Kind of governance how i conduct myself oftentimes and just my frame of mind. But today, im going to pick an image of the day and if you look at your screen, one of our shared with me, commissioner louis with me this image. And i think really set the tone and the state oimportance of why were here. And of course thesignificance of this panel. Now, this is a chinese book. For kindergartners. And circle even if you dont chinese, circled are two letters. Ai. Kindergarten, textbooks. Ai. The senator talk about us tooling ourselves and getting ready from grade school to grad school. Now were talking about kindergarten. Or even prek if were going to be keeping ahead and released a number onewhen it comes to ai. So i wanted to start with this image. Because again, its really for me othe urgency of why this commission was formed and why you think and know its so important that we are here today. And to explore the role of the aei workforce should play and how the government may recruit train educate and manage and is necessary to retrain the aei workforce. National security agencies for the ai era that includes the familiarity throughout the organization and infusing ethical training at every level with the use of modern software tools. Because without more wellinformed leaders who reshape their organization that the Intelligence Community will fail to compete in the ai era. Now i am hesitant what the military presence here today but i will make the next point. The department of defense and the way to identify ai relevant skills that already exist in the workforce bipap. So i will make it out alive thank you very much. [laughter] and to capitalize on the technical challenge. And that those were close to adequate Government Agencies are not fully utilizing authorities to recruit a high talent due to risk aversion and those to hold them sufficiently accountable. And expanding fellowship and Exchange Opportunities can give officials and servicemembers access to cuttingedge technology from the Top Ai Companies into federal service. Those that have valuable skills should have an opportunity to use them when they return to Government Service with those security agencies struggle to compete for top ai talent. And the opportunity to solve unique and exciting problems and have a positive impact and if it exist any disparagement of the workforce and recent graduates. There are two additional hard questions. And since the talent pool depends heavily on students and workers with the ability to attract top mines from around the world and if we failed to do so it is unclear how we will complete it on compete in colleges and universities are constrained with Computer Science generally. It is increasing it ten times the rate of the tenured staff. So it continues this discussion we have asked doctor monique chairman and director of the Global Institute and i take liberties with names it allows me to use the consonants that i use a lot. [laughter] and the chair for singularity. With these two questions primarily but not exclusively how important is structure to capitalize on emerging technologies and then to Resource Solutions effectively and ethically. Very thoughtfully. [laughter] so organizational construct is important and with the existing workforce but let me create a quick stat for you that begins before that i think the four things we need to have two effectively integrate these technologies into the workforce first is you have to have imperative if the organization doesnt believe that it must then it is a technology are left to the innovators and you will have change but not at scale or speed. So the Intelligence Community to see the world as it is and understand your mission is not about secrecy but knowing more sooner and if you look at this world with abundant data and Ubiquitous Technology than if you are the Intelligence Community then we must find a way to introduce the ability to handle data otherwise you will sit into what is left over after the mission in earlier panels talked about the information infrastructure to support it, we are all having different stages and most of us built it for human use and now we try to figure out and with those algorithms but also that brings people into the mix of those to play the capabilities. And if you dont have that infrastructure it has barriers and you cannot get that curiosity to get the organization to figure out what you can do. And organization to support technology that i would say we could attract anybody. With that possibility that when they come that they can find outside and cannot stand to pursue their craft. To support them and that you have to think of that organizational model has to change but working into it is not necessarily the model that we need. But that organizational model changes and to transfer ideas at speed and the last one is you need process. Because even when a leader wants it with infrastructure supporting it and the organization to demand it, all of that comes crashing that was never expected to be designed. Because that information process so to think about who we are putting in charge so how you deal with the mixed workforce . You need to provide the opportunity for those who want to come and then to treat them and from other solutions and we do have a demographic problem we will have to address and that is the most urgent need because fundamentally it is a technical world to trust the idea is coming up to effect a solution. And i appreciate those four points. And primarily everything that you said. First of all im delighted to be here and thank you for having me. I know theres still a lot more work to come and the talented workforce it is absolutely critical and when you think of the triangle that is government and the private sector what is it about the ai talent specifically i would argue basically so i will frame these as problems the first one are too few problems we dont have enough with distinctive k lawn ai capabilities and you can argue broadly in the economy there are too few problems that we need to solve coupled with the second problem that i call the pipeline problem. That looking at k12. And then to have that good domestic privately but also those that come to the United States. But that pipeline issue that i was struck by the fact and the fellow agents that suggest only something less than 3 percent of all it professionals, that is problematic. So the pipeline challenges so with the talented workforce we have a many types needed problem. And of the talented workforce for ai. Not just the deep experts and with the fundamental research and those to understand how they have to use these technologies. To categorize the different types that are needed. And the different kinds of capabilities some of those are easier to transition to that problem number four is a flow problem which is a challenge and then it doesnt work very well but then you could argue and in the private sector. Itll go one almost goes to private sector almost entirely. And it is real even for universities. And 23 years ago at that time if you were looking at the best Government Research of ai robotics you look at a handful of universities. This is the most fundamental research. This is a big challenge. We have known the conversations and i might characterize this as a mission problem that if you can imagine at the time when people can imagine it to do something good for the world like Public Service and that would be good for society. So look at the young graduates as one of the ways to change the world. So arguably the monopoly that Public Service use to have, the mechanism has now many other competitors. So what does this mean for organizations . And there are some useful lessons from the private sector. One of the things that Companies Understand it is more fundamental for what they do and they have come to realize but it is fundamental and called enterprise. But in fact they are just dealing with it in the corner but this shows up in a few places so i wont go into that but the me take a twist to the infrastructure question people will tell you that with the algorithms you also need tools and data. What is one of the reasons people go to private sector and then to give people access to the infrastructure that they need without that organizational change that was required. And then with that agility and pace and the defense agencies historically it doesnt quite match the pace of that the rationale requires for testing and so forth. All of those that are comfortable doing that. So one of the things with the Investment Technology of the private sector for every dollar investment that you make you need to invest another 20 and change management. Is just buying the technology that all the change ics see happening in the organization before it can fully capitalize. Maybe this is what you are alluding to do the actual change that actually has to happen and something that we really havent talked about is carrier pathways. One of the thing that helps is when you bring people into an organization and the Career Pathway where they can see to the highest level on the basics of the unique skills. We did this all the time until we started to see chief Technology Officers at the table and then people can see the clear Career Pathway. This was not taken seriously. It was people to see how they could progress in the organization. That is something fundamental that will be required at the nsa taking it to the topic of leadership. Those are some lessons learned. Wonderful. Thank you for inviting me and for the work that has been done on the report we look forward to seeing more on the output. I think tank based in Silicon Valley is neither about the singularity nor a university is not a university because in the United States to be accredited you have to put in your curriculum every two years but we change it every two months we have experts in everything from Artificial Intelligence and nextgeneration medicine and i can pull from their brains the impact on the future organizations and the future of learning. So the way that i read these questions typically the framing i often get is so to understand this are we putting efforts on upgrading humans or trying to change the systems . My answer is yes. Because it is a disadvantage to the opportunities to help the right kind of skills and capabilities that have those tools of learning than they will have a continual mismatch. So the framing that we are referring to going from agriculture to industrial economy with a digital worker economy and a shorter period of time so for humans there is a bunch of ways we are reacting to that and technology is a great enabler but also increasing the pace so we are shifting to a portfolio of work instead of one person one job and the ambiguous set of constructs and activities it also wondering when my kid will get a real job the answer is a day job and working on a start up with your friends and were at night will change the world. So how you think about how you leverage that unbundling of work to channel human energies to solve the problem that you want. Thats the first opportunity were trying to help bigger issues that we could actually leverage because it takes opportunity if we change our organizations in the right way. And then where technology can be helpful if we use it correctly. Talk about the half a dozen ai superpowers. So what that we can be supported to solve the problems of tomorrow with those organizational issues in the same way the constructs the organization itself is a whole idea of hierarchy. And in shift we created the organization and i use the analogy of a box there is scarcity inside and outside the box. And we do that as a rational response to build factories and channel the energies of humans when the best technology was a carrier pigeon now we have these digital distraction devices we can communicate with half the people in the world the organization has to change so basically the idea is to shift to a model of a network the more you unbundle and soften the wall that is germane to agencies of mentorships to leverage crop crowd sourcing platforms or anything that allows you to take advantage of the resources and the skill sets of people to help solve these problems you can open up that box with a better advantage to have nine courses right talk about these issues but it isnt any more about change management bat managing change there is a mentality that there is a future state and then you are done so whats the difference . We have a plan is only managing change we cannot see at any point it will slow down our favorite phrases today is the slowest day of the rest of your life. You will look back in ten years and say i remember when you didnt embed chips in your head. We always say it will increase to the idea that actually has some future static state we dont see that. So that process to help people to continually adapt especially with the lens of ai and the technologies themselves that will not slow down they will always increase we need a new way to think about these problems. Now my head hurts. Because i listen to the three of you and there is a very simple refrain i can put forth is that you are demanding from us or asking these organizations that the government academia to do something in ways that we are not organically poised to do. Because again you are throwing out the entire model that has built an entire framework and you say Going Forward with that model Going Forward of the things that we speak of and that is necessary for National Security the way we went about it up until now will not get us to nirvana. Thats right. And not scary. I would be scared if i thought the future world was for humans to self organize. One of the difficulties of the last 20 years of communications of the pony express stays when there was value that humans still try to process and the private sector tries to figure out where we try to go. You need government but government cannot act in this world to provide the functions it does in the same way. I love your quotation on change and mine is different but i love relevance more. So what is the function of government it cannot affected the way we have. It isnt working. It is too slow. Do you still have the people . But people without imperative will have a hard time to deliver the outcome that we need in the imperative just to prosecute a technology has limitations to what look at marker loan Mark Zuckerberg sitting in front of congress when he started he didnt understand the responsibility of that volume that technology has and now he does. So im not concerned because of organizations understand their modality to develop new craft as you articulate then i think we can get there but if we think it is willynilly or hold onto the ways ive done in the past that is antithetical to the progress that we need and then people say lock that down. It is some combination. You working government for more than a year or two. Since i was 20. How in the world . Im serious you have sticky floors and obvious ceilings that would potentially prevent us with the outlines what are those that are getting rid of the ceiling and sticking with and sticking us from the floor . The leadership sets the direction and the parameters and from a government perspective my responsibility is to have deeper pocketbook i wont endorse schumers proposal but that is a foundational frame and the other thing is we need to create a permeable membrane for talent and ideas and prophecy but it just cant be one way. The private sector has to realize there are solutions have to work at scale. So leadership and then reinvestment in the foundation to allow us to have the basis for application Going Forward. I am a little more optimistic than the question suggests. [laughter] for the following reasons but the call to action at the end of it i see there is a lot of instances of the kind of change and innovation we are talking about whether the Defense Department innovation board look at what leaders are doing and then to provide mechanisms to move back and forth so you have multiple examples this is good look where general shanahan and others i had the pleasure to cochair with the admiral task force of National Security and innovation so those that are emerging with the practices it is too small and too incremental and not moving quickly enough. And so to live with that to adapt and change over time so talk about the investment question is it just some fun numbers on this but then to invest in basic research but the peak of that was 1964 with a sustained research now we stopped for a while but now its about 6 percent of gdp. Now look at the other side. They are on path if they keep up the wage of investment spending at a time whereby all expectations that the scale and pace we are talking about requires we move much faster so with the call to action this is to do the bigger and faster is a problem and faster is a problem dont because of those budgetary allocations with those dynamics. But thats the reason why we find a way to bring the public along because we have to get the support. Its a democracy. Thats the beauty of the country but we have to bring the public along to understand this is foundational and fundamental. I am the last person to suggest complacently and nimbleness of Government Agencies but this is a work in progress we have all these poster children talking about nimble comely companies and i have spent time with the board of directors and the ceos asking the exact same who have all the problems like the innovators so they all try to focus on these issues but what you find there is some consistencies of first there are courageous leaders those that are setting the north star and then focus on managers because thats the linchpin that decides if your Organization Lives or dies. And a half to trade in a new model. If you want a great book on the subject is that in teaching dont get me started on education because i will go of