It feels like this is a conversation with science. Without science we wont be having this conversation but ultimately this is a conversation about ethics because all of technology no technologies come with their own builtin value system it is up to us to infuse our values into at least the most significant application of those technologies. Since the hardcover version came out last april i have a preliminary reference to the first crisper baby who are born. But since then we know there are at least three of these genome ed babies then after that experience the World Health Organization created its International Advisory committee. We are working extremely hard to try to suggest at least what might be a framework for how we think about and apply these very powerful technologies in ways that maximize benefits. I was honored to be invited to go speak at the vatican about this. People from the vatican are also participating. My view is that this is about the future of our species we need a table is big enough for everybody from religious conservatives at various backgrounds to the diy bio background hackers. We are all in this together. This trend is intersecting with the coronavirus crisis. Weve have these kind of pandemics in the past. We have never been able to have those guests get the digital readout of the code. We have never have computer models that could allow us to test different responses. Weve never been able to develop diagnostic test these quickly. They were able to see and watch this viral genome mutate around the world. Who is also on this call. Is working to bring together the bio banks from around the world to say are there patterns that we can use. We could make smart decisions around once we have that kind of knowledge. Developing vaccines. These are people who are saying maybe we could do in a year maybe some are same two years. They said we didnt know if we could ever achieve it. George is a scientist of the possible. We will ask him what he thinks. And the developing surveillance systems. All of these tools are essential tools and we wouldnt have them but for the incredible with the challenges. How do we optimize the benefits and minify the harm. Be hard enough if we were living in some sort of abstract world. We live in a world that is gonna write about this in the book. Its defined by politics and the political context in which we live. And certainly we have seen that in the political failures the failure of china especially in the first three weeks of this outbreak. The failure of the United States to test and had adequate information that could be provided to the american people. I would say the failure of the World Health Organization but the failure for decades that was resourcing and empowered and that the mandate to do the job. Every human on earth would want it to do. And then the science exists within the context of global power structure between the United States everybody i think in this meeting everyone around the world in a way that we havent really gotten since sputnik understanding science. Is not just something for professors not just so we can understand the world around us and make sense of things but so we can make smart decisions so we can protect the people we love. And that as the origin of having darwin 23 years ago. My then boss and now good friend who is also on this call Richard Clarke clark he was telling everyone who would listen. Fighting all kinds of internal fights. That is just one little thing. And tragically when 911 happened. You always used to say that to be a really be effective we have to look around the corner. We have to try to see whats coming. This conversation is definitely we have to get through this crisis. Is not just this virus its not just coronavirus are deadly pathogens its a whole suite of things that those we had organized ourselves around states and not empowered to do what needs to be done. What the book is trying to do. As the truck pull all of those pieces together if i wanted a science book to feel like it was a story. This was the greatest story of all time. In this revised paperback. Under this story and the first three crisper babies. There is more on deadly pathogens. To understand. My feeling is my package of things that people need to understand. A lot of good books in each of these categories. It also includes the readers guy because people are home i hope they will read the book and talk about it everybody got it. There is a political guide because we have to be asking our elected officials in our government officials what are they doing. As an author, we write a book once you deliver it becomes everybody else. Everybody else owns it. I really hope that whatever the digital equivalent is a people marking up a book and ripping up pages and whatever it is i hope you will use this. They are practically giving it away. The official price is 4. 75. And its amazon price like 3. 50. As in you will know nobody in the history and the world had ever made money off of writing books. Moments like this. A lot of fear and we all have a tendency to hunker down in moments like this and really just focus on the things that we have to that are right in front of us. In such a huge and fundamental way. We will have to take a step back and see the big picture. Together identify what is our north star and where are we heading and then we can evaluate the decisions we make along the way based on our goal of where were hoping to have. If there is anybody who sees the big picture. And what science has the potential to be an implications of that it is my friend george church. In such an honor for me to have all of my people who are the speakers. I think most people believe he is one of the greatest living scientist at least on this planet. He certainly is the most creative and forward thinking scientist. Not everybody is trying to resuscitate the woolly mammoth. He is todays charles darwin. He grew a beard to look like it. You judge for yourself. And we have discussed we would love for you to share your thoughts. How can i best be used to address the Current Crisis and be on. It is truly an amazing time. I feel like we need to embrace both the threat of the challenge but we also had to think about the silver lining. And believe emily the remarkable things that are coming out we are seen lower activity of flu and rsv. In addition to this horrifying one. And it boosts our commitment to having better preventative messed medicine in the future. We do not see that spike so much. Finally we got it right. The creativity boost that comes from been being under fire. In those couldve saved us 2 trillion anywhere up tens of millions of dollars per year on the topic of hacking darwin and they said. I think they need to sit about think about this in general. It doesnt even have to involve dna or rna. It is very far from our ancestors. This includes things like gml insulin. Therapy, diagnostic. A zoom that were on right now. Many of these things can be considered enhanced literature ancestors. Most of them are what is allowing us to have the health that we had right now. I think thats kind of distracting. It takes decades to program what were seen right now entering to is something that goes much faster. Most of our technologies also go much faster. Anything is that is engineering of our life. My colleagues and i there divided broadly into therapies lets start with therapies this is very fast compared to most new drugs which take a decade. Its a frustratingly slow for those of us that are locked down. In the therapy category things like there are receptors that we know of. There is a small molecule. Other viruses that can be adapted. Many of these have already been approved either for Clinical Trials or for use. It makes a faster path to those. For vaccines what other things one of the things weve already got different vaccines in the pipeline. Thanks to all medical volunteers and workers. Who are put through the front lines of this. Theyre getting injected either intentionally or through their patients i will take a moment to thank them. The vaccines are tested even though they had been tested on the related viruses the antibodies actually make it possible for the virus to infect cells. They allow them to go to the immune system. We need to be very cognizant since of sense of this as we design antibodies this is not a highly mutable virus. One immune problem to make this at risk. For the next 12 hours it came from nowhere we are developing organ like systems that may be better with the other models. It may take 18 months to deliver. They could eliminate the problem more than just flatten the curve in 18 months. I think having to do with the way we interact with ourselves and each other. And the environment. Every time we see another person outside and were getting close to the sixfoot limit and we see politicians in the same room they should all be wearing masks. We should be taking pictures and documenting just how that is a challenge for all of us to document the pictures and how what we are making progress from this. We are developing rapid home test. These are getting down in the order of a dollar or less per death and they could happen some of them could happen in five minutes and some of them could handle more samples and more accurately even variations that occur. With the logical reactions. To go back into the workplace you would want to be positive. And the positives you want them to have very low faults you can look like you head in a vice to coronavirus but there is a lot of common cold viruses out there. You have to have a very. More in the news about these zero positive test we need to keep that in mind. All of the above and all of the vaccines and diagnostics. One of those is a personal genome project. This is your project. Anybody can see the data. This is really the moment production a project. We need to head diagnostics that are not just custom for the moment that we have to struggle even in other countries is not clear that it is that they have a high enough sensitivity. In any case we need something where we can be looking in advance at all of the things that are causing us respiratory distress and the Drug Resistance and so forth. That is my list of what we can do and what we are doing projects all over the world. We have a way to make any virus this would fit nicely with the jamie book. Its a second to solve our problem in the next couple of weeks but it is a very interesting thing that we can do. I look forward to the conversation that is coming up very soon. Thank you both so much for giving us tons of things to think about. I will turn it over to daniel. I agree with a lot of what you said. So clearly we are going through a moment of seismic change. Everyone in the world needs to see the work that they are doing. And we need to support it. The system reproductive history. We are changing the nature of consumption and of life. I particular less sanguine about what is to come out of this moment youve a very lovely phrase starting out. That lacking in fdr at the moment people are providing hope im a support and encouragement. Thats great. There is other things that governments usually provide. And infrastructure. Concerns for inequality. All of these technologies because they are so pathbreaking it needs some set of guidelines around them. And some concern for who is getting access. Who is dying disproportionately. Where did the rules for this brave new world come from. Can we actually create them ourselves. Governments created them. Or do we need to rely on our political system. It is a great question. I 100 believe in government. We are now suffering in here in the United States we will be dying in large numbers because of a systematic failure of our government. Its really a tragedy that the countries that are doing well. They actually trained here that used to be the Gold Standard for public health. Government is not the solution it is a problem i was not at all suggesting that we dont need government i think we are having a crisis of governance on multiple levels and if our government is failing us. We all need to step up to play a role that most people they dont think it is up to them to prepare for some kind of hypothetical deadly pathogenic outbreak. And you dont adequately fund them. And you let the culture shut down. Can you berate them. Its no big deal until there is a fire. And then you have a big problem. We need governance. In the absence of the kind of government we need. We need to come together to make that happen. And the same is true on a global level is not coincidental that there is a total mismatch between the Global Nature of the problems that we face in the way we are organized to face them. We have not been able to solve issues not just deadly pathogens. Climate change injure destruction of our oceans. All kinds of things. Its because we live in this world where they show that that balance of power was inherently unstable. Some brilliant people of a different kind of world. They pooled our sovereignty and the identities that are happening. The countries were willing to give these International Organizations the ability to do the job that needed to be done in the International Organization and they have all kinds of shortcomings. One of the things i do know that im working on now is i drafted out and put out in the world. Now we have a Big Community and 25 countries working on this. The global interdependence. We have seen this virus which is showing us how connected we are. Not just between our countries. And wouldnt it be better if we said hey, this is a virus that affects everybody. How can we Work Together to solve the problem. I do think this is a transitional moment if we dont come to this realization that governments matter and governance matters on every level individuals alone cannot do it. Having said that i had been encouraged by what i have seen just in these last few weeks. Seventy new and incredible communities working together. Thank you everybody. We look at this exceptional time. Weve heard it used 70 times in the context of this case. But also potential technology. The new book is hacking darling. Im curious if we were to takes take a couple clicks there. How much would we be hacking our future diagnostics and response. And responding to those that might emerge. You can sequence the new coronavirus. And three hours they took it and made it dna. Were they were doing our day vaccines. If we could imagine what would be possible as we hack the pandemic response. It is remarkable how fast we can reunite dna the real bottleneck is no longer reading and writing the dna. It is the testing to make sure that we dont jump ahead but i think weve got that lined up but now you can read and write in an order of a month. And it takes somewhere between 12 months and ten years. Just to go back briefly to the government. It is not just government but the reason that the cost and all of these things have come down is largely due to intubation which probably wouldve come about whether it was capitalistic or government funded or not. A lot of this was funded by industry. We need Good Governance of our company. As will is our nation i think its particularly clear in the question that you just ask. I would just add you are a great person to answer this question. In addition to all of the progress that we are going to make and all of the scientific tools that we need and an exponential is everywhere. When we think about how long it took to go from the bronze age to the iron age. They came out in 2012. The worlds first genome edge. Science is moving at work speed. We want to talk a little bit about the science but the superstructure around it. We actually put out a piece last year on this. Maybe it is part of the un. The top six or seven really a fundamental threats that we are facing. And certainly deadly pathogens would be one of them. We have this which ive almost certainly had it naturally occurring. It was just a few years ago a team and alberta created a synthetic version. Now its done for a few thousand dollars. It is democratizing and all of the good guys 99. 9 are the good guys like george. But there are bad actors who could have access to this technologies. Now is a good example of where you can say this is a good strategy for doing it. Why dont we have a un agency that is empowered into resourced and we say its your job to identify the six or seven. Im here to develop. With the action plan. Have we done that for pathogenic outbreaks we could at least imagine how we would have a responsive system that wouldnt allow everything to break down rather than this virus there had been a nuclear detonation. We would be having this exact same call. Theyre in the hands of bad guys. And lets just say there is an ocean collapse. Working to save our oceans. Imagine if we have an act or system collapse inside of the ocean. They get that wed be having the same call. How can we solve this problem. Its how we think about and face a longterm systemic approach. It made them experts. It has been pretty abstract. What are some of the specific ways that they will change in the aftermath of this pandemic. With the way that we collaborate and it might do science that way. Youve already seen. Companies that would normally keep things as prior prioritize. They will make competing products. Whether its academic in some cases home and corporate. It could change back. That is possible. I think the internet is becoming an much nicer place than it was. It was ideological and it still there. But there is a 1999 business here going on and the internet. But in the science part i think well have a real boost with the kind of surveillance. I dont think we need the Multi National thing. We know what the big threats are. What we need is creative Sustainable Business models where we can get everybody excited about having something on their phone. Having six cameras on their phone. If that is affordable. I agree about equity. We need to have equitable distribution. And bring them down ten millionfold or more. I think that will get a boost. And when it can be great to have a bio weather map. Wouldnt it be great to be able to see national and international scale. Things are moving. The Drug Resistance are. That should be impacting our lives. And this can be a better cooperative pipeline between science and citizens. In Citizen Science as well. We are interested in whether in gardening and other amateur science. This is something that will really in affect our life. As i make the analogy of data donors. Even the wearables can be picked up. It can pick up