Political movement. However, in light of some very important demographic and political trends, the movement could become more salient in upcoming years. Now, white separatism should be distinguished from this notion of white supremacy. Now, to be sure there are white separatists that are also White Supremacists, however, i think there is an important distinction because the term separatist denotes different longterm objectives than the term supremacist. Essentially separatists want to establish an exclusive ethnic or racial model state. By contrast supremacists seek to dominate other racial or ethnic groups. Now, supremacists might also be seg g segregationists, but within the same state. Examples would include the jim crow system of racial segregation, the American South or the system of apartheid in south africa. Now, there are some critics that claim white separatism is little more than a facade adopted by White Supremacists to make their goals seem more publicly acceptab acceptable. By claiming to be separatists, socalled White Nationalists can present their aspirations in a way not unlike other ethnic separatist movements around the world today such as Tibetan Independence movement. So by cloaking their aspirations in the verbiage of selfdetermination white separatists feel that their movement is seen as more legitimate. So let me give you some historical background on the white separatist movement. The 1960s was a time of great social upheaval in america. The vietnam war polarized the nation, it spawned a counterculture, the Civil Rights Movement reached its zenith. Eventually jim crow was dismantled in the south. There were vigilante groups such as the ku klux klan that resisted the Civil Rights Movement, but ultimately they failed. So urban rest, convulsed Many American cities during the 1960s. And there were some people in the White Supremacist Movement that thought the country might actually implode under the weight of racial strife. They thought it would be impossible for blacks and whites to occupy the same country in any kind of amicable way. Blacks were no longer accept the subordinate status. So in the 1960s there were some instances in which both white separatists and black separatists established a dialogue in the hope of coming to some sort of modus and creating separate racial states. On a number of occasions George Lincoln rockwell and members of his American Nazi Party met with representatives of the nation of islam, which was led by Elijah Mohamed at that time. Because whites were a large numerical majority in the country at thattime, the early white separatist assumed that the vast amount of territory in the United States would be reserved for the white population. Blacks would be given a relatively small territory, perhaps in the American South to build a socalled new africa. The status of other racial minorities because they were numerical numerically negligible so grew out of the failure of the larger White Supremacist Movement. For one thing, White Supremacists failed to establish anything resembling a Mass Movement in america. Now, in the 1960s, rockwell believed that trends such as race riots and rising crime would lead to mayhem. And thus create the favorable conditions for his party to take power. He even entertained the idea that his party could actually win National Power by elections by 1972. But rockwell fell to an assassins bullet in 1967, and with his departure some elements of the extreme right became disillusioned with his conservative approach. Furthermore, the immigration and nationality act of 1965 really ushered in a sea change in immigration policy in the United States. So as a consequence of that particular law, the population in america became more ethnically and racially diverse. Due primarily to widespread immigration from asia and latin america. So the white separatist movement in america really emerged around the 1970s. Around this time there were some white supremacist groups that began to reformulate their strategies. Instead of trying to take over the whole country, they believe that it would be more feasible to establish a relatively small separate white nation in which only likeminded whites would reside. Theres an obscure religious creed known as christian identity, that really became an important vehicle for white separatists. Christian identity is a religion that has its origins in something known as british israelism. That first gained popularity in the 19th century in england. The creed that people of northwestern europe are the true descendants of the tribes of israel. According to this narrative after a period of captivity under the syrians and later the babylonians, eventually settled in western europe. In the early 20th century this sect found its way to america and later met morphs into and leslie swift considered to be the most important single figure in the history of the Christian Identity Movement in north america. And in the 1960s he recruited someone by the name of richard brim butler into the creed. So in june of 1978 Richard Butler created the Aryan Nations to serve as kind of a political arm of a religious group that he had previously founded which was called the church of jesus christ christian. So it was really butler who first proposed the establishment of an exclusively white republic in the Pacific Northwest. And he called this the butler plan. To that end he created a compound in idaho which served as the headquarters of the Aryan Nations. So by the early 1980s the compound had really become an important venue for right wing extremists. Butler held annual aryan congresses as the compound where likeminded people and the extreme right subculture would meet. Now, the Aryan Nations was not directly involved in terrorism, however, its compound was the focal point where the idea for creating a clandestine right wing terrorist group really crystallized. A group which came to be known as the silent brotherhood, sometimes referred to as the order, was formed there in the summer of 1983, right around the same time that federal marshals killed a tax protester by the name of boarden call in a confrontation in arkansas. Call belonged to an obscure right wing group called the posse. The group advocated an extreme form of localism, members of the group believed the county sheriff should be the highest level of political authority. So at the annual Aryan Nations congress, which was held in 1983, someone by the name of robert j. Matthews came up with the idea of creating an underground Resistance Group to avenge the death of call. So the group conducted a number campaign of terror in the Pacific Northwest that included things like armored car heist, bank robberies, bombings, even a few homicides. One armored car heist took in a whopping 3. 6 million, which at the time in 1984 set the record for the highest amount of money ever stolen in such a robbery. With that stolen money the group hoped to fund the white separatist movement in the United States. Finally, the fbi caught up with mathews at a place called calley island. Matthews hunkered down in a cabin. Refused to surrender. A fire fight ensued. Eventually the s. W. A. T. Team lost its patience and launched a pyrotechnic device. So the cabin burned to the ground and matthews was killed. All the other members were captured and most received long prison sentences. Strategically, the order did not really accomplish much. However, its campaign really crystalized the revolutionary orientation of the american extreme right. Now the u. S. Government was seen as the enemy. The extreme right began to take on more of a revolutionary posture. No longer did it seek to preserve the status quo. Rather, it sought to overthrow the u. S. Government which, it reasoned, was now under the heel of something known as zog which stands for Zionist Occupation government. The order was valorized in the culture. Tom metzger and his Organization White aryan resistance lionized the incarcerated members as prisoners of war. Readers of his newspaper were encouraged to write letters to them and show their support. The idea of separatism began to gain more popularity in the extreme right subculture. The order was inspired by a book called the turner diaries. It was published in 1978 and went on to become an underground best seller. According to some estimates it sold about 450,000 copies. You can probably find it in pdf. It has been translated in a number of languages including russia, spanish, french, german. It was written by the late William Pierce under the name andrew mcdonald. He was a former physics professor. Later he would go on to found and lead a knneo nazi organizatn called the national alliance. The turner diaries is the story of a race war that convulsions america in the late 1990s. In the story the protagonist, earl turner, is a member of a group called the organization. The organization fights the u. S. Government. In the novel, the government is controlled by a jewish conspiracy that seeks to destroy the white race. The story begins when a new law called the cohen act takes effect. Federal agents begin to round up peoples firearms. So that act serves as a catalyst for the rebellion. The organization commences attacks against the government. The story has a lot of violent episodes interspersed with audiological digressions. There is one particularly grisly episode where traders are hanged from lamp post es posts. For earls final mission he is inducted into the group and he is supposed to fly a crop duster plane laden with a Nuclear Weapon into the pentagon. So his mission succeeds,and in doing so, the organization creates this new order. So, out of all this destruction, a new order emerges. Its worth mentioning that not only would the turner diaries inspire a number of rightwing terrorists but the novel also established a genre of literature in the extreme right subculture. Over the years, numerous authors have expressed aspirations in novels which might be interpreted as blueprints for revolution. Now, besides the Aryan Nations, there was another white separatist group that operated in Northern Arkansas in the late 1970s. Another christian identity minister by the name of james ellison. He founded a community known as the covenant sword and arm of the lord. Csa for short. Over the years the group took on a paramilitary orientation. Ellison also attended the Aryan Nations congress of 1983. He expressed his anger over the death of gordon kahl. And ellison declared himself to be the white resistance leader of the american homeland. He provided sanctuary to some fugitive members of the order when authorities were pursuing them. The csa was linked to several episodes of terrorism including the fire bombing of a Jewish Community center in bloomington, beyond. Also, the bombing of a gay church in springfield, missouri. So once the authorities had implicated the csa in these offenses, the fbis elite antiterrorist unit, the Hostage Rescue Team, was deployed and surrounded the compound. It was the first time that the Hostage Rescue Team was deployed. After some negotiation ellison surrendered without incident. So the organization basically disintegrated after that. Now, after the demise of the after the demise of the order and the csa, the white separatist movement languished for a while. But there was a highly charged incident in august of 1992 which brought renewed attention to the movement. A few years before, someone by the name of randy weaver, a reclusive white separatist, he lived with his family in the hills of idaho, he sold two sawedoff shotguns to a bureau of alcohol, tobacco and firearms informant, atf. On occasion weaver had visited the Aryan Nations compound. The atf essentially offered weaver a deal if he would agree to inform on the people in the crowned at the Aryan Nations. In exchange, he would receive a light penalty for his alleged offenses. For his part, though, weaver refused the offer. And that began a very protracted and very costly investigation. Finally, on august 21st, 1992, six u. S. Marshals drove out to ruby ridge to conduct reconnaissance of weavers property. During that incident a marshal shot and killed the familys pet dog. This set off an exchange of gunfire. Deputy marshal bill deegan was shot and killed by kevin harris. Kevin harris was a friend of the weavers and had been living on their property at that time. So, other marshals fired back, and sammy, randy weavers son, was killed. So once a federal agent was killed, automatically the fbi assumes responsibility of the situation. So, once again, the Hostage Rescue Team was deployed. The next day an fbi sniper shot and killed randys wife as she held her infant daughter. At their trial, randy weaver and kevin harris were acquitted of the most serious charges. Weaver was convicted of a minor weapons offense. The federal government eventually paid 3. 1 million to weavers children for damages related to that incident. Six months after the ruby ridge fiasco there was another federal siege in waco, texas. Although it really wasnt a rightwing group, those people in the extreme right subculture interpreted the raid against the Branch Davidians as a message from the federal government that it would have no compunks about repressing dissident groups. This galvanized the extreme right culture in america. There were now white separatists projects that began to emerge around this time. For example, the socalled neo confederates. They seek to secede from the union. This crystalized around the mid 1990s. In 1994 two brothers, james ron recalled and Walter Donald kennedy published a book in which they championed the socalled lost cause of the confederacy. Around the same time that the book was released, the league of the south was founded in tuscaloosa, alabama. The organization was founded and its led by dr. Michael hill, a former college professor. There is a multitude of organizations that compose the southern nationalist movement. The movement is far from monolithic. Some organizations are divided on particular issues, especially with respect to race. Essentially, there are two competing camps in the movement. One is racialist. And prefers a southern nation that is anglo celtic in character. The other is strictly territorial and favors, if you will, a diverse dixie in which southern culture can flourish without regard to race. A few years ago, gregory kay published four novels in his third revolution series. Tells the story of a Guerilla Movement in the south that secedes from the United States and establishes a new independent southern nation. Recent controversies surrounding the display of the confederate battle flag have had a polarizing effect in the south between its mostly white offenders who view the flag as part of their regional identity and africanamericans who view the flag as a blatant insult of past servitude. They see it as a symbol of past servitude. Now, on the other side of the country, Harold Covington has advocated for the creation of an allwhite homeland in the Pacific Northwest. His organization is called the northwest front. Covingtons career in radical politics has spanned over four decades. Originally he is from north carolina, but he has lived overseas including south africa, england, ireland. While he was in ireland, the provisional Republican Army left a very deep impression on him. He saw the ira as an exemplar of an underground revolutionary movement. Covingtons chief criticism of the american White Nationalist movement is that its goals have always been kind of illdefined and unrealistic. In a country thats estimated to be majority nonwhite by mid century covington argues its foolish to pursue a strategy seeking to return america to a white majority population. Instead, he argues that by concentrating the assets of the white separatist movement into a smaller area, then white separatists goals are more likely to be realized, have a greater likelihood of success. In 2003, he published a series of five novels based on a white insurgery in the Pacific Northwest. Set in the not too distant future, the novels extol the exploits of the northwest volunteer army, or the nva. And the scenario that covington depicts, america has been in long terminal decline, outsourcing and other harmful Economic Trends have decimated the white working class. To make matters worse, the u. S. Military was overstretched and bogged down in a series of endless small wars in the middle east. And all of that really put the federal government at a terrible fiscal predicament. So, seeing the window of opportunity, the northwest volunteer Army Launches a campaign to drive the federal government out of the Pacific Northwest and create a racially exclusive homeland for whites. So essentially the insurgents mount a war of attrition that eventually persuades the u. S. Government to relinquish a limited amount of territory. In one of the novels president Chelsea Clinton agrees to an armistice with the rebels and cedes territory to them. In 2010 covington began broadcasting an Internet Radio program called radio free northwest. In the program he exhorts whites to relocate to the Pacific Northwest to form a community of likeminded activists. He does not, however, aid vo kait violence under current conditions, rather, only when a period of severe crisis arrives he argues will terrorism be called for. Even carving out a territory consisting of a few american states would still be a very tall order. Instead, some activists urged likeminded whites to congregate together in select towns and neighborhoods. As the native south african activist arthur kemp explained in his book nova europa, over time White Nationalists could begin to take over local governments and, as their numbers expanded, successively higher tiers of government come under their control. He cites the examples of the colony in orania and post apartheid south africa and israel as successful case studies that could be emulated by White Nationalists. Today such efforts in america appear farcical, as evidenced by craig cobbs attempt to establish a whitesonly down in north dakota beginning in 2011. The project did not find many supporters. Instead, it occasioned protests from area residents and derigs in the media. Matthew hine bach has emerged as the most articulate voice of white separatism in the United States. He first gained notoriety in 2012 when he organized a White Student Union in a university in maryland. Then he founded another group called the traditional youth network. He believes the United States should be divided into separate ethnically and culturely homo jennuous states. He thinks there should be established a number of separate states. Whites would receive several autonomous states not unlike American Tribal groups that had their own regions to control for their respective tribes. Most of his followers are White Nationalists, but he has reached out to people from other ethnic and racial groups. A in an interview he told me that most of his followers in california are latinos. So hinebach sees the american system as the principal enemy. He organizes that integration ultimately causes racial tension and so, based on this reasoning he sees separation as the most appropriate course for the country. At the present time he sees the appalachian area as the most Fertile Ground for his white separatist aspirations. What is most significant about hinebach is his energy. He is as indefatigable man. He appears on a number of Television News programs. I goes to rallies. In a recent interview i asked him about what form of white separatist Foreign Policy might take. He has travelled to europe on a number of occasions. While there, he has met with a number of nationalist leaders. So the Foreign Policy he proposes for his various white ethnostates would be to unite with various nations around the world that oppose globalism. That could include trade and military alliances with russia, iran, syria and even socialist countries such as venezuela. So hinebach identifies himself as the leader of the eurasian movement. The leader is a political theorist named duggan in russia. He seeks to forge a coalition of dissonance across the continents to resist American Global hegemony. According to duggan the american liberal ideology with its emphasis on individual liberty, when taken to its extreme, ultimately abolishes all forms of collective identity and, therefore, is a Destructive Force which ruins nations. Now, in recent years there has been quite a bit written on duggan in the western press, but it is not entirely clear how much influence he actually has in russia. But according to some observers, duggans geopolitical vision has become the lone star for russian president Vladimir PutinsForeign Policy. Now, there are some people in the White Nationalist movement that take issue with the idea of separatism. Some extreme right groups reject separatist projects as retreatist and defeatist. They argue that whites not not settle for a lump state in the style of the northwest front. Some detractors point out that if most white separatists congregated in one region they would be sitting ducks for a hostile federal government. For his part in his manifesto, dylann roof, he is the alleged moose shooter in charlson. He categorically rejected this idea. To him it was analogous to whites fleeing suburbs to avoid blacks. Instead he urged whites to stand up and white. Be that as it may, there does seem to be a trend in which the broader White Nationalist movement seems more amenable to this idea of separatism. Even jared taylor, who has long presented himself as kind of a civil rights leader for white people, in a recent lecture, he mentioned that because there seems to be such strongly held, irreconcilable views on race in america perhaps some form of separation was in order. In addition to internal critics, the white separatist movement faces very strong opposition from the media, the government, and private monitoring groups. The two most important monitoring groups are the Antidefamation League and the southern poverty law center. They keep a very close watch on the white separatist movement. They share information with Law Enforcement and intelligence agencies, including the fbi and the department of homeland security. Moreover, those monitoring groups have done much to discredit the white separatist movement in the media. For these and other reasons, its quite difficult for the white separatist movement to mobilize in the United States. However, recent events seem to have galvanized the White Nationalist movement. I would be remiss if i did not say anything about the president ial campaign of donald trump and the reception to it in the White Nationalist movement. In his campaign, donald trump has been outspoken in his advocacy of building a wall on the southern border of the United States. And, of course, this resonated with Many Americans, not just members of the White Nationalist movement. Many people are understandably worried about the effects of widespread immigration on issues such as the economy, the infrastructure, schools and health care, just to name a few things, but people in the White Nationalist movement in particular are concerned about massive immigration from latin america because they fear that it might reduce whites to minority status. And as a result, their existence as a separate race would be imperilled. So some representatives of the White Nationalist movement have spoken out in favor of donald trump. The most notable of whom was david duke. He is a longstanding White Nationalist activist. Although he did not formally endorse donald trump because he agreed with some of his other positions, such as trump support for israel, duke, nevertheless, urged his followers to get involved in the trump campaign. Now, trump drew some criticism in the media, because after he was first apprised of dukes support, he did not immediately disavow it. At first trump said he didnt really know enough about duke to categorically reject his support, but a couple of days later trump formally disavowed any support from duke and related parties. Be that as it may, that has not stopped the media cashiricaturi trump and his supporters as racist and bigots as shown on saturday night live not too long ago. Another contemporary issue wort noting is the idea of White Privilege which has gained currency in recent years. The term was coined in 1988 by peggy mcintosh. The idea has been promoted by other antiracist activists including tim wise. One goes so far as to call for abolishing the white race. Eventually essentially White Privilege means that people identified as white enjoy certain advantages that nonwhites do not experience solely because of the color of their skin. For White Privilege to really have any meaning, by definition, white people would have to live with nonwhites in the same nationstate. As jared taylor of american renaissance pointed out, in a racially exclusive nationstate composed solely of whites, White Privilege would not be operative. So the issue of White Privilege presents somewhat of a conundrum for critics of white separatism. It would be hard to accuse white separatists of having White Privilege, after all, if they are trying to form an exclusively white nation. On the other hand, the establishment of such a political entity presupposes ethnic cleansing writ large. Its hard to see how the goals could be obtained without resorting to widespread violence. Now, although the Mainstream Media condemn overt forms of white separatism, arguably its still practiced on an individual level by many people when they decide where to live. Take, for example, bill clinton. In 1988 toni morrison, the great africanamerican novelist went so far as to characterize bill clinton as the nations first black president. However, after leaving the White House Bill and Hillary Clinton purchased a home in chappaqua in new york state. And the population there is less than 1 africanamerican. So its not a very diverse community. In fact, over the past several years the department of housing and urban development has been putting pressure on the county to open up the place for more minority residents. The county does not seem to be very enthusiastic about this. There are some significant demographic trends that would make the issues of segregation and separatism more acute in this century. Back in 1967 president linden b. Johnson commissioned a panel of Civic Leaders to investigate the underlying causes of racial unrest in america. And the commissions findings, the report criticized whites for fleeing cities and moving to the suburbs. The report issued the famous conclusion, quote, our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white, separate and unequal, end quote. But since then there have been great gains for africanamericans in many areas of american life, including sports, entertainment, business and politics. Despite these gains, racial segregation has remained largely in place. Now, its true that in the aggregate many metropolitan areas have become more ethically and racially diverse. However, according to a recent study, people in these metropolitan areas still usually live in neighborhoods that are either mostly white or mostly black. And there is evidence that people in america are taking into consideration issues such as race when moving from one part of the country to another. The great africanamerican scholar carol m. Swain observed that demographic changes have really affected the strategic calculations of all major racial and ethnic groups in america. As she pointed out. Census figures show that whites are moving away from highimmigration metropolitan areas. Though states that have undergone on immigration inflow have experienced a native outflow. Selfsegregation is evident as whites tend to flee those areas that become more diverse. So, although overt expressions of white separatism are still t taboo in america, white separatism should be viewed in light of current political and demographic trends in america that could really have farreaching effects. For instance, according to Census Bureau projections, by the year 2042 whites will no longer comprise a majority of the American Population due in large part to increases in both the hispanic and asian segments of the population. This development is viewed in nearly apocalyptic terms in the White Nationalist movement. More and more people in that movement seem to believe that some form of separatism will be necessary to ensure, as they put it, white racial survival. But even among ordinary people, people who consider themselves to be mainstream and not extremist, they might feel a sense of unease when they are demographically reduced to minority status. Furthermore, the last two years have witnessed the return of urban unrest in america. These disturbances were precipitated by some highprofile confrontations between the police and africanamerican men, including eric gardner, michael brown. Protest movements such as black lives matter have gained many supporters across the country. So its conceivable that there could be a counter mobilization among some whites who feel threatened by this violence. Now, white flight is nothing new, but it becomes increasingly untenable as the population of the country gets larger and becomes more racially and ethnically diverse. Of course, it goes without saying that the gograpeography e country is fixed. So it makes it increasingly hard to flee to the suburbs adinfinitum. Still, more people could join the ranks if they feel imperilled in the increasingly diverse america in the 21st century. Anybody have any questions for me . Somebody. You must have a question, young lady. So the projections for 2050, you said, right . Originally it was said 2050, but now its been revised to about 2042 when the nation will no longer have a white majority. There will be no minority. Every racial and ethnic group will be a minority. Not only that, this can get a little murky too because there are many marriages, interracial marriages today, interethnic marriages. It becomes increasingly difficult to classify people by race as there is more and more intermarriage. You had something for me, question . Anyone else . I guess, the previous slide before you were talking about the potentially trying to get individuals to move in that are minority. Shchap q chappaqua, new york . Yes. Is that also discriminating . The idea is there would be lowcost housing built there. Its an exclusive neighborhood. I forget how much the clintons paid for their home. The idea was that there would be lowcost housing to make it open to minority residents. Africanamericans and i assume other minorities, perhaps latinos, might be included in that as well. Has there been another type of kerner report thats been done by the government at all . Not to my knowledge. There are census figures and all that. To the best of my knowledge there hasnt been anything comparable in recent years. I know president barack obama has talked about Race Relations in america. Some people have talked about america entering into a postracial area after the election of barack obama in 2008. Be that as it may we still see quite a bit of racial tension that emerges. To the best of my knowledge the government has not released a new kerner report, anything comparable to that. Christopher, what do you have for me, sir . The turner diaries. Go ahead. Do you think thats had any influence on any current nationalist not nationalist but like current movements towards terrorism within . You know what i mean . Yeah. It has had a big influence primarily on the extreme right subculture. It has presumably influenced a number of terrorists. The most important of whom was timothy mcveigh, who was responsible for bombing the Oklahoma CityFederal Building in april 1995, which killed 168 people. He was enommeramored of the tur diaries. David copeland in england, he was a rightwing bomber and bombed some places in london in 1999. There are some people in the extreme right subculture now that think the turner diaries that its misguided to follow that blue print for revolution, the idea that the federal government will disintegrate and that there will be revolution. Some think that, no, thats not really a viable strategy, and so there is now some debate in the extreme right subculture on whether the turner diaries is good, that thats really a prophecy for future events. Other people say, no, its fantasyland and instead we should get really into the idea of doing hard work, activism, recruiting people in the movement rather than expecting the federal government to implode. Okay . Jonathan, what do you have for me, sir . Do you see any, like, contemporary attempts, like you said rockwell, i believe in the nazi party, like and how he was working with the nation of islam. Do you know of anything thats contemporary . To reiterate what i said before. The leader of the traditional youth network, he has been reaching out to leaders of other groups. A lot of his supporters in california are latinos. As he put it, he supports white power, black power and brown power, the notion that whites are not necessarily superior to anybody else but they have should have their own separate state, selfdetermination. He has reached out to other people. How much success he has had, i cant say. On the surface i dont see much success. Its a work in progress, i guess, from his point of view. Any further questions . Yes, sir. When you talked about the. [ inaudible ] has its own radio show. It has Something LikeFree Health Care for everyone. And the fact that its still accepting towards not just whites but all different types. Do you think that that has, like, the potential for a Significant Growth . Because his thought process is to kind of overthrow but little by little that movement has been growing and growing. Do you think its going to be something thats significant . Well, by his own admission Harold Covington says that so far his movement is very small. I think he said that he has around maybe three, four, five thousand internet listeners who listen to his show each week. So his success has been limited. Some people think that that would be a good place to create an allwhite nation. I talked about the campaign of the order. They were active there. So there is somewhat of a tradition for white separatism in that area. The aryan nation was located there. Others think its bad. Though the Pacific Northwest is white a lot of people there are liberal. Covington has put the most thought into it. He came up with a constitution. There are socialistic elements to it. He talks about providing health care to people. At the present time its still a very marginal movement. Whether it will take off, thats to be seen. Covington is getting advanced in age. He is well into his 60s. I dont know if there will be somebody to take own the reins when he decides to retires but its been one of the more enduring separatist projects but to date theres not much to show for it. Any other questions . Yes, sir. I am not sure what network it was, but i remember the ferguson ads. There was a sign that side isis was here. Do you think they could be exploiting the civil unrest in america right now, attempting to do so . Yes. Some islamist groups, isis and al qaeda, have commented on the urban unrest thats convulsed america. Al qaeda has an online english language magazine called inspire. Isis has a very robust social Media Presence as well. They have done things like given advice to protesters. Palestinian activists have given advice to protesters. They talk about the struggle in palestine and how its relatable to ferguson. There have been instances where radical islamists have championed the plight of groups like black lives matter in america. Yes, sir. If covington had some of these socialist views, wouldnt it be difficult to classify as far right . We think of socialism, socialistic being on the far left of the political spectrum. Thats a good point. Sometimes it can be hard to pigeonhole groups like that. Hitlers movement, the nazi party, the formal name was National Socialist german workers party. Even though its considered the extreme of the extreme right, also had elements of socialism as well. Sometimes well soo that. Oftentimes with these kind of nationalistic movements because they champion a cohesive nation, oftentimes there are socialistic elements in their political programs. Anything else . Anyone else . Okay. So that concludes this evenings lecture. For next week, make sure you read chapter 10, okay, and be ready to talk about that. See you folks later. Have a good rest of the week. You are watching American History tv. 48 hours of programming on American History every weekend on cspan3. Follow us on twitter cspanhistory for information on our schedule and to keep up with the latest history news. If you are teacher of social studies and civics to middle and high school students, try our classroom resources at the cspan classroom website. There is ready to go resources including Current Events videos, lesson plans, handouts and enhanced teaching tools to engage your students in discussions, with new content added regularly. Many teachers across the country use these resources, you should try it too. It is free, quick and easy. Go to cspan. Org classroom to sign up. This year is the 30th anniversary of president Ronald Reagans visit to berlin where he delivered his tear down this wall speech. Next, reagans speech writer Peter Robinson and former u. S. Ambassador to germany richard burt recall the president s speech and trip. The International Center for journalists hosts this 90minute event. Good evening, everybody. Please find your seats. Good evening. Marcus, thanks for setting up this wonderful event. Ambassador burt, richard, mr