Have the legal basis to enforce your Net Neutrality preferences. And so i think wheeler had three possibilities. One, do nothing, in which case the Net Neutrality notions to the extent that people agree they are helpful and useful and preserve user choice would simply not succeed because of the lack of legal basis for fccs enforcement. The second possibility would have been to get the congress to create a new title in the Telecommunications Act specific to internet. Some of you will remember there was a brand x decision, this is the cable the Cable Companies and the Telephone Companies were saying were not regulated the same way. This is correct. There are two different titles in the telecom act for dealing with the entities and they were both providing Internet Service and the complaint was they are providing it under Different Ground rules and this isnt fair. And the question was what to do. The question was to get the congress to adopt an internet title appropriate to the internet technology. The choice that was made instead was to treat internet as if it is just an Information Service that had no layered structure, no telecommunications component and just an Information Service, end of story. That led to an unregulated title and so the fcc role was completely removed. Tom chose a third path and that was to invoke the title two which have been the fcc had the authority, in my view, remember, aml, right, they decide it is title one and they have equal authority to decide no it is title two but constrained significantly. So what is the issue here . Well now under this current rule they have a basis for taking action if they think that the neutrality rules have been violated. However, there is some potential forwardlooking risk. What happens if new fcc in the future decides to invoke all of the messy complexities of title two which were designed for a system for voice communication which is a far cry from todays internet and probably very much a far cry from tomorrows internet. So at some point this tactic probably has to be readdressed so that if we are going to do anything at all in the regulatory space, it needs to be tailored to a network which i must emphasis must be evolvable and add new products and services to it and with you should not constrain the network simply in order to regulate it. We need to find a way to make sure that the network is treats you fairly, gives you adequate opportunity, insights competition, but at the same time, allows the fcc to protect your interests. That is where my head is and i hope as former Congress Woman that you think i managed to straddle this reasonably well. I mentioned in the introduction that at the National Press club we fight for press Freedom Worldwide and part of your job is evangelizing the internet worldwide. What do you say to governments and regimes that consider the internet a threat and what can you do to try to shake that loose . I wish i could just say get over it but that doesnt work. Lets take everybody picks on china so i guess ill do that too. They are a good example of a tension i actually have some sympathy for the Chinese Government. You realize there are 650 million chinese on the internet. That is close to a third of the population, close to half. This means the Chinese Government and the private sector have been investing an enormous amount in Building Infrastructure for the internet. Fiber networks. They were early on into the ivb space. And bang bang. And this is even better. And so they have made this big investment. At the same time, they come from a long history of authoritarian practices so they are scared, frankly, about the Large Population of people becoming unhappy and if you study chinese history and last time there was a major regime change because it was preceded by a pez ant rebellion. And looking at the west, you can appreciate that things are scary for the administration, even if they are trying to do the right thing, making sure people are fed and housed and everything else. And so my opinion is the countries seeking control over the internet will discover at some point if they do that, they are shooting themselves in the foot. First of all, they are potentially inhibiting the creativity of the population which is what they need in order to improve gdp. And second they could limit their exploration of world markets. And i dont care where you are, the Global Economy is bigger than you are. Dont cut yourself off from access to it. The same message needs to get to the europeans who are struggling with the digital Single Market but accidentally preventing themselves from participating in a Global Market and letting the Global Market participate in the european one. So my question is always economic. It is in your interest, mr. President , to invest in the international and keep it as open as possible and to allow your creative population to make use of it. No country has a corner on creativity and invention. It is uniformly distributed throughout the population of the world but it is just the people with the ideas dont have the wherewithal and the support in order to explore those ideas. And ill give you a concrete example of that how many folks come from india to the sill von valley or seattle or here and do spectacularly well. Their ideas were the same it is just they didnt have the investment infrastructure, the willingness to take risk that we have in the United States. And so we know that there are smart people out there with the possibility to improve their own gld if the rules could be made similar to what they are here in the United States. We are almost out of time. But before i ask the last question, i would like to remind everyone about some upcoming speakers. Lieutenant general michelle johnson, the first woman to lead the air force academy will address a luncheon on friday. The ceos of american delta, and United Airlines will appear together at a luncheon on may 15th. What an opportunity. [ laughter ] and garrison keeler, author and host of prairie home companion will address the press club on may 22nd. I would now like to present our guest with the greatest gift of all, the National Press club mug which you can treasure for decades. [ applause ] mug shot. [ laughter ] that is a mug shot. And now the final question, maybe we have time for two depending on how long your answers are. How long my answers are. Yeah, yeah, this question almost sounds like it could have come in over the internet. Im not sure whether it did. The questioner said you have fewer than 5,000 follower on twitter and you are not verified. What is up with that . So i dont tweet all that much. Just every once in a while. I have Better Things to do. And besides, i get more than enough visibility as it is. I dont need any more. I got stopped by two autograph guys, right, as i walked in today. So and i dont know, verification, what do you have to do to get verified . Send your blood type . Well have to ask twitter . I remember asking the guy who started twitter, is your title chief twit. He didnt think that was funny. Next question. Why isnt there say nobel prize in computing and should there be one. Well, you would have to ask mr. Nobel but hes long past. The story, is that his wife ran away with a good mathematician. And in consequence, mr. Nobel told his committee under no circumstance will any branch of mathematics be recognized by the nobel prize anden fortunately Computer Science is associated with mathematics understandably so we in that field are not eligible for the nobel prize. We might be eligible for the peace prize but that is a real stretch because that is a very political kind of thing. There is, however, a prize that is offered by the association for computing machinery founded in 1947 in the u. S. It is now gone global. There is a chinese and indian and European Council in addition to the one which oversees the whole global operation. Im former president of acm and still serving in that role until the middle of 2016. And the prize is called the touring award named after alan touring. Many of you will know from the movies that have been made. That prize is 1 million. It is funded by google. And were proud to offer that through acm every year. And i did get that prize along with bob khan in 2004. So i feel more than adequately compensated. It wasnt a Million Dollars back then and they arent doing it retroactively. I asked but that didnt work. So it is highly it is a coveted and very high recognition of contribution to the Computer Science community. I think that is more than enough. How about a round of applause for our speaker. [ applause ] thank you very much. I would also like to thank the National Press club staff, including the Journalist Institute and Broadcast Center for organizing today as even. And remember if you would like a copy of todays program or to learn more about the National Press club, go to our website, that is press. Org. Thank you very much. We are adjourned. [ applause ] [ hearing adjourned ] tonight on American History tv, programs on the cold war. Starting at 8 00 p. M. , real america, exercise delawar, a u. S. Army big picture film highlighting a 1964 United Statesiran joint forces operations when the nations were allies. At 8 30 Nuclear Arms Race and lecture about the competition between the u. S. And ussr to build advanced Nuclear Weaponry during the cold war. And just before 9 30, korea and the cold war. And a book titled, cold war crucible. All of this tonight on American History tv on cspan 3. The cspan cities tour visits sites across the nation. This month with congress on its summer recess, the cities tour is on cspan each day at 6 00 p. M. Today we visit omaha to learn about the history and lit air culture of nebraskas largest city. Cspan is in des moines for the iowa state fair. Our live coverage is on cspan, cspan radio and cspan. Org as the candidates walk the fairgrounds and speak. Here is the schedule. Saturday, republican Rick Santorum at noon followed by democrats Lincoln Chafee at 12 30 and senator person i sanders at 3 00. On sunday afternoon, republicans ben carson at 5 00 and george pet tacky at 5 30. Cspans campaign 2016, taking you on the road to the white house. Republican president ial candidate donald trump will be in New Hampshire and will cover live a town hall hes holding at 7 10 p. M. Eastern in hampton. Courts washington correspondent steve levine and Jeffrey Chamberlain with the joint center for Energy Storage research, talk about the development of next generation Lithium Ion Battery Technology at a forum hosted by the Atlantic Council. Well, welcome everybody and good afternoon. Welcome to the Atlantic Council. Were pleased to have you all here today. I want to apologize in advance. Weve had some internet difficulties today. So were going to be sort of passing microphones back and forth if its not up and running by the time steve and jeff start. But im sure it will all work out. But i do want to emphasize that this is a very important event today. Its the inaugural event in our new Technology Speaker series. And one of the things that our new Global Energy center that we are emphasizing is the Critical Role that technology will play in helping us to meet clean energy challenges. And also the geopolitical and International Ramifications of those new technologies. And so for this reason were thrilled to have and host steve levine and Jeff Chamberlain this afternoon. You know, we could all stand here and identify the key Technological Breakthroughs in the past, but our guests today have taken on the challenging task of looking to the future. And more specifically the future of next generation lithium ion, i guess, shows how technical i am, batteries. Next generation Battery Technologies have the potential to have a momentous impact on markets, International Politics and climate change, enriching some countries and governments while exacerbating the economic woes of others. But how close we are to seeing these developments play out in the real world and what the obstacles are, thats what were going to talk about today. And our speakers today seek to answer these questions and more. Steve levine, who ive known for many, many years and maybe the preeminent Energy Journalist anywhere, is the washington correspondent for quartz, thats quartz. In his long and distinguished career, hes covered geopolitics, Energy Technology with extraordinarily keen eye. Inside the invention of a battery to save the world provided the inspiration for todays event. I might say that there are some copies that are available outside afterwards. Steve has also written the oil and the glory. And i think has just a tremendous ability to take very technical subjects and write about it in a way that ordinary nontechnological types like me can understand. And in the process of writing his book, steve has worked extensively with dr. Jeff chamberlain, who is the executive director of the joint Energy StorageResearch Facility at the Argonne National laboratory. And in that role dr. Chamberlain has worked at the cutting edge of Energy Storage and next generation Battery Technology. So i couldnt be happier to kick off our new Technology Series with such a great pair of speakers on such a fascinating topic. And the way this will be handled as compared to some Atlantic Council events, it will be a conversation really between steve and jeff. Steve i guess will start off and introduce the subject. And they will talk back and forth. And then im sure well open it up to your questions a little bit later. So, again, thank you all for coming. And, steve and jeff, its all yours. [ applause ] its actually jeff whos going to start out. Thanks for that introduction. Yes, ill start off. As was just mentioned im Jeff Chamberlain, im a scientist from Argonne National laboratory. I appreciate everyone coming here on such a Beautiful Day like it is today and coming inside to listen to us talk. I happen to work at a National Laboratory, and what that is is a place where your tax dollars are invested to do things for the nation. It happens to be research. And mostly its very fundamental research aimed at enabling the development of technology that will change our lives. Not only our daytoday lives, but change our lives in terms of Gross Domestic Product in this country, and jobs, et cetera. Since were a little limited on time is to dive right into the conversation if youre all right with that, steve. Okay. And maybe to finish a little bit of an introduction, if you havent read the book yet, this is actually quite a surreal thing happening right now. And i hope you have read or will read the book and enjoy the surreality, if thats a word, of what youre witnessing, because i am a character in the book that steve writes about. Glad to get some chuckles there because it is a very odd experience to be a character in a story that other people are reading in black and white. But it makes this conversation quite surreal. Youre going to see the evidence of several years of work that steve has done working with me and other people at Argonne National laboratory to write the story that i think is a very good story in the book. So enjoy that surreal nature of the book. Enjoy this surreal moment when you read the book. Ill start with a very obvious question. And i think we particularly the scientists in the lab are eager to have our story told, but also very suspicious as to whether it can be told in a compelling way when youre doing science in the laboratory. So my first question is, generally speaking, why write this book . Why batteries . Why science . Why technology . Thanks, jeff. First i wanted to thank ambassador morningstar for having us today. And inviting us to be the guest for the inaugural session for the inaugural Technology Ses