Each of the 150 awardwinning camp online anytime at camp. Four. Join us of any aspiring young minds as they share their opinions onhe issue important to them. The commanders of northern ad testify on security challenges affecting the western hemisphere. From the Senate Armed Service commtee what this is just under two hours. [inaudible] good morning. Testimony from d commander north American Aerospace temp command and richardson. ■ i en evacuate nonessential personnel. This involves both of your commands to various degrees and resources in support to respond. National security as principalzc command. The first priorities outlined in the National Defense strategy is defending the, thats posed by the people china. As we see thrts from other competitors, unconfident the common defense evolved. The defense policy guidance this challenge and when asked for an update and how it will trarm dee urgency estimates over the past year with the chinese unidentified phenomena in this case. These events raise concerns they ave an awareness and it must be secured to protect citizens technologies to provide protection. Id be no caps and what additional tools and resources the u. S. Law enforcement for cartels engaged Human Trafficking success Security Cooperation and the harm he had supporting the home and security. Turning to southern there going challenges from china and russia in latin america. The political and economic instability present a situation adversaries are white. China in particular is the structure and 5g expanding network. Im interested in your assessment challenge with■9■m yr latin america. The outcomes supportn transnational they are contravening to Overdose Deaths each year. ■d the nations and other in these efforts and resources. You know security throughout his contribute to the flow of migrants. Economic instability among violence and corruption continuesoajor source and security in the region especially the northern triangle, guatemala and el lvador. Id like to know your views what can be done to help and prove the situation. Thank you to our witnesses and i look forward to your testimony and as a reminder, there will be a closed hearing. Thank you andak witnesses fos here. She clearly china and for these vulnerabilities at home and the western the 2022 National Defense strategy defense is a top priority half ago the Biden Administration has not matched that goal. Year after year the biden punch the request for the radars for proper air defense and they remain unable to protect against small drones. This a clear and significant vulnerability. Wargames to ignore resnc problems that arise in a potential conflict. The Biden Administration■o is to learn from its mistakes. Last year surveillance chinese blimp labs for last years defenses and a senior at Biden Administration officials responded congressional oversight oie informationweek. They declined to production vald so with this committee mandating it distinguished chair. The spy balloon was a failure of the most pressing, defense is the one of the southwest border. And supply texaco using chinese precursor chemicals ande crisis can only worsen. ■ carten trafficking operation across our open is lucrative charging thousands and it is thf terrorist infiltration. Cnn reported Human Smuggling Network with ties to isis helped more than a dozen individuals enter our country in october, two iranians on the Security Threat list were caughm mexico. ■d agens responsibility of the southwest border and the dod is one of them. Explain the contributions included. We have challenges concerns about the chinese america the ce communist party using this playbook that predatory threats to influence government simultaneously it enhances its military presence and limits access. Its happening right here and we cannot ignore it. Two quick examples two underscore making latin america dependent for Communications Technology something tried to do an hour entry incentives economic influence camping. Un i look forward to hearing how impact stability of the region the threat they pose during National Security. N . There other influences, maduro asserted provocative extraterritorial claim sovereignty over a large portion of the neighboring nation of iona. This is so close is struggling trou mismatch the requirements and resources received. We need to find ways to influence. For example, lets Strategic Capital i look forward general assessment of the most pressing resources and immediate to learn what congress can do to help. I note your name rhymesnn■ with cuba, is that right . We expect both of you to live up to these. Thank you. Distinguished members of the committee, thank you for the opportunity to appear before you today. It is my honor to represent the me and women of the Aerospace Defense command. As we, Canadian Military and personnel are dependent, against events for multiple doctors and all domains. Only been inew we weeks, it is clear the United States and canada and network of partners based extraordinarily complex strategic environment. Editors advanced kinetic systemd military infrastructure in north america and threshold. Bly advand these capabilities targeting our infrastructure and networks. Threats present in all domains and they include the arctic region. He remains a challenge and modernizes and grows the modern submarine of hypersonicea for Homeland Defense. While capabilities are a capability, its an immediate nationstate concern. Significant capacity to strike inside north america with air and sea lost conventional weapons. Lost and forces in ukraine pressing in systems that can threaten the United States and advancedubmanes, hypersonic vehicles, icbms as well as cyber and undersea capabilities as well as development of systems for Nuclear Power cruise missile. Meanwhile north korea continues frederick while test launching longrange expanding ties with china and russia. ■ currently lack and capable district north america with longrange missiles investing in the capability and iran supports militant groups in the middle east and maintains Worldwide Network of operational surrogates. The most prevalent growing threats include cyber small Unmanned Aerial Systems employed until the u. S. And canada against military infrastructure in ways not possible a few years ago. defense well beyond north am both commands are working in congress to improve awareness to detect, track and defeat ranging small Unmanned Aerial Systems. North america is an endeavor that requires to campaign against threats and all domains among these approaches that reiref information conventional Operations Forces and Intelligence Community in interagency and international partners. The importance of this cannot be overstated and a support the departments work todvan joint command and control concepts as we seek to share information as quickly as and decisionmakers around the world. A 90 day assessment through the Department Joint force and congress to execute a task and commands could or should dore more. Look forward to sharing findings on how they will best s the the challenges are real but there should be no doubt about the result to deter aggression and if necessary, defeat threats to our citizens. Thank you for the opportunity to appear before you morning and am happy to answer your questions. Of the committee, thank you for the opportunity to be with you today. I dedicated men and women to discuss the challenges we share with our neighbors in the caribbean. National Security Strategy recognizes the link between this security and our own security. We are harnessing the power of partnership from team usa in support of democracy leveraging all instruments of national power. The clumsy, information, military and economics are challenges that impact ourng collective security. Our shared neighborhoodem crosss that are homeland. A call to action. In almost two and half years ive made it my priority to ared listen and understand what affects us all. Partners in the western hemisphere with whom we are bonded by trade and valued, democratic traditions and family coercion. Easingly im learned our presence matters. And democracy in the national secret, intellectual prt relateo agriculture and healthcare. The scope and scale is unprecedented. An initiative aimed at power and influence at the expense of the world democracies. The potential to fuel the world. Theyve already and is already extracting and exploiting. Predatory investment practices facilities and summer activities for a few of the activities that jeopardize the safet region. Russia remains an acute threat and bolsterines and cuba, nicaragua and venezuela. China, russia and iran increase their presence diplomatically and militarily in the region and these undermine democracies and challenge their credibility■ . China and russia exploit the presence of Transnational Criminal Organizations and amplify destabilizing gove the topic weapons, drugs and people and commodities counterfeit goods judy to the surge of functional related deaths here at home. The good news is working with partners leading to the defense all available levers to strengthen partnershiphe 28 likeminded democracies in the hemisphere to understand the power of working together to counter these shared threats. United states remains preferred most trusted Security Partner in the region. We trust investment and Security Cooperation programs to train partners in military security versus and joint exercise programs to build interoperability and Development Employment of emerging technology. We maximize resources allocated by the states internationalmilig programs for military financing and building interoperability and■■[ counterbalance military engagement and investment. The National Defense strategy states from a stable, peaceful and democratic western hemisphere and reduces Security Threats to the homeland. Adapt putting deterrence interaction everyday. Committed to working across allies and partners, combatant command, joint force and nonfederal agencies and u. S. His safety, security and prosperity in the western hemisphere. Part of team usa and Team Democracy and resourcing this team. D the power of our United States conference i look forward to your question. After all, in the record. [applause] let meay gaseous we have had unmanned vehicles, cost cod developed procedures commanders dealing with these . R the would penetrate the space. A system deal with t . Shortly after command, i realize the challenge of the large increase something that would drive in command because of a services do have authoritis but will remains to be done to ensure resrces equipped and standardized operating procedures to address the threats and what remains to bend safely without interfering with our airspace stur at this time there is not a designated role but at the end of the 90s0b■ . Will show ways that it could and should play that■u rol. That would involve other agencies such as the department of justice and fbi, Homeland Security. Level. They have authorities now and we would need to bring them together so we bring each capability together against these incursion threats. On march 10 we sent in the agency and there is the secretary of d 200 million for secit common, could you give us your sense of the implications the United States and the region . Thank you for the question he a lot of wide range or whatever is required for the department of defense so over the conducted commissions theyve been publicized the actions that would take place for disease across the in the situation has been deteriorating so the announcement will in the political initiations the past couple days so the political solution working and hopefully that positive path but if not, contingency plans are ready to respond. Pointed out mayo by china and russia, one of the leading edges of china economic■ and getting underway there willingness or eagerness to acquire more interest and iunded legislation to authorize United States to buy the shares the chinese speed is out, without be a problem . That would be a problem in the american prosperity of partnership for Economic Prosperity and where they hosted the heads of state and this would be and invest in Critical Infrastructure for the American Development bank and the finance corporation so to purchase those shares is been established in 1959 in the region. We dont move, the chinese will. Exactly right lets just say venezuelan president nicholas mindoro established control over the contested region■s■w in this lin and the region accounts for two thirds of the territory, how has region and the fact thatzuela . ■i . And activities that are taking against this democracy with an unjustified claim. And our support for guyana were shown that from the u. S. Government, and through all the instruments of national power, the diplomacy, the military and certainly do you have directions from the white house, from their superiors in the department as to what w should do . So as we work my engagements and what we do with security robust plan with guyana and we continued on that on ths been coordinated with our u. S. Government. Can you briefly describe the plant . It consists of visits by folks within my command, a engagements that we do, the exercises, the subject matter exchanges. We continue with all of those, not trying t situation but continued on path with our regular engagement that a been scheduled, and we have not that. Is the International Community assisting us in that regard . The International Community is very m and i was a our allies, part of a western hemisphere framework that we cited u. S. South, with a allies that work in the region,s and also france. So as a Work Together to coordinate our activity they also have activities and engagement they do in the region and are doing in guyana of those also coordinated. Thank you very much. Let me switch the general guillot. Deployment of National Guard tr o the border. I think maybe a lot of americans dont understand how often we do this. But its worsen considerably. The program is that the lead agency but it has deployed there previous 21 years. Theyre caedng to look like permanent. There is a difference in the way we do deploy notify these units, is there not, in the sense that if its a temporary deployment, thicket 180 days notice in advance. If its a regular employment it is a c year and half. So could you discuss that with us . Is my understanding correct . Unison is the primary difference that we see in Northern Command is we are in sport as you mentioned so, therefore, we wait for the request from the lead agency, in this case customs and border protecti, and request for assistance that is reviewed and then has boldly been approved by the department of defense at that point we can starttaff and the National Guard, the Quick Connect to support that based on the needs that are in that request for to would it be helpful if we treated it asnt deployment . Senator, i think more than treating it as af the requiremes dixons those changed that allows us to tailor the National Guard force to meet the changing requirements of the customer Border Protection. Where as if we had a permanent force we might have permanently the wrong type of unit to support. However, to your point, what we established and we must maintain is having a permanent commandandcontrol structure over there so we have continuity andy and how we present the forces and work with the customs and Border Protection. Do we need to give you different authority in that regard, or is it just a matter of the department . Senator, im sorry. Senator, with the authorities we need that we would most benefit from as you alluded to is time, time to pick and train and prepare the National Guard units ttrt the cbp. To both of you, tell us what you need, will try to get it for you. Thank you sir. Thank you very much, senator wicker. Senator king it. Thank you, mr. Chairman. In my notes since you been talking the word gap about five times some going to talk about gaps. General guillot, do you have a we learn more from fails and we do from successes. What did we learn from the balloon incursion about the adequacy of our norad . Senator, was learned a great deal. To the gaps, what we have we had some gaps in the lyric approach we wanted to build to detect with tomato winners from satellite data to tradional air. One of the problems is low altitude, is speedy thats right although it unto the serpee to f those on initiatives that were started by my predecessor, general vanherck by changing the sensitivity of the radars that we do have. And that has allowed us to have better domain awareness in that regime that you mentioned. However, there are s man