With the contemporary. A standing here next to alan apache was born in oklahoma, a descendent of geronimos band who was removed andklahoma after geronimo his family were captured and he later became a terrific artist. One of the main focuses of this piece is a native american on horseback and that is truly the story of native americans in the Southern Plains region and in. He panhandle, especially one of the most important events of the 1600s, particularly the comanche and apache people. They were able to trade horses from santa fe. They were able to utilize the environment more efficiently because they can cover longer distances. The bison hunting culture really became the strong suit, the highlight of the area. Do today is share with you some of the objects that were associated with that kind of mobility, objects such as clothing that were beaded with glass. What i would like to do is to begin by starting out looking at moccasins. Everybody understands that you have to wear something on your feet. Each tribe throughout the planes in the historic period, and by that i mean the 1800s to the early 1900s, every tribal group had its own distinctive style of moccasins, be it the way that they were cut and shaped and decorated. Themfolks would bead completely on the top. Others would incorporate porcupine quill works into them. , this Southern Plains would be either comanche or kiowa, they were partially beaded but also decorated with green paint. Then the wonderful 10 cones tin cones that would make a pleasing sound when one would be walking and at the heel there was often a leather fringe and they would say this is to secure the tracks as they were walking that that is not necessarily the case. They didnt spend much time walking. That fringe was just decorative to hang off of the back of the moccasin as the person was on horseback, or to flitter off as they were galloping on horseback. It was purely an aesthetic thing. But i would like to do is to move from here and show you other specific kinds of things that were characteristic of the Southern Plains folks, like that kiowa, like the comanche. The moccasins we were looking at a minute ago were made for men, but for women, it was generally boots. You have these moccasins with these leggings on them, and sometimes they were all made in one piece and in this instance, they are two piece. These were beams that were used for decorative purposes as well. Glass beads, they really to an enormously high mark. That couch there with the figure in the center of it, very tiny beads, each one painstakingly that people carried into the teepees during the , and the rattles that were used to keep time with the songs, each of those handles was wonderfully beaded. In some instances, it was just wrapped with thread instead of beadwork. On the planes comment in this area of the planes, what we have is a great deal of veneration for children. Wonderfulo you see toys, such as this doll in the , they werees there not seen as toys, but instructional toys because they were teaching young girls how to care for their own young when that time came. Cradlen this magnificent that we see here. Beaded and it is very interesting to note that often times with these cradles there would be a completely different design, from one side of the cradle to the other. Even the color, complete shifting color as well as designs, this was very typical of the late 1800s, early 1900s for this and comanche cradles that had this wonderful wooden frames, sometimes painted. This would also has elaborate decoration in terms of the tax that were added as well. What i would like to do is show you probably our most significant single object in our ative american collection the historical museum. It is a headdress that belonged to the comanche chief. The son of a white captive who rose through Comanche Society to ultimately become the leading chief. He was involved with the red river war among this area against the United States government. As the native people or being pushed out he was considered to be a great leader. Boths also involved with. F the battles in 1864 and 1874 he lived well into the 20th century. Advocate an incredible for the comanche people and other tribes. He was an early leader of the native american church. This is a photograph of him taken around 1900 or so. See his full glory as i dont with his finest clothing. The headdress is really a remarkable example of these kinds of objects that were worn by men of high rank and high status. The golden eagle feathers that are topped with horse hair on them. The red wool and cap, then the rackrful metallic rick along the brow. For many of the people of the trailer nation, a full like this would have signified great importance, high, highranking status for anyone who had the opportunity to obtain one, to allinone, and earn the right to also wear it. This tree is one of the great pieces that we have in the collection here. We are very grateful to the families of the chief who andinued to come and visit examine this piece as a part of their family heritage. So, what we are trying to do is to not only educate the public about historic native american arts and coulter, but we are also reaching out and working with contemporary native people to help educate us even more about traditional native american heritage. And particularly here on the panhandle where we are specifically looking towards our highranking comanche friends for that. Travelcities tour staff to amarillo, texas to learn about its rich history. To watch more videos about amarillo and other stops on our to four, visit cspan. Org cities tour. You are watching American History tv, all weekend, every weekend on cspan three. Next, historian Nancy Bristow talks about the 1918 influenza pandemic and how it devastated american civilians and soldiers during the final year of world war i and beyond. She also explains why the epidemic is not memorialized like the war itself, despite causing a higher number of deaths. Ms. Bristow is the author of american pandemic the lost worlds of the 1918 influenza epidemic. The National World war i museum and memorial in kansas city, missouri, hosted this talk as part of their annual symposium. I do believe that is my cue to head to this direction and give our introduction for our next speaker. Also, i would like to say before that, here is a little Public Service announcement