Opportunity to work with lawmakers and Law Enforcement officials to try to do what we can to improve the situation purported is difficult but then we have the ability to get information under which the companies are operating so for those as represent companies definitely let us know that you cant be more specific we can raise these issues said in conversation with specific examples otherwise it is just dead generalization. Under what circumstances so let us know because we do gather that information we will have those conversations with those issues. But there are certain levels at government so we are still seeing to encourage your clients with the cooperation what michele said to bring concern there is the agreement between russia specifically on intellectual property for the obligations of the government that have committed to work on to be as specific as possible whether or not they respond is a different question but there were some very specific concrete concern said is a possible avenue. There is of a lot of jokes with the trade violations in the interest of time i will skip that. One of the sayings that we probably all have is how you measure success . Particularly for innovation and number of ph. D. Or start up gore patent . What are the litigation rates . How do you measure success when you say this is working not only as a patent system but to contribute to the economy . Is how you measure output there is a lot of these numbers you can put on the patents or the startups but the association of america did universities set task force with the president s last fall to walk through that discussion why we do what we do and why are we in this business. Looked at the results they each came up with it is about to bring this activity or the discovery that is how you add value see you can attract these variables. I was just that the bias Industry Convention three weeks ago it philadelphia. It is an amazing trade show. Hundreds of not thousands of companies talking about the work to solve health care our agricultural issues. There were Amazing Stories told. The people stories a little girl who had a rare form of cancer and they had run out of ideas the doctor came up with out of the box solution she walked out four years later cheered and there is not a dry eye in the place and that is what you want to see. Is anecdotal but a lot of those where peoples lives have been changed by the work by researchers on campuses are labs or companies is an issue that is hard to quantify to be an effect will be better off economically to have better quality of health care . Our brief trading the next generation of scientists . I say we are the biggest transfer is not the ideas of the marketplace but millions of educated students into the economy to do great things whether it is Research Related or not it is hard to agree on one certain set of criteria but the overall benefit is the country and of better place than 10 years ago . It is important to have metrics as a comparison so i will answer the question from the Government Point of view. Governments are a good dad many things. It is not particularly good at innovating. So i think from the Government Pointed you whether it can credibly say it has stepped back to review as remove as much friction as possible so whether that means there is the immigration system to make it easy as possible whether thats there is an Education System to make sure that we have our own pipeline with the unknown by engineers and developers to make sure there is day of litigation system to not divert from research and development. I believe that is the mode of success. It will take as much friction out of the system as possible. So they could innovate as much as they possibly can and. I agree. We do attract those but with the we are talking about more global. We track the cases that are adjudicated within the statutory time frame and we track the outcomes and for the most part they have all ben a firm to how do we measure the affective government policy on innovation . Bay hit it just right. We measure everything. Do you see the depth to diagnose what is happening . We do see the trend beyond the of finding feet or the backlog what were doing now the uspto has a lot of valuable information that is the early telltale sign of their investments are made and we are looking through the big data to make available publicly available information about filings so businesses can take that to make informed business decisions. Where is this talent located . It has tremendous Economic Impact and of benefits for a country. But what has continued to the end of the backlog so once a week to bring to him the oldest Patent Applications they would dispose of them that day as a way to say however long it has spent it is unfair to hold up the innovation because of our bureaucracy that is why we are in favor of having more resources to get that process so to get that adjudicated and out the door. If you put more on the market that is okay. I am from g we have two versions the senate and house version i interested to hear from you which you believe that takes the most of the transaction and cost . You talk about that little girl coming up on stage to be as innovative as possible to favor the house or the Senate Version and why . I will start. The community has been working closely with the senate and we appreciate the negotiations on those issues the draft was voted out of committee it does have improvements on two major points and one is the joinder peace to try to reach back to other investors in there is the better way to shield those that would not be held liable so the house bill is a number of reasons that we have highlighted in the past so that is where we are. As we talk beforehand i get the sense there is in time jews taken up before the fall. I think the house is looking to act much sooner. Those bills have some of good things. So to be on the senate side for what the senate bill doesnt have that when it was new to a committee so we will continue to work with the senate on this bill but of the house side so when it makes sure there is language in their at the beginning of litigation. It is not clear how the patent is infringed the we will continue to work for the House Judiciary Committee as things are continuing to improve to eliminate some of these. We are a lot working very closely with stakeholders on these issues. There is more activity with the senate bill from the house bill and not the senate. With customer stay in their minor variations between the house and the senate. I am optimistic that people will Work Together with each respective bill to get the consensus still this year think a lot is going into these provisions but it is headed in the right direction. You dont want to jinx these things. It is early they have lots of time to move around with one question in the back. Thank you for bringing their great group together. In 1994 the president of the institute was the year original author of the espionage act one of of provisions we attempted at that time was the civil portion but today concurrent with that action was the establishment of the National Counterintelligence center to savor eight countries aggressively stealing technology from the United States from the National Counterintelligence executive now 40 countries are stealing technology now moving first to patent all the stolen technology from the other countries how do we protect our inventors with all of the stolen data with the innovation coming forward to protect themselves against . That is say big question. When you say we again i will answer this from the perspective of u. S. Government but the private sector may have things to say but to say i know this problem that it would be helpful to give the lawenforcement more authority in and it is very difficult but there is the fair amount of trade secrets that it doesnt have Greater Authority and it would be very helpful said additionally i think 140 countries and did my own view that that they have a very senior level diplomatic pressure to forestall some of the economic espionage i will take us a National Security had of this but that is searching cases that can be very hopeful helpful and it is important it is the concerted effort by United States government i dunno if they can do that alone or fetid the signal but that has been helpful in some cases as an approach to take that Companies Need to be, and i know but it the companys that have decided what they will focus on that need to be investing more i advocated the aware no system is completely full proof but in my old job i was surprised to see they were hoping they would not be a target to firewall off the information for which location to other types of information for them to 100 protect themselves than i think in particular that the beverage has said as a target we need to take stuff to make sure that you are as productive as possible. Just getting the language right but what they are trying to do in terms of probation, we do a lot of work with, on the ground coordinator and making sure that people are aware and have the resources. Thats certainly not the time to be coming into the Government Office and working with us to make sure we have appropriate remedies. Another topic i raised seeing trade secrets as a form of intellectual property like copyright and trademark. We are beginning to get it. They have been actively advocating and working with european nations and they are very interested in whats happening here in the United States. You mentioned moving from first inventor to file with the systems we have now. Theres a number of changes i pr was created out of that whole process. We just need to see the implications. Just now, three or four years later, what it means. Later, what it means. Will it have positive implications or something that we may see there are issues with that. That is why, if we are going to legislate again in this area we need to be very careful about how we go about it because we are just now seeing the output of what it was back in 2011. We ought to be cautious about how we go back and wade into that water again. I agree with you. This is a big harmony with the United States. Japan is also looking at providing their trade secret law and its a problem for european countries. I think this is where the u. S. Government can work well with its counterpart. They need to try to encourage other governments to put domestic laws in place that make it easier to prostaglandins prosecute against that. Or at least prevent it from happening in the first place. There does seem to be consensus in europe and japan that there are measures you can take to reduce the problem but one of the things we are seeing now is rethinking our approach with a more assertive approach. Weve reached the end of our time. I thought this was a great panel. It was really fascinating. Was really fascinating. Michelle lee, thank you so much. You cut me off before i could think victoria and mike so thank you to them as well. [applause]. S of Online Service provider startups. Later, a look at the u. S. Innovation system and the economy. Tuesday, a Senate Commerce science and transportation subcommittee examine new technology toss improve the safety and efficiency of the nations transportation systems. Witnesses included officials representing volvo, amazon. Com, bnsf railway and the port of long beach california. This is just over an hour. Good afternoon, everyone. I am pleased to convene the merchant marine infrastructure safety and security for its sixth hear Technology Transforming Transportation is the government keeping up. Ranking member booker suggested holding this hearing. And he and i are excited to bring together a range of issues that we have worked on together here in the senate. For example, we underscored the Important Role that technology plays in our daily lives by collaborating on the internet of resolution at the beginning of this congress. I was pleased to see that our resolution passed the Senate Earlier this year. We have also made progress on several transportation matters related to maritime, rail and highway infrastructure. Our hearing brings our work on these various issues today. Today we will explore the federal governments response to the current Technological Developments in our nations Transportation Industry is. In order to maximize the efficiency and safety gains being made by the private sector, the federal government must ensure that it is keeping up with modern technology. Regulatory frameworks must facilitate rather than hinder Technological Advancements. Todays hearing is an opportunity to look into the future and look for ideas to makin know vacation easier so we can agree quicker, safer, and easier. Automated driving has the potential to make trucks more efficient and could result in thousands of dollars in annual savings. Additionally, automation has the potential to make American Companies more competitive in the global market. Clearly, more should be done to foster innovation and streamline obsolete. Step one is educating innovators on who exists and how we can facilitate more voluntary solution toss our transportation challenges with cuttingedge technologies. Technology has the potential to auto kael process, cinque. Increased automation and connectivity make transportation and low gist cal networks more efficient. Most importantly innovations in transportation offer tremendous opportunities to improve safety. Autonomous trucking technologies, for example, will strengthen driver awareness and reduce accidents on our nations roads. Additionally, we will hear how the increase use of trackside monitoring devices and the development of robust data bases will provide the Railroad Industry with the ability to better repair and upgrade critical infrastructure. In other words, the internet of things and big data are identifying the challenges of tomorrow with technologies that we have today. We must also appreciate the role our nations ports play. As centers of intermodal connection. Americas ports are modernizing to drive efficiency and keep goods moving throughout the country. The benefits of Technological Advancements are clear for our economy. For our safety and for the efficiency of our Transportation Networks. I look forward to hearing from our witnesses about the kinds of policies that will promote innovation. Our country is a leader in innovation constantly creating the next big thing to drive the Global Economic engine. And i would now invite senator booker to offer his opening remarks. Senator blund, it is good to have you here this afternoon. I appreciate that we are holding this hearing. We have done extensive Work Together on technology and transportation. Im excited to examine further where government can help. And conversely where government can stop hindering. In the meeting in tprafrastructure challenges, this is important. We are both excited by this. And how some of our Government Agencies may not actually be equipped and to keep up with this incredible innovation. This is a theme im sure our panel of witnesses will update us on today. Technology is rapidly changing. Everything we do, including how we commute and maintain our systems is changing. It is changing how we get to work, how we drive our cars, and even how we hail a cab. We have an opportunity to harness new technologies to dramatically improve Public Safety reduce costs create jobs, and address infrastructure problems in creative new ways. The federal government can be a key player in help to go advance and utilize developing technologies. Lets take a look at safety. While trafficrelated fatalities and injuries continue to decline, over 30,000 people each year still die on our highways. We continue to see trains that derail too frequently. Putting enormous burdens on our first responders. In the face of these challenges, weve got to understand the opportunity that comes with technology and improving our transportation systems. Our country has already invested billions in interstate highways, bridges, rails, and ports. Technology could help us to get more out of what we have already built. Today there are exciting market ready Proven Solutions to make our roads safer. From mattic braking sensors, radar, and even Autonomous Cars and drones. Advanced technologies can now alert a truck driver or even take control of a vehicle if they begin to drift out of their lane or fail to break which stops traffic ahead. It can enable a smartphone using realtime information to suggest to a driver the best time to hit the road for their commute or family trip. Or direct a driver to the nearest available onstreet parking place. Something we need in washington. Harnessing technology will not only save time and fuel, it will reduce Traffic Congestion for everyone else on the road. Something drivers in my state and throughout the northeast know all too well. New technologies can improve the safety and efficiency of our a network and port and facilities. It is critical we reexamine how we vest in our infrastructure, plan for the future and make best use of these technologies. I look forward to hearing from our Witnesses Today about how the federal government can help existing businesses thrive how the federal government can be a worldwide leader and help us to be a worldwide leader in innovat