Rural communities that belong to us, and we we are their city. Right now were standing in the historic santa fe depot. When you think about building the entire city of amarillo, the materials for building our city came through this depot. They arrived by rail right here, and so our city has grown, and we started as a farming, agricultural town. But now we are an urban center for the texas panhandle of 500,000 people. So none of that could have happened without this location being right here by the rail and so much of our industry and even just our materials to live daytoday lives came right here. Of course, the depot say vacant. Were not using it for a train station. We dont have Passenger Service in our city anymore, but we are still a significant hub for bnss, and its important in the coast to coast travel of marketing goods by rail, were still an important part of that. And the reason amarillo was such a key point in the railroad was, yes with, the cattle industry. We traded cattle back and forth through kansas city from the panhandle region, but also just our agricultural commodities, wheat, cotton, corn. We took those all over the nation. And its such a rural area, it was so difficult to get to, it really expanded the food supply for the nation, and it really was a huge economic boost to our local Rural Economy to have the railroad here. Whether that was in the 18 is 90s or even the 1950s, the railroads been a very important part of the amarillo economy and the pan a handle economy. Panhandle economy. I think one of our largest problems is we are isolated. So from a geographic point of view, were the spot that everyone comes to, but were the spot. So its hard for us to change sometimes because we get sent in our ways set in our ways, and we dont have a lot of driving forces that force us to change because we are isolated. So just continuing to have a mindset that didnts to and adapts to and looks for change, looks for innovation, sometimes we struggle with that. But taking what could be a weakness and making it into a trent is that were pioneers. We like to solve our own problems. We dont typically look to the government or someone else to help us. We like the challenge. We just put our hands to the plow and push harolder and work harder harder and work harder, and i love that Pioneering Spirit in our community. In amarillo we put an emphasis in both local politics, statewide politics and National Politic things. Of course, everyones interested in the election thats coming up in 2020. I think amarillo has a lot of variance in its voting record. So itll be interesting to see whether or not we draw any candidates here to come and talk to us. Our voting record is traditionally very conservative, and were known, actually one of our districts here, our Congressional District is known as the most conservative district in the nation. District 13. So you go back and look at our voting record, we vote republican more than any other district in the countriment so it makes an interesting blip on the conversation point. But there are some assumptions that go along with that, and it doesnt always draw political candidates to come here and actually campaign. Its just a Great American city. And i think were poised right now at a little bit of a renaissance because we are experiencing a lot of positive momentum. So i think theres going to be a curiosity about our city. Theres going to be a curiosity about amarillo as people watch us move up through this renaissance, through the arts, through culture, through solving problems, through working together. I think its going to be a really exciting 20 years for amarillo. The cspan cities tour concludes its look at amarillo, texas, with author Claudia Stewart on the history of africanamericans in am april amarillo. For me, it was important to impart the rich history and the legacy of the africanamerican families here in amarillo. How they grew through the years, how they struggled during the Civil Rights Era and how they worked together. And so that closeknit family situation, structure and people knowing people, neighbors doing for one another, you know, really taking a village to raise the children, that was very, very important. The first black man in amarillo was a person by the name of jerry callaway. Jerry callaway was brought here by his employer. The only africanamerican establishing himself with a white family here in am april low. The second person amarillo. The second person that came was matthew bones hooks, and matthew wont hooks was bones hooks was a cowboy. He had broken broncos for various ranchers, and he worked with charles goodnight, one of the Founding Fathers of this area. Since there were no blacks here except for him and jerry, that he didnt he faced some discrimination in the area. But because he was working with prominent ranch holders, ranch owners, you know, he got he fared very well. In the establishment of the africanamericanen community here, it was his conversations with lee biggens at the time, who was another founding father of this area, about helping to establish a community, a black community that really was set apart from the white community. And they did that. So he got the money and the resources at that time from the biggens family and otherty fathers here in amarillo to help establish the black community. It was known as the flats at first. It was closer to downtown. But then as more and more families came, matthew bones hooks also sought to seek money for the establishment of the North Heights community as more and more families were coming. They were coming from all over south texas. Sometimes they would come to work the field, the cotton field, because this was an agricultural area. Or they came to work on the railroad or things of that sort. And that would probably have been around the 1920 because a lot of our churches in the black community were established around that time. The black population was, even though they were few in number, they were very closeknit. And they pretty much had to establish their own resources; grocery stores, churches, schools. Because of the animosity shown toward them by the white population here. Matthew boneses hooks was also instrumental in starting what wassen known as the dogie club here in amarillo because africanamerican boys were not allowed to join the white organizations. There was a maverick club, maverick boys and girls club even at that time. But africanamericans werent allowed to go there. So matthew bones hooks started the dogie club. And members of that club through the years are the ones that handed down those oral histories. At the time that we put the book together, charles kemp and Charles Warford had been members of that club, had actually worked with bones hooks and had a lot of great things to say about how he helped them become better citizens, better young men, you know, understanding the importance of family, gave them a work ethic and things of that sort. Thats one of the things that bones hooks was able to do with africanamerican boys, and he mentored them all throughout the years. I think some of the leader that were impacting the community especially during the Civil Rights Era was the leadership of the naacp. Membersof the community and and our churches, various ministers that had large congregations who also reached out for Community Unity and got their membership and others to Work Together for the betterment of the total community. We we had like, you know, 1 of the population at the school were africanamericans. Very small population. And there were some things that were going on that i felt were discriminatory in many ways because i didnt find that in other areas where we had lived, where we had been stationed in the past. One of the things that i found was that in coming to amarillo to shop, just a minor thing that really caught me was, you know, i lived in the dorm at wt and came to amarillo to buy makeup, for instance. And it was under lock key. Lock and key. I asked why the black makeup us was under lock and key, and the white makeup was out on the counter. And i was told by the management that thats the way its always been. Where are you from . I said, well, im not from this area, but that seems like discrimination to me. Why is it not out like everybody elses makeup out. They said thats the way its always been since theyd been there, and theyd been managing the store for quite a while. If i had a problem, i needed to talk to whoever sent the makeup. Okay, i asked them who sent the makeup, and the next time they come around, the sales rep, can we get it changed. Well, long story short, it took about six months of they never called me. I checked back with them and just asked for the number so that i could call the rep. And im still a student at wt. I got in touch with the rep in chicago and asked them if we could is have a meeting when they got to amarillo. Well, that happened with the management at woolworths, and when they were told that they were being blamed for needing to have the black makeup locked up, the rep said, well, no, thats not our prerogative. And if youre saying its up to us, we no longer want it locked up either. So that was changed. And it was just things like. That, that i thought at wt after inte gracious but there was still, you know, the lingering effects of racism still in the area. I think the conditions and the plight of africanamericans in amarillo today is a little different than it was in the past. We have better resources and better opportunities than we had in the past. Were still like 6 of the population, were still very few, but i think the strides of africanamericans in this community has been great through the years. You know, you cant legislate prejudice and bigotry. Bridge those gaps. You know, not only on the community that youre in, but the community at large. Because we all want the betterment of society. Were all human beings living on, in this country together. To pick the world a better place. Twice a month cspans cities tour takes booktv and American History tv on the road to explore the literary life and history of a selected city. Working with our cable partners, we visit various literary and Historic Sites as we interview local historians, authors and civic leaders. You can watch any of our past interviews and tours online by going to booktv. Org and selecting cspan citys tour from the series dropdown at the top of the page. Or by visiting cspan. Org citiestour. You can also follow the cities tour on twitter for behind the scenes images and video from our visits. The handle is the president cspan cities cspan cities. Heres a look at some books being published this week. Brian green explores the origins and future of the cosmos in until the end of time. In whistleblower, former uber engineer susan fowler speakes out against the Sexual Harassment culture she says she encountered while working for the company. In congress at war, historian fergus boardwick argues the civil war was won by the house and senate. West point professor of law tim bakken argues use of Blind Loyalty in the military has led to failure both on and off the battlefield in the cost of loyalty. In the boston massacre, a historian looks at the personal conflicts that led to the revolutionary war. Copp nor doherty Connor Doherty in golden gates. And in dark towers, New York Times financial you would to have david enrich takes a critical look at Deutsche Bank and its dealings with donald trump. Look for these titles in bookstores this coming week and watch for many of the authors in the near future on booktv on cspan2. [inaudible conversations] please welcome dr. Lynne cheney and karl rove with your moderator, susan eisenhower. [applause] you dont want to fall off the steps went you enter the dais. [laughter] lets see, i they told me left. All the way over. [laughter] karl, you know the difference between right and left, dont you . [laughter] yeah, youre on their right. [laughter] welcome,