Thank you for that too kind introduction. Im delighted to be back here at mary washington. I was threatening when i was here last that i might not go home. If i had known 14 months ago, i would not have told you all my funny stories. Its probably best that we just move forward with our talk about liliuokalani. I am anglo. Im a mainland writer. And so my the times i will have to speak in hawaiian, its thick. We will talk a bit about the hawaiian language, the first thing i need to do is make some disclaimer of humility. Captive paradise is intended to explain the essentials of how we got our hands on the place. The reviews i got from the wall street journal all the way to honolulu magazine were extraordinary. Really wonderful reviews, which did not prepare me for the anger that i saw in the native independence blogs. They hated it. And hated me just another halle trying to make a bunch of money off our history. Apparently they think people write history for money. Which tells you something about their understanding of the publishing business. There was on one of these culture blogs, a native scholar who said, yeah, hes white, he shouldnt have written it, i was curious, so i bought a copy and i read it, and its really not bad. Dont you think it would help us . I mean, heres a mainstream american publisher who agrees with us dont you think we should be able to use this. People like me arent supposes to poke their nose into their business. The first thing i need to say in their defense, is this is not anything like Political Correctness run amok. Its not. Actually, this combat over who gets to talk about the narrative is not new at all. In fact the very first native language history of hawaii which was written by samuel akamakow. I practiced. When i made this Research Trip to hawaii ill tell you a little bit about that, a lot of their Research Facilities are privately owned, and if they dont like you, they dont have to help you. I memorizes the name of that famous fish, its like the longest fish name in the world. It impressed nobody. But when they published his history of hawaii, the reaction was furious. Our story is sacred, this can only come from the kahunas, from the priests. Youre just telling it out there to everybody. The country people and the Common People, they dont have a right to know our story. I come from doing Texas History for about 40 years. Of the degree to which Political Correctness has seized Texas History. In hawaii its eight times worse, because we took their country. I understand that, before i went over there, i was having lunch with a history professor friend of mine. On whether i wanted to come back to his university and finish my ph. D. In history. He asked me how are you doing with the hawaii book. He said, well, im not finding nick to change my opinion, that the overthrow in 1893 was a nasty piece of work. It was just awful. I am also becoming really troubled by the amount of oppression and violence against the common canukus by the kings before we even showed up. He said, yes, thats true, if you write your book that way. And you dont position the nature everyones as victims of american racism, he said that wont help you get back into grad school. Well, i marinaded in this for a few seconds. I said, yes, this must be what they mean by academic freedom. So i had the opportunity to go do research, and i discovered very quickly, the local phenomenon known as stink eye. This is the look you get from natives who find you researching their history or nosing into their culture. There was one lady, she was a dosent, my Research Assistant let it drop that i was writing a book. She gave me that look. Youre not the person who should write it. But if you insist on it, the first thing you should do is submit yourself to the elders, and if they approve of you, go to the Bishop Museum and ask their help. Theyre the ones who know the story the best. And i thought, well, lady, i won the spur award twice. And i didnt really submit myself to anybody. But thank you. Well, the next day we had lunch with an Earth Sciences professor who said, in hawaii today, to be an anthropologist and be fired from the Bishop Museum is a badge of honor. Active war zone. Now, having i also thought if there is a native researched and there are increasingly more and more native Language Research languages that need to be explored. When somebody produces that book, i will be first in line to buy it. If theyve had 120 years. So i my whole take was to explain to a mainland audience how it is we got our hands on the place. And so tonight were going to look at the light of i cant call her liliuokalani. Were going to talk about how her culture shaped her and how that should affect our understanding of her and the country. Now, i know we have no hope of understanding without going a bit into the culture. I have prepared a power point. This was longer than the power point i did last year. Electrical cawley, where are you sitting. When i started to getting to ten minutes you need to give me a sign. Its entirely true. Modern hawaii began with kamaha the first. They were one in 1,000. Call it 400,000. There were about 400 chiefs. When captain cook stopped on the west coast of the big island. Young kamaiha was request him. He was checking out the cannons. There was no iron in hawaii. If i had these weapons, i could concur the whole place. He was over there by himself thinking how he might do this. He asked the kahunas how can i concur the place. You need to build a great temple to the war god and he built which is 100 feet wide up to 20 feet high. The lava blocks were passed by ham. It was a luakini, which means that was a place where the human sacrifices were performed. A lot of us didnt realize when captain cook got there in 1779 it was the end of the makahiki season. They fight, they wore for 8 months he got there at the end of that, and a lot of the polynesians thought he was the storm god they had a big ceremony. The end of it was when the priest ate the eyeball of a tuna. When that was done, he ate a human eyeball from a fresh sacrifice. Thats just what life was back in those days. He built this huge hayat to the god. What is t in tahiti is k in hawaii. These are kigi. Thats what they were worshipping until the missionaries came along. He was a successful warrior. Lots of may hem, lots of butchery. Some escaped. Including this fellow. He settled in connecticut went to yale. He was imbued with the spirit of mission. We did not send missionaries to hawaii because were americans and thats what they do. It took them years of yelling at them. If you believed all this jesus stuff you would send missionaries to my country and end this horror. It took seven years, and it said okay, all right. He started translating the bike el. And they said, well, do you really know english that well. He who knows english . He went from hebrew to hawaiian. There are grammatical and structural similarities that made hebrew easy for him. These are smart people he got tif us and died. He never got to go back, so everybodys sorry. We put together a mission left in 1819 got there in 18920. While he was over here studying and translating the bible. By the time he started creating a hawaiian english diction airy. The favorite of his 19 wives, she was not the great royal wife. She was the favorite recreational wife. She got tired of this whole religion for two reasons she could see it didnt work. All the prohibitions werent working. Women would be thrown off a cliff for eating a banana. Theres one punishment, thats death. She can see all these western sailors, they would break left, right and center. Theres no typhoons. This isnt working. My people had started dying of western diseases. If its not working, why are we keeping this religion . Also, after he died, she would have gone to the back of the room. She had no intention of going to the back of the room. So she ended kapu. She had the temples burnt, the idols pulled down, there was a spiritual vacuum in hawaii that by the time we sent missionaries and this is higher than they were the first contingent. Everybody in america thinks that we sent missionaries they destroyed the local religion, no. They sailed into the vacuum. Hawaiians are a spiritual people and they took readily to christianity. In fact there are there are stories i can tell you, theres no time and its too polite an audience. When they discovered what a wide open place the South Pacific was, they were agast. But the hawaiians took to it, in fact, this church that they built it was built on a spring that belonged to a high chiefist its the waters of composes of lets see, 14,000 half ton blocks of coral. They were cut by hand from the bottom of Honolulu Harbor by the natives. Lifted up by hand. Kind of like the mid evil peasants in europe. Remember we showed you they also built by hand. They were used to this. Anyway, there was this period of transition between kapu, human sacrifice, women getting thrown over the cliff for eating a banana. Two american congregationalists ver boston ways of doing things, that is what lydia was born into. These are her birth parents. They actually had a bunch of children. Americans got there, they gave western diseases to these people and they lost their fertility. The best thing you could do is marry your sister and they had been doing this for centuries. That is her birth parents. She was not raised by them, because among the hawaiian, you had a baby, you gave it to a relative and they raised the kid. Its called hanai adoption. This is where she grew up. They were very high up. She loved this house, she always wrote very fondly of this house. She became the the sister of bernice paoawahi. She and bernice were very close. Well talk later about how they married at about the same time, different people. Bernice is the founder of the bishop foundation. Bishop museum. The crowd lands that wind up funding the schools and museum. And all this. Now, one of lydias i guess i should explain her name. She was born and i know i wrote this down. This is what you get for giving me wine at your dinner. In those days the kohina nuwi was the half sister of the king. And she named this child liliuohalani. She named the baby painful tearful sore eyes. If i want to suffer by god, everybodys going to suffer. Burning pain, kamakahaya sore eyes. Baptized as lydia. This guy is one of my heroes. Her half brother was the last surviving sun of the concurer. He was born under immense privilege. He had life and death power over everybody. But he was torn between two worlds. He tried to commit suicides when the missionaries prevented him from marrying his sister. It would have been a match. If he had had if he had had a child it would have been next to the gods. Because kayapualani was so holy. The missionary was concerned about this, he tried to kill himself. The missionaries, by the time became a dedicated christian. His mother became an even more dedicated christian. By the time he was broken he gave his people a declaration of human rights, a constitution, a legislature and he surrendered half of his own lands so the Common People could own land. I mean, he was a great great king very close to he was aware of the lack of heirs. They had two baby boys but they died in infancy. He executed her grandfather for murder which is unthinkable for a high chief. Her father wanted to get a divorce, and the missionaries wouldnt let him get a divorce until he was single again. So he said fine, so he killed her. He found out he signed the death warrant and there was a very stark lesson. He also realized were not having kids, the throne has to go somewhere, he enlarged the circle of success, lilihu and her family were not born into the royalty. They were descended from kamayamayas first cousin. It began as a chiefs childrens school. This is a later picture, you see that crowd up there in the balcony. What was up there was the bochten parlor. The missionaries contributed their best stuff furniture silver so they could learn polite society. Well discover later in what good stead that put them. Among their lessons, i looked through some of the work books of the students at the royal school. And one of the things they did to learn english. Theres an exercise on english words ending in tion. This is all written out. Merry moderations answer to timothy observation. With no little con sister nation at your weak imagination to show on slight foundation. After examination and serious con tem place, i suppose your admiration was the fruit of recreation. It went on and on. It was just hysterical. Another exercise that just floored me was that the students also learned and copied out the louisiana bell. In louisiana, he had a lovely colored gal called delusiana bell. What on earth they thought the hawaiian children would ever have to do with the louisiana bell or they learned black jupiter, it must have come from the common assumption that the polynesians were african. They discovered to their cost it has a lot to do with how they came to regard the United States. Thats the only explanation i can come up with. Here we have lydia at a very young age. He she was immensely bright. She had three brothers, her two older brothers were there. One died and then calacca became king. She was especially gifted in poetry. You have to understand hawaiian poetry. The Hawaiian Culture produced an extraordinarily High Standard of chant. That preserved their whole culture and story. She mastered this. One thing about the hawaiian language is, that makes it so difficult. Theres the exact meaning of what youre talking about and then theres the hidden meaning. In public speaking, i would be saying what im saying, it floats somewhere way above that only hawaiians would get. Theres some thoroughly irrelevant sexual raspberry, because theyre polynesians and they make sex jokes out of everything. Lydia the hawaiian language by the way, it was the missionaries who gave them the written language, they went from virtually a stone aged society the missionary standardized language. Within 10 years, they had a Literacy Rate that was the highest in the world. These people were very bright, ready for learning, lydia mastered this. She also had an extraordinary musical talent. She became a concert quality pianist, she proposed in her lifetime between 150 and 160 songs. One of which you heard during the intro. I have heard for many years, in fact in preparing this lecture, i discovered a new a modern website saying, oh, poor liliuakalani. Shes toppled from the throne, and imprisoned in her bedroom. She writes this song farewell to thee. Farewell my country it was wonderful. No, she wrote this song in 1878 on a horseback riding expedition down to the winward side of oahu. If you havent been to hawaii, theres trade winds that blow. The northeast side of all the islands is jungle. And the mountains squeeze out all the rain and the western slope is mediterranean, it looks kind of like arizona on a good day. Well, she was on this trip and she saw one of their companions gave a very afiction at farewell, probably to her younger sister. And she began humming this kind of popular tune called the lone rock by the sea. People say, oh, that sounds just like the lone rock by the she t this parting between two lovers. She was an amazing student. She was, unlike her brothers, sincere in her profession of christian faith. She was a persuaded churchgoer. When she got bigger, she played the organ. She led the choir. Even at school she was constantly exposed to these reminders of the old days. The headmaster was constantly in a dither in what to do with the 16 royal progeny. He was a chief from birth. They were powerful even as toddlers. When alexander showed up, he was three years old. He shows up at school with 30 servants. One guy to to carry his umbrella, another to carry his spit box. If you are higher up, you had somebody to carry spit in. Cook said, this cannot do. I cannot educate these students with 30 servants each. The king granted him absolute control over their kids. Meanwhile, his wife julia cook was drying their tears. The young ones were weeping and screaming from homesickness. The polynesian culture in these kids she was kept busy trying to keep them apart. Princess abigail became pregnant at 14 by who became prince kamehameha who became the fifth, who was 12. He was given a beating. She was forced to marry her mothers gardener and exiled and told to behave herself. There were no more kamehameha descendents. That is not true. Abigails child had progeny. There are direct descendents of kamehameha on kouachi today. They were never considered royal. Remember the queen of maui she made things even worse because shed showed up one day for a party in a musical concert and saw prince moses and thought, wow, he is kind of cute. laughs the queen initiated an affair with her husbands nephew, which caused all kinds of ruckus. It is common in contemporary scholarship to really disparage the royal school. These american missionaries get there, and they break up the traditional culture, they ruined this paradoxical life of theirs. He had been raised as a babysitter to kamehameha the second. He was so persuaded of the values of western life and education that at one point, i guess it was lydias oldest brother her grandmother held the kid back from school. She said, i am told you have the kids watering plants and calling an exercise. That is beneath our dignity. They had a big fight. Papa pulled his kid away from her. She would have been killed on the spot. He asked the prime minister, who has power from the king. The times are changing, and that is just the way it is. After a couple of aborted conquesto of hawaii by the british and french, kamehameha the third decided to send a delegation around the world to win some recognition for hawaiian independence. Here is his foreign minister. Here is jarett rudd, he had several different posts. The foreigners that had emissions in honolulu began calling him the minister of everything. His other nephew, the guy that got with princess abigail, became kamehameha the fifth. They were welcomed into the Imperial Court of france. They were vetted by Queen Victoria and prince albert. They came to america and were thrown off the train for being black. Do we wonder why, in their nine years of peace as king, their foreignpolicy took a decidedly anglo centric turn . They saw through our sham of equality and all this. I look at alexanders diary. I found the page after this conductor tried to throw them off the train. His handwriting changed it became slashes. He was so mad at this fool these americans need to questi