notes. One of the things we have learned with the investment of technology with the private sector is the metric that people use with those technologies you need to invest another 20. Is not just buying technology but of these organizations this is what you are alluding to about the actual change that has to happen. It isnt something we ever really talked about which one of the things that helps a lot bringing people into an organization and those Career Pathways to go to the highest level so until we started to see the chief Technology Officer and those organizations in the Career Pathways this was not taken seriously. And to progress in the organization. That is required in the defense of National Security agencies. Those are some lessons learned. I want to second or third thank you for inviting me. I looking forward to seeing more of that output. I think tank based out of Silicon Valley. It is not about the singularity or university we are working on identity issues. [laughter] but is not an interim on university because we worked on curriculum two years but we change it every two months from experts to ai and nextgeneration medicine when i get to poke the brains on the impact the future of the organization. So to put these things down into the questions that were asked but typically the framing dad i get is we try to put her efforts on humans or change the systems like organizations and my answer is yes. The systems are at a disadvantage in the opportunities to help the right kind of skills and capabilities to solve those problems if you dont give them the tools in the learning they need you will have a continual mismatch so focus first on the humans. What i have heard a lot about is the framing that i see we are going through as big of a shift as we did from agriculture to industrial economy with the digital work economy and a short period of time. So what that means for humans there is a bunch of ways we are reacting to that and technology is a great enabler but also increasing the pace so we are shifting to a portfolio of work instead of one person one job parent say will my kid get a real job cracks huber at night and a startup and another job during the day is a response to a changing world. How do you think about how you leverage that unbundling of the work to channel those energies to solve the problem that you want to. Thats the first opportunity as we try to help humans upgrade themselves there are other issues with the workforce that we have to take advantage of because it creates opportunity if we change organizations in the right way and also it could be helpful if we use it correctly. Talking about the half a dozen ai superpowers. Not only china and russia but to be supported to solve the problems. So in the same way we see these constructs, the organization itself so from that model we have an organization. Its the box. Corporate hierarchy and stick people in the slots and we did that as a rational response to build factories but the best Communication Technology but now we have these digital devices we carry around and can communicate with half the people in the world the communication and organization has to change we call this unbundling the organization. Basically the idea is if you want a picture but to shift the model of the network. The more you unbundle the organization and soften the walls germane to agencies especially with apprenticeships and leveraging crowdsourcing platforms having people come through with a tour of duty that can help you to take advantage of the resources of the skill sets of people to solve these problems you can open the box and a better advantage that you have. But i have nine courses right talk about these issues but its not about change management but managing change but change management is the idea you could be done. Whats the difference . Its only managing change we cannot see any point at which that exponential change will slow down actually what of our favorite phrases today is the slowest day of the rest of your life. You look back in ten years and say i remember when you cannot embed chips in your head and put closing your closet. We always say it will increase so the idea that an organization actually has some future can see that so the process is needing to be able to help people continually adapt especially with ai and that technologies themselves that will only increase. Now my head hurts. Listening to the three of you there is a very simple refrain i can put forth is that you are demanding from us or asking us these organizations in ways that are not organically poised you are throwing out the entire model if you are not saying that, please counter the model Going Forward to enable the things that we speak of. And what is necessary for National Security. The way we go up to it now. I would be scared if i thought the future world was for the technology and humans to self organize. I think one of the difficulties of the last 20 years of those pony express days had value now it is infinitely available to at the private sector where to go. You need government. But government cannot act with the functions in the same way that it did perk i love your quotation on change. I hate change but i love relevance more. [laughter] so to me what is the function of government or the National Security it just isnt working it is too slow. But people without imperative will have a hard time to deliver what we need. And just to prosecute a technology has limitations to it. Look at Mark Zuckerberg sitting in front of congress. Oh my god im responsible. What he understand he will started he did understand the volume of that technology. So the reason why im not concerned is organizations understand their purpose to develop new craft as you are articulating but if we think it is willynilly than those two are antithetical which is why some people look at china it will not yield it is some combination of those. So you worked in government. How do we get to your nirvana . With a very obvious feeling that could potentially prevent us with the outliers stomach you cannot convince me leadership does not matter. It does. It sets the direction of the parameters from the government perspective maybe to have longer horizon so i endorsed the proposal that i like it its foundational and the other thing is we need to create a membrane between the public and private sector for ideas. It cant just be one way the private sector will realize their solution has to work with scale and then reinvestment in the foundation to it with this application Going Forward. And to be more optimistic. I am optimistic for the following reasons. There is a lot of instances of the change and innovation we are talking about. The defense department. Look at the programs to provide those mechanisms to move back and forth. So look at those who have stepped up like general shanahan and i was cochair with the admiral. So you have these leaders who are emerging but the challenge is twofold. It is too small and too incremental and not moving quickly enough. So you might be able to live with that and slowly adapt and change in time. And i love numbers so if you think of the investment question we have a competitor called china. If you look at investing in basic research that peak of that was 1964 spending 2 percent of gdp now we have sustained that for a while and now about 6 percent of gdp. Now look at the other side at the rates of which they are investing if they keep up the rate of investment spending they will spend