Okay. Well i will ask each of you on the panel youve done such an amazing work. And, you know have given us so much to think about. I would like to hear from you in summary what you would like to see as next steps as a result of your work. Been that youve put so much effort into the research and the writing, and not necessarily relating to the piece youve written, but how you would like to see this play out, so jill . As someone academy and immersed in evidence, that is what im hinting at at the moment. And its similar to the comment about the lanset by having these papers in here signaling something in terms of the broader discipline. And ill give you an example. We hosted a conference on the Health Systems conference in cape town and there were 2,000 people there and there were only two faithbased conferences and it is a signal to the fact that these issues come up in conferences, we have separate conversations about faith and faithbased providers but they are rarely intergrated into the broad Health PublicDevelopment Agenda and conversations and my hope would be rather than this becoming a standalone conversation, it gets more strongly integrated into the broader Public Health and development conversations. Great. Andrew. Yeah, i see this series and the amazing meeting that has just been on religion and Sustainable Development being a start of a place in which things can have markers. Im just a boring academic but i do get enthusiastic from time to time and the markers should be gained in terms of donors and Health Providers in terms of how aware are you and how much are you being inclusive. Many have been exclusive. And what jill is talking about in the paper, how inclusive are you of faithbased groups in policy and programs and it is possible to look at policy and International Agencies and see how well they are coping with the challenges that this paper puts forward. Similarly i would see that the faith groups have theyve made some wonderful responses in the last 10, 20 years, particularly in the area of hiv care. But there are many other examples. But how do the faith leaders actually become more aware of how their teachings can actually interface most profitably in association to build these partnerships up and they too i dont think theyve ever been subject to peer review and monitoring and evaluation. But the peer review process is a very interesting one with the faith leaders and the theological colleges, all of the colleges that are churning out faith leaders, it is very interesting to see if they could become more faith aware because that does give enormous potential for changing the societies which are hurting at the present time. One of our presenters at the conference yesterday, david sutherland, who is working in the philippines challenged the conference with the notion of how do you measure hope and dignity. I think that our challenge our real opportunity now is to build on the growing interest by virtue of the scale of the ambition of the goals, the develop goals, the growing interest on the part of policymakers for engaging all hands in the development tact and therefore also being very open to engage in faithbased assets. Our opportunity now is to pull together the evidence frame that shows to them that our work and our contribution will help achieve and heff drive help drive development out comes and i think we need to do that in creative ways. A lot of evidence already exists and i think that we need to underscore and get much more creative at communication. And in the end of the day, i think that a lot of our work Going Forward is about building friendship and trust that will allow us to cross the cultural divides that we addressed earlier in the remarks in the paper. Thank you. Thank you, all. And again thank you to the lancet, for publishing this important series and opening the discussion, which will go on. Thank you very much. [ applause ] thank you all. In the interest of time, were going to dive right into the second panel which will give us an opportunity to look at the u. S. Angle and the u. S. Engagement with faithbased organizations and the genesis of those strategies and what impact and evolution we can see. And we are honored today to be joined by three very respected panelists, we have Sandy Thurman to my left who is the chief Strategy Officer for the office of the global aids coordination and many of you know sandy from her long work in this arena. And in the middle we have mark Frank Mueller the director of the center for faithbased initiatives at usaid and janet kates at the Kaiser Family foundation. You have their full bios in the handout so i wont go into all of the details, but you can see that we have a very a very Important Panel up here and we are eager to dive into some interesting discussion on this. I think we all know in the first panel made very clear the importance of engaging with and understanding the role of the faithbased communities in providing Global Health, in providing information, especially in reaching communities, the poorest of the poor, the hard to reach areas. Im reminded of a time not long ago when i was in it ethiopia and interviewed an orthodox priest and we were talking about Family Planning and i asked him what message he gave to his followers and he said roughly translated, Family Planning isnt a sin. Hungry children is a sin. And it is just a fascinating lense through which we can see again the importance of faith leaders and the information they can transfer to their communities and the importance of engaging them and insuring they have the information and capacity thats necessary to reach their communities with appropriate and accurate information. We have been engaging in some very interesting conversations on this subject. Most recently last week with some faith providers from kenya on the subject of Family Planning. So i think it is true what the first panel really emphasizes, that things are evolving and developing and this is an important moment to be exploring this further. And with this panel were eager to talk about it from the focus of the u. S. Policy perspective. And i think to begin with well turn to Sandy Thurman. Given your long involvement with hiv policy from the u. S. Government, can you describe to us more about how pep far began partners with faithbased organizations and how that has evolved. Sure. Thank you. And thank you all for being here. It is interesting, the Faith Community has been a partner in response to hiv since the beginning of the epidemic, both domestically and globally. So i think pet far was an out growth with faithbased organizations on the domestic side for a number of years. When we really began looking at the disproportionate impact of the epidemic in africa back in the late 1990s and early 2000, it was a lot our interest and a lot of the pressure that was brought to bear on the u. S. Government and policymakers was from faithbased organizations who were on the ground in africa seeing the devastation that was occurring on the continent. So theyve been a natural partner for us, faithbased organizations and faith backers have been a natural partner with those of us working in the hiv and aids response from the beginning. So when we began to expand the global perspective to focus on hiv and to put this in perspective, working in the white house, with the global aids budget had been 125 million a year, for seven years in a row, which now is a rounding error in our pep far program, so when the interest started, faithbased organizations were at the forefront of encouraging us to respond in a very robust way. And that, of course, ultimately led to to the development of pet far. But i would add that the faithbased partnerships were were not based on politics. They were based on pragmatism. People on the ground that had access and trust in the communities, all of the things that we knew we needed and partners in pep far, they were a primary and natural for us. It is so interesting how all of this has evolved and well get into more of the spectrum of groups and the challenges and opportunities that that has presented. But that leads in perhaps in for mark to tell us about your office at u. S. Aid. What is the goal and what is your out reach and your strategy. Sure. So i have the great privilege to head this office at u. S. Aid and its origin is back around 2003 under the Bush Administration and trying to do a more systemic and engagement with the Faith Community. That said weve been working with faith groups since the inception of the agency 52 odd years ago so this wasnt new to the agency it was a new way of looking at it and to reach out to a Broader Group of partners and that is a guiding star for the agency. If you think about buckets of work, certainly to be the ombudsman into the agency, the sherpa, the groups that want to work with u. S. Aid and dont know how to get into the door of bankruptcy, can come to us. Groups can act like an ombudsman, we can help finding facilitations for faithbased and Community Groups and try to do proactive out groups, so around ebola as a recent example. We organized with the white house and the department of state a Conference Call with faithbased actors across the United States and we had 400 people on that call to talk about ebola and the role the Faithbased Community might play and we did smaller groups in d. C. With 30 or 40 organizations. There is a convening role of the organization. And supporting the other parts of u. S. Aid trying to get things done. So we support the missions in their engagement and that is a critical part of aid. For a Big Government agency we are decentralized. Our missions are vital and decisionmaking happens much there and so those are all of the ways this we try to put it in and we try to make it our engagement in the Faith Community as robust as possible especially when there are areas like health in emergencies, when the Faithbased Community have unique things to bring to the table. Thank you. One of the things that came up, in fact, on the last panel, was how much of the share of the u. S. Government support goes through faithbased organizations and so many of us turn to kaiser for that kind of analysis and i wonder, jen, if you could tell us more about how that how much kaiser has approached that and why that is a complicated set of numbers to find . Thanks, janet. And i just want to say that i want to commend the lancet and the authors who put this issue together to start where we pick up and formalize an evidenced based framework that is so critical that i dont think has existed at this level at looking at faithbased organizations and health. And so for this question and what we ask at kaiser, what happens now and what is the scope of the involvement and mark and i were talking in advance of this and clearly money is just one measure of this. There is many more ways to look at involvement. Money is one that we all care about and Pay Attention to and so in preparation for thinking about that question i will share some data that we just looked at and really good work being done now on this. Researchers and others looked e. R. A. Sently at health and there is an article that came out on this roughly estimated that over the last decade or more 30 of all Health System for health has been through faithbased organizations. There is a lot there but i encourage people to look at that article in plus journal, so that is available online. The other piece of work of done is jeans work looking specifically at the share of revenues that faithbased organizations have that are from u. S. Government sources and she found 13 . So i think it is less than people think in their minds. So in preparation for this panel, i took a look at data we recently released around nongovernmental organizations. Another proud area that faithbased groups dont know about, what is the role of ngos and we put out a couple of reports on this and we put out a summary analysis on this and what do we know about faithbased organizations in that framework and we looked at 2013 data, 2014 is just available now. But 2013 data, disbursements by u. S. Aid and there is caveats there and just looking at that year, we were able to identify that faithbased organizations represents about 15 of ngos that receive disbursement of Global Health. So 15 of ngos were faith based. About 14 of the funding went to them. Its less than people think. And it is good to look at historical analysis and see how that has changed. And faithbased organizations within the Ngos Community were working in africa, not a surprise to those of us here but an important data point. And the area they were most likely working in was hiv and malaria was a big one and malaria and hiv than ngos over all, less so than Family Planning. Those were some of the findings week we looked at. We like to look more in depth, but to give you a sense. In africa, and malaria and probably less funding than people think. I will give you the Funding Amount because i can see people wondering what that amount is. It was about 96 million in 2013, for what to give you a sense. That is less than the global fund amount identified in the imhe analysis. Were going to run through a series of questions and come back and give you a sense to interact with each other. Perhaps linked to this, the question of who are who are these organizations and where are they and what are they working on, sandy, you have described from your long years of works the spectrum of the kinds of organizations that helps to under score the opportunities and challenges of working with them. Perhaps you could talk more about what you mean when you talk about different approaches needed for different kinds of faithbased organizations . Sure. Thank you. I think this is this is a genesis of some of the challenges weve had around building these partnerships between faithbased organizations and governments, because it is hard to to if we say faithbased organizations, that means a lot of things. Faithbased organizations can range from anything from the catholic Health System in the United States of america which is still and im using the u. S. As an example, which is still the second Largest Health care system in the country to very small clinics or ngos or orphans orchildren programs on the ground. So there is an incredible broad range. Differences in capacity, very big differences in ability to deliver services. And so i think our challenge, all of our challenges to both donors and to faithbased organizations is to begin to define with greater specificity and communicate what the differences are for people. And it certainly came up a lot in the meeting held at the bank this week and has before. And i think when we look at revamping our mechanisms, in order to be more effective, build more effective partnerships, we have got to be able to name those things so that when we have partnerships and define roles and responsibilities and establish monitoring and evaluation and accountability and mechanisms and so forth, we have to be very clear about what we are doing with and it can be very big or very small. But what you dont want to lose in that is that we know from all of our years in Public Health, that if we want to really look at sustainable change at the end of the day, that and we want to be able to have countries take full responsibility and ownership of the work that is being done in their countries. That that has to be rooted on the ground in grassroots organizations all over the country. So if we want to sustain the impact that weve had in pet far or look at sustainability development, we have to figure this out. So we need to stay at it until we do. It wont be easy. It is like family dynamic, it is not easy, but you dont abandon the family, you stay in there and work at it and that is where we are in this conversation and it is very exciting. It is interesting, because one of the pieces of sustainability, which is of course a big theme here in washington and everywhere, is also the link to the private sector. And the longer term financing issues that link to sustainability. And mark, you have talked about the added financial value of working with faithbased organizations and the outreach. Can you describe a little bit more about your outreach to faithbased groups as a link to the private sector . Sure. I think there are two elements of this. One is that faithbased organizations like most nongovernmental organizations have robust fund raising, largely from the private sector and they have partnerships via boards and other mechanisms in which theyve been engaging the private sector since theyve existed and had to do that. The other is a more directive to say as were looking at the importance of the private sector in development, health care in particular, one way we can think about the Faith Community, the Business People motivated by faith but will never put a religious icon on what they do. For example, there is a project they are working on at u. S. Aid about to be finalized on health, a small Health Experiment to see if business principals can provide sustainability in provision of health care and clean water and others in the eastern democratic republic of congo and a consortium of Business Leaders connected to to National Christian foundation in the United S