The home team if they dont win its a shame for its one, two, three strikes youre out at the old ballgame mr. Raffertyosaki good morning. We have talked about a lot of things. We talked about gender, we talked about sports. Happens to be baseball. That is probably why i signed the deal. But we are talking about social forces. And baseball happens to be one of the greatest social forces, in my opinion, in American Society. The institution of baseball, the game, what it represents for instance, when people see the number 42, what did they think . What do they feel . What do they believe . Why was it retired throughout baseball in 1997 . No man will wear this number again. What did it mean for Jackie Robinson, for blacks across the u. S. To watch him steal home in the world series . Battery of whitey ford and give bu borough, two and yogi era, two future hall of famers. He stole home. To put this in perspective, during the 2000 majorleague season, 2293 times someone stole a base. Only 18 times that someone steal home base did blacks make an. Home base. Did blacks make an impact in the mlb . During 1950 in 1970, the leak the integrated faster won more. You tell me. I have here an image. Who is the person on top . That is correct it is martin , luther king. We have spoken about him as being a great civil rights proponent and everything that he , did. The gentlemen on the bottom or were his inspirations. You have a catcher, a pitcher, and Jackie Robinson. Martin luther king said to john newcombe, you will never know what you, jackie, and roy did to make it possible for me to do my job. This is great irony in baseball. Sport, where generations of fanatics continuously argue about who was the best player and at what position and how do we compare todays steroid induced players with those from years past, there are a few ways to quantify its cultural and social importance to the United States. Walt whitman said, i see great things in baseball. It is our game. It is americas game. Jackie robinson said, a life is not important except for the impact it has on other lives. There are three things in my life which i really love, god, gallagher stated, there are three things in my life which i really love, god, my family, and baseball. Season starts, i changed the order around a little bit. Think about this. When world war ii began, the if he wanted to suspend the baseball season and this was for , the duration of the war. Fdr responded, i honestly feel it would be better for the country to keep baseball going. There would be fewer people unemployed and everyone would work longer hours. That means they ought to have a chance for recreation, and for them taking their minds of their , work even more than before. Baseball was such a sense of escapism, and it brought people together. It is truly as george wells stated, baseball is only a game, true, and the grand canyon is a hole in arizona. Not all holes or games are created equal. The game can evoke such a series for example, the brooklyn dodgers and their owner, walter omalley, decided it was time to leave. And so they left for los angeles, and it broke the hearts of baseball fans in brooklyn. Day who remember walter omalley, who agreed that october 1957 meeting between the teammates who discussed the article called the 10 worst human beings who ever lived. Each writing the three worst down on a napkin, and each man had the same three names. Each men had the same men in the same order. One, adolf hitler. Two, joseph stalin. Three, walter omalley. This is the power of baseball. This is what i believe is the baseball, much like American Society, had opportunities well back in the 19th century. We do remember Jackie Robinson for what he did and the legacy he left the hind, the fact he in the majorleague in the modern era. But much like reconstruction, baseball had the chance to integrate in the 19th century. Yes, there was a gentlemans agreement made by the National Association of Baseball Players as early as 1867. But two men in particular broke the color bar. First, we have bud fowler. A plate for a team in massachusetts, and we will talk he played for a team in massachusetts, and we will talk a lot about massachusetts and its conflict with race a lot. He played as a member of the interNational League, and as a member of the new england association. His career was shortlived. He only pitched three games and one game with new england, but the door had been opened. Fleetwood walker, and he became an accidental pioneer. He played for the toledo blue stockings, and this team was not a member of what we would in 1884, toledos team was elevated to majorleague status as part of the american association, the predecessor of the american league. Walker is important to understand, was the son of the runaway slave. He grew up in mount pleasant, ohio, a town that served as a station for the underground railroad. He attended oberlin college, a progressive and integrated institution since 1834. He himself grew up in an integrated society. And when walker played, he did so with love and passion for the game. He played in 42 games for them, and at the dangerous position of catcher, which at that point, 263,s all right, she hit he hit 263, but by years end, he was forced to leave the team. This was the continuous trend for blacks trying to play on integrated teams. Why they were not able to do so was because of probably the greatest moneymaker and advertiser in the game of his ball, cap hanson. He helped draw the color line in baseball that existed from 1887 to 1947. Before a game against newark, he reportedly said get that n off the field. He was clearly a racist and one of the most vocal opponents of vocal proponents of the opponents of the inclusion of blacks in the game. But blacks continue to play continued to play baseball, and they formed their own teams as early as 1885, you have a team called the cuban giants. They formed in new york as part of the argyle restaurant. They were waiters. Thing is, the giants became a major name. Cuban exgiants, i think you understand. For some reason, it becomes a name associated with many africanAmerican Teams. The reason they chose cuban was to try and hide the fact they were black. They were trying to say, no, we are latinos. But people knew. People knew they were black, and so this was a black team. They would go and play against white pro teams, other black white semipro teams, other black teams. That is what was going on here. The trend continued into the 20th entry, especially during migration when blacks moved to urban centers en masse. Cities like chicago grew to from 15,000 to 2 250,000 between 1890 and 1915. We talked about this in the first wave migration. You have this growth. That is why they became urban centers. Centers, blacks in northern, midwestern, and later southern urban areas created black run teams. Rube foster founded the Negro National league in 1920. They created the Eastern Colored League in 1923. It is not as though they were trying to help one another. In fact, they hated one another. They were trying to have the best league associated with them, right . And so, for black entrepreneurs, it became a matter of trying to bring in the most fans possible. We will do whatever it takes to do so. There was a better rivalry a reader bitter rivalry between those men. Their teams met for the negro world series, each one winning once. Both of these leagues existed of the great depression. But understand, this was the foundation. And by 1932, you had men like gus greenlee who revived the league. They were both in pittsburgh, and these two men hated one another. Both would raid each others teams and try to get the best players money could buy. You had some of the best baseball money could buy. Gus greenlee put together a team that featured five hall of famers. This is what we were talking about. Of course, you have effa manley. Manley e ff effa manley is important. She was the only woman elected to the National Baseball hall of fame. She also organized the new york along with her husband, and took over as the sole member from 1945 to 1948. She was responsible for putting together the incredible milliondollar infield, featuring Ray Dandridge and and and leon day. These are some of the most exceptional players of alltime, of all time and she is , chiefly responsible for bringing them there. It is not as if she didnt use her charm and sexuality to do so. It is said when she signed them, she was wearing a bright red dress, and that is how the signing would happen. But understand that the negro leagues were supported for blacks by blacks. But these were men and women who made it possible. What did you gather from the teagle article . Yes, mary . About the most interesting part of the article was i thought the most interesting part of the article was when they were talking about tricky baseball and stealing bases and bunting and how that primarily started in the black Baseball Leagues, because it is something so ingrained in what makes baseball interesting that i think it is cool that it started with the negro league. Mr. Raffertyosaki with tricky baseball, we have what is called small ball. This was true with the National League more so than the american league. I also thought that it was interesting and similar to what crowds to the baseball fields, they had to some of the africanAmerican Teams adopted cloned baseball, where they put shows and would do goofy things before they would play and how that you vault how that evolved into the harlem globetrotters. It is interesting because women also had to do that, how women had to kind of exploit their sexuality to get people in the stands and it worked. It worked for them as well. I think there was the clown ethiopian team. I cant remember where they were from, but a lot of the other africanAmerican Teams were upset they were doing that. They said, we are Baseball Players, not clowns. It did work to get people out on the field. Mr. Raffertyosaki and this is true. We have to remember, baseball is supposed to be a form of entertainment as well as sport. It was not just enough for them to play baseball, they had to make it entertainment as well. Emily . Part where they are going along with the first part of the movie where they talk about doing that and they are super against it and it is not want to keep selling out. I warned you, this one is going to be up. Going going to be a smoker. Happy fourth of july. Mr. Raffertyosaki what did you see in that clip . What we were talking about. You saw the africanamericans were playing well, but not doing a entertaining and the white and being booing them rude and they had to do something to kind of separate themselves. I dont know how to say it, but to make it seem like we are goofy and fun and having a good time, even though they are better Baseball Players in order to calm the white crowd, and the thinking of the whites that they are just these clowns, we will not take them seriously. But also being goofy and being clowns so they wouldnt be booed off the field. Mr. Raffertyosaki absolutely. And this creates a problem. What do you think . I think it is interesting how he tries to perpetuate it even more and then he says that is , what black folks do. Then james is completely different and does not want to see it. Just how they are on completely different sides. I dont know that much about that film, but if most people mr. Raffertyosaki he is buying into it because it is part of our agency. We know the difference. If these white people are too ignorant to figure that out, then it is their own fault. But yes, we are incredible Baseball Players. But to support ourselves and make sure we do not get tarred. We do not get tarred and feathered, they can play a role. Emily . It doesnt really matter, we know what the truth is when we are playing. To him, it is worth it. ; c james role Jones James Earl Jones character was too proud to do it. It talks about the interplay between them. Mr. Raffertyosaki yes . I keep going back to women in baseball, but it is not enough to just be good athletes. So much of baseball was a class issue. For women in baseball, they had to uphold their femininity and maintain their class. They had to maintain their femininity, and what is similar in this case, maintaining their class as a lower class in this time, and trying to balance between that and the way they being goofy and everything that they were doing. A way for them to not pressure, would upset the white folks very much. Mr. Raffertyosaki we will talk about women in baseball in a few minutes. Ask for this film when they are , talking about sally, he was the manager and part of the negro league. What he was trying to do was shut down the team because this independent organization being formed by players. It is a matter of class as well, because the ownership, they were entrepreneurs and they wanted to make as much money as possible as well. They could only pay certain players a certain amount of money in exchange for their entertainment value. The other side with the owners, they rag on her all the time and say she shouldnt be here. She makes a good point. She was a great character in the movie because it shows how disrespectful people were, against her and she does not put up with it. She does not take their crap, and it is great. Mr. Raffertyosaki there is definitely an element of sexism involved in baseball. Manley did take a lot of grief for being a female owner. Going back to the article, i i thought i thought one of the main things we were trying to do was how something really bad to me, something good in baseball. [indiscernible] i really didnt agree with what with the clowning and getting the crowds and stuff. However, i was really impressed with how he was always trying to prove himself to the white folks. When they have those interracial games, you could see them in the stands saying we play harder and let the public know we have some stuff and probably a little better at times. 2 3 of the time, they won those games. Mr. Raffertyosaki from this clip, you saw a barnstorming team. This happened with organized teams in leagues. They did not play all their league games, because it was more profitable to play against white teens. Teams. But sometimes to play against white teens, you had to play the , you had to play the role. And there are those black players who viciously disagreed with the idea of playing a role. And this is the idea of black agency again, remember . We are just playing a role and we understand we can accept that. Back their own heritage and, in a way, they were consciously understanding that they were doing so. And yes, there were situations owners, all the time. That is what led to a lot of it. Willie wells, for example. I found freedom and democracy here. In mexico, i am a man. He left the new york eagles to play integrated baseball in mexico, not in the United States. Equality south of our border. Interestingly enough, i like that last statement. I am a man. So often, we talk about the idea of masculinity, what it means to be a man. He found it outside of the United States. He has made many contributions to the game, both in the united latin and south america. And central america, i should say. He was one of the men who went down there. His nickname down there was el diablo. They also make contributions to in the article, they talk about the 1929 kansas city monarchs, and they had the portable lighting system. These were the first night games that were played. Were turning back to bud fowler. He played second base as well as pitcher, and he realizes people were sliding into him hard. So he made rudimentary shin guards to protect himself. And the new have willie wells who was hit one too many times, so he took a coal miners helmet and wore it at the plate. Kind of like a modern day batting helmet . Blacks made contributions both i ask you again, with the signing of robinson, what does it represent . It was a watershed moment. It defied years of segregation. In 1939, the Washington Post john of josh gibson, the legendary pitcher who possibly hit over 800 runs and is supposedly the only man to hit a baseball out of yankee stadium. He said, gibson was worth 200,000. In 1939, mind you, if he were white. He and so many others never had the opportunity to play in the major leagues. We can sit here and wonder what wouldve happened if they did. Josh gibson is known as the black babe ruth. Imagine if he had played. Would babe ruth be known as the White Josh Gibson . They played against white teens they represented years of playing. They played against white teens white teams. Allstar games started up in chicago that outdrew white audiences in the white allstar games. People talked about. It represented, also part of American Society. It represented a breakage from the black men and women who were lynched. It represented the works of so many men throughout the negro league. All kinds of evidence that this guy is the greatest to ever step on the pitchers mound. What really made him stand out was he was a guy who wanted the attention of cynical white reporters and a racist white dominated country. He brought to their attention this segregated world of negro baseball in a way that led to integration. Mr. Raffertyosaki 1948, and 42 years of age, and some people he might have been younger. He mightve been older. He pitched his last game in 1965, when he was 59. Three shutout innings against boston. The guy was an absolute phenomenal athlete. As you heard there, he was a charismatic individual, and he really was one of the main reasons why Jackie Robinson had the opportunity to play. But just because integration happens, it doesnt mean it ended racism at all. Four years after Jackie Robinson broke in, here is a death threat. We will kill you if you attempt to enter the ballgame. This letter. Racism was not dead. Butgration had mattered, the racism was still there. Let us not forget that there were other black players. Most important might have been , the man who integrated the american league. This was six weeks after Jackie Robinson made his appearance. The difference was larry d