vimarsana.com
Home
Live Updates
Transcripts For CSPAN3 World War I U.S. Railroad Operations
Transcripts For CSPAN3 World War I U.S. Railroad Operations
CSPAN3 World War I U.S. Railroad Operations July 13, 2024
The
United States
operations in world war one. We also have the pleasure of being joined and one of the museums memorial esteemed members theyve. He will speak about his ample experiences with railways and the midwest and his connection to the museum memorial. Without further ado please help me in welcoming, dave everett. applause thank you very much camille. What a pleasure to join you today. We have a great guest and doctor rudy daniels who will join us. Ive been with the
Railroad Industry
for about 23 years now. I initially started with cbs x, and i have quite an experience with the military as well, i went to west point in 88 and i was nine years tactical commander and then joined csx railroad. Was there five years. Then i came to kansas city, 14 years. I was able to make it up to the rank of chief operating officer there. I had a wide variety of experiences, both in the u. S. , midwest and in mexico. A lot of the development there, even down to panama. The pandemic canal railway. That for the last five years they have been working with wyoming railroad, ran about 31 of their railroads. 120 worldwide. In australia, europe and also the
United States
. Great experience running those railroads. Now im out just helping most of the
Railroad Industry
on
Technology Issues
one of the major things that a lot of people railroads have been around for over 150 years. Rudy and i were just talking about the
Union Pacific
driving a cold and spike celebrating 150 years. When you think about how long the railroads have been around and really how the u. S. Has grown up from around the railroads, and how
Much Technology
has come so far. The railroads have not changed very dramatically. We went from the steam mentions to the diesel locomotives, but when you think about it, really, the steel wheel on the steel rail is still the most efficient way to move freight that is out there. I think the rate latest staff with the current freight operations, we can move one ton of freight on one gallon of gasoline of diesel for 500 miles. Think about that. It is pretty impressive. And you think about all the rules that the railroads have played in a lot of the wars, even the civil war. One of the major objectives was to get behind the lines and get to your enemies rail structure and rip up the rail and heat it and bend it around trees in the civil war just to make sure they could not resupply or get resources to the front lines easily. I just look at those things in the
United States
and the
Development Even
every town, west of the mississippi, every major city, primarily used to be a rail hub and it built up around that rail hub. The development of a lot of our history revolves around the railroads. What youre going to hear about today is something you do not usually hear about. It is about the rails in world war one. It had a dramatic impact but you just did not see a lot about it out there. Im really looking forward to doctor samuels talk. Today daniels, sorry. He received his ph. D. In russias soviet studies from the
Pennsylvania State
university and since then taught a college at university in the
United States
and germany. He has written numerous articles on books including trends across the continent, a complete history of the u. S. And canadian railroads. The
Great Railroad
war which can be purchased in the store that we have here. Most recently, doctor daniels was a contributing editor to the
Railway Atlas
of the
United States
. He currently gives his talks on a variety of aspects of railroad history. Please help me in welcoming doctor rudy daniels. ,. Okay. Thank you very much. First of all, it is an honor to be here this afternoon at the
National World
War One Museum
and memorial in kansas city. A great honor to be invited and to do this presentation. And as far as world war i, the railroads and world war one, as a historian i have written several other books on these subjects, but i feel like it is almost a privilege. No, it is a privilege to have written this story, to bring it to light, something that has really not been in the consciousness of the
American Public
and basically to quote the french general and world war one, he said this is a railroad war. Quite simply this, you need the trains to get the young man and some of the women to ports to cross over seas on ships. And then to trains again to get everything to the front. So railroads played not just a critical, but a vital part in the american victory and in the victory overruled war one. We will start off with a few slides here. The first one is almost controversial. You can see the soldiers. This is from the chesapeake
Ohio Historical
society. They said they have soldiers embarking for europe and i think this is stanton virginia because of the bridge. Someone said, no, the soldiers are arriving from europe after the war. Historical society said these were soldiers leaving for the war. Thats because they have overseas hats. I know they were issued during the war because the standard hat they originally took too much room. If anyone has an idea of a source that could help me with that, i would be more than happy to reach out and hear what you have to say. Anyway, this is what happened all over the country and we will see more of these types of scenes. The
American Red Cross
setup volunteers, mostly women, sometimes children, and they were at the station stops and they would bring refreshments. It would be sandwiches and coffee in winter. Watermelon ice cream and so forth in the summer. It will be seasonal and whatnot. The red cross operated almost 700 of these canteens during world war one. Of course, canteens would be operated during world war ii also. This is like the beginnings of it. During world war one, the troops were segregated. Here you have
African American
soldiers and you see the red cross is also serving them with refreshments at various stations stops. This photo was courtesy of the red cross and they did not know where the deepest was. This supposedly is washington d. C. Here you have again volunteer women, red cross women, bringing refreshments to troops on the train. They are in a major metropolitan area. This is really controversial. This is a field kitchen on a flat car. The
Pullman Company
offered to build for the
United States
during world war one, kitchen cars that could serve, they claim, up to 400 soldiers an hour on the train. But the army said no we will not buy the cars, we will just use five cars and baggage cars. It did not work. The men were actually really eating rations, their rations on the train, they could not feed them. A soldiers life in world war one, im sure you have seen through the museum, it was very difficult to say the least. You always hear about how the
United States
did not want to get into the war. But once youve got in to december 19th 1916 into january 1917, the mood of the nation changed. A large part of it was due to the name of a man called george creel who had a campaign in movie theaters particularly to bolster people for the war. As soldiers and draftys and
National Guard
were off to their camps for training, these were the scenes. These are scenes from a small town in nebraska west of omaha. We see several scenes. These were very common in both rural and metropolitan areas. Heres another such scene, this is chicago and northwestern. You see the families, everybody getting together to send the soldiers off. They traveled in coaches. The
Pullman Company
rearranged some luxury sleepers at that time, sleeping cars, into more spartan conditions so there would be more room for the men to have their supplies and bring them with them. Here is yet another scene. You can see how people were anxious. Civilians were putting luggage on the train. In the first months of the war, soldiers could take packed baggage and everything. Some of them even took their pets until this became a problem in the army said no more. You will only take standard issue along with them. Okay. During the
United States
administration, there were 12 types of locomotives that were standardized. The idea was to standardize them for efficiency as well as to be able to move locomotives from one part of the country to another no matter what company. We will see the government is eventually going to lease or rent the railroads from their original owners. The original company that purchased the locomotive could keep its name at the top in small letters. This is the chesapeake in ohio. So they could keep their own name there. A lot of railroads did not like this. They did not want to purchase these locomotives. They were limited to 12 types. They were called heavy and light. A heavier locomotive pulled a heavier load. The lighter once were because the railroad might have trestles or bridges that could not take the heavier weight. The variance of the weight was anywhere from five to 12,000 tons. This is a sheet to show you that all the locomotives that were made had to follow all these government specifications. That is so parts could be easily interchangeable. Beforehand, a
Railroad Company
would order a locomotive to its own specifications for their particular needs. The government said no you cannot do that anymore. There are only three manufacturers. Baldwin,
New Philadelphia
and american locomotive and lima in ohio. What is this . We will look at some of these. This is a
Narrow Gauge Railroad
used in france. These locomotives were built primarily by baldwin. The contracts were issued to other companies when the effects of these locomotives became apparent. One of the big defects was a pipe that connected these two water tanks. These locomotives did not have a tender so they had water tanks. The water would slush about and they would tip over easily. I say it tongue in cheek, its kind of interesting that the locomotive engineers that were recruited because they were short. Because when a locomotive tipped over you had to be able to quickly jump out of the cab. Someone who was five two or five three was able to get out quicker than someone who is six foot two. Usa does not mean unit did states of america, it means
United States
army. These were army vehicles. The coal would be in this bunker at the bag and water would be in the tanks. These were primarily used near the front because they did not want the smoke and fire the steam engines to be seen close to the front. They were 50 horsepower. It would indicate a buildup of something. Everything had to be moved within 20 miles of the front because everything near the trenches was contaminated. The contaminated was the grand was contaminated from gas, poisons from the artillery shells, water had to be brought in. Everything had to be brought in by train. When you got close, just a few miles from the trenches, they would use these gaslight mechanical. s before that they would use the steam locomotives. This is one of the gasoline mechanicals. By the way, as far as hiding any
Troop Movement
on the front from the germans, it was impossible because these things made too much noise. You could hear them ten miles away. So i do not know if it did much good. General pursing use these as a sort of roofs for his victory. These are a smaller version. They could you move one or two cars. Move it to a regulating station, thats where the standard gauge met the narrow gauge. There is a book ive written on the narrow gauge, and how they were operated. This is one of the cars used by officers to right to the front. They also tipped over easily. You pushed them down the track and they went, you could stop them with a break, one speed only and one direction only. That is it. This is a closeup. There were two sizes they used. There was a lever here which is what made it go. That was it. It will go in neutral. This is a typical narrow gauge boxcar that could only be filled up to two thirds or three quarters because it would tip over quite easily as well. They would lay down tracks very quickly and take them off quickly as the front moved around. The germans had the same gauge track and they used each others track whenever possible. These were the wounded men. They were placed on the narrow gauge cars, the flat cars that were set up, so the critically wounded were moved by ambulance to a hospital. These would be taken to a regulating station about 20 miles away to then be put on a standard gauge hospital car. These are from the national archives. Just to show you some of the railway guns. We will look at one in particular in a moment. You see the railway gun. We use these gasoline mechanicals in the mountains where the u. S. Had its own lumber operation. They used narrow gauge to cut down trees which were used for fence posts and bunkers and so forth at the front. This was critical. The french said okay you can use the mountains and start your own lumber effort. But once again all done by the army. This photo shows a lot of things. One question was whether where theyre women at the front . No, because everyone was evacuated as trench warfare begin. All civilians were evacuated from what they called the zone of the armies, about 20 or so miles from the front lines. So everyone was evacuated and only military could be there. These are the nights of columbus. I got this photo from them. All the men, the nights of columbus, the ymca was there, they had to wear military uniforms and were subject to military law. This is a little tram that was smaller than a narrow gauge. They would move artillery shells, food, other supplies in and around the trench area pursing pursing. The knights of columbus built these tents. Here is a soldier being tended to. This is a third railway, a tram albeit, that was used in the war. To hear you can see the deceased who would be placed on these trends to be sent to the regulating station. We will talk about that in a moment. To be sent home. This is from russia. I got this from the
National World
War One Museum
. Its a typical russian train if you will. All locomotives dating from the 1890s khoury. People traveled mostly and what we would call freight cars, if you will. This was a train still under the control of the imperial side the emperors side and so forth. This will give you an idea. This is a five foot gauge railroad in siberia. Here people are exiting. There was a great epidemic of typhus in russia. Some people mention that more people died of typhus in world war one than bullets. I dont know how you can measure that. This is still under the imperial control because of the imperial cigna on the train. People would come to the eastern terminus for medical treatment or as much medical treatment as they could get. They were also fleeing the civil war which was beginning at that time in russia. This is not a railroad photo, but heres the
United States
flag in russia. The
United States
were going to see who is there by invitation. This is a regulating station already. This is where the narrow gates track meet the standard gates track. There is a sailor there. Who is this guy here . Wait. Wait a minute. Naval officers are there. This is where supplies were brought about a months worth of supplies at the regulating station. Thats what it was called. You see some of the supplies, lumber in the back. And they were by telephone called, please send supplies, whatever they needed, ammunition, water, food. Whatever was needed at the trenches, and then they were dispatched for 20 miles on the narrow cage. This was the meeting place. Look heres that guy again. Heres that guy again. He is inspecting the train with the army. Whips. And there is navy here to. Look what you look closely here and it has u. S. And on that car. This is about 450 miles from the coast. We have u. S. And. Maybe it is a good discussion question. Oh, here again usn usn sailors an army. These are units we are going to see. There he is more closely. I think some of you know who this gentleman is. There is the big gun. At a boa 14 inches. This is the guy who will solve the supply problem law to organize the economy to successfully fight world war one. Look who he will call him in, wilson will call him into solve the logistics of supplies. This is the car this is world war ii where hitler had his car taken out of the museum in paris, brought to the same place where the honest as was signed during world war one. I have this here because later on, they will have the car brought to germany and destroyed. This is a replica of the car in which the armistice was signed. Im kind of proud of this. This is the museum of pharmacists and france. I took a chance. I havent used french and 40 years. I wrote to them, i sent them an email. I asked in french if i could please purchase some photos of this car replica to be used in presentations on world war one they gave me six photos saying any american who would write this in french you could have it for free. I one of the reasons for operations in russia was to check legion, the checks soldiers. Around 60,000. This is why the
United States
got involved with russia to help evacuate these czech soldiers, not because president wilson was the one who promised the creation called czechoslovakia because upon the end of the war. This new country would be created. This czech region wed be the fighting force. They brought the french, the french side of the war, to fight alongside the americans. And have their own country because by the time they got their anne cross specific, cross
United States
and then go fight and france. The war ended. The last of these troops by the way, president wilson met and they stood in review. The
American Red Cross
took care of all transportation and took care of all the wounded of these soldiers. These are my maps. This was the principal route used by the american
United States<\/a> operations in world war one. We also have the pleasure of being joined and one of the museums memorial esteemed members theyve. He will speak about his ample experiences with railways and the midwest and his connection to the museum memorial. Without further ado please help me in welcoming, dave everett. applause thank you very much camille. What a pleasure to join you today. We have a great guest and doctor rudy daniels who will join us. Ive been with the
Railroad Industry<\/a> for about 23 years now. I initially started with cbs x, and i have quite an experience with the military as well, i went to west point in 88 and i was nine years tactical commander and then joined csx railroad. Was there five years. Then i came to kansas city, 14 years. I was able to make it up to the rank of chief operating officer there. I had a wide variety of experiences, both in the u. S. , midwest and in mexico. A lot of the development there, even down to panama. The pandemic canal railway. That for the last five years they have been working with wyoming railroad, ran about 31 of their railroads. 120 worldwide. In australia, europe and also the
United States<\/a>. Great experience running those railroads. Now im out just helping most of the
Railroad Industry<\/a> on
Technology Issues<\/a> one of the major things that a lot of people railroads have been around for over 150 years. Rudy and i were just talking about the
Union Pacific<\/a> driving a cold and spike celebrating 150 years. When you think about how long the railroads have been around and really how the u. S. Has grown up from around the railroads, and how
Much Technology<\/a> has come so far. The railroads have not changed very dramatically. We went from the steam mentions to the diesel locomotives, but when you think about it, really, the steel wheel on the steel rail is still the most efficient way to move freight that is out there. I think the rate latest staff with the current freight operations, we can move one ton of freight on one gallon of gasoline of diesel for 500 miles. Think about that. It is pretty impressive. And you think about all the rules that the railroads have played in a lot of the wars, even the civil war. One of the major objectives was to get behind the lines and get to your enemies rail structure and rip up the rail and heat it and bend it around trees in the civil war just to make sure they could not resupply or get resources to the front lines easily. I just look at those things in the
United States<\/a> and the
Development Even<\/a> every town, west of the mississippi, every major city, primarily used to be a rail hub and it built up around that rail hub. The development of a lot of our history revolves around the railroads. What youre going to hear about today is something you do not usually hear about. It is about the rails in world war one. It had a dramatic impact but you just did not see a lot about it out there. Im really looking forward to doctor samuels talk. Today daniels, sorry. He received his ph. D. In russias soviet studies from the
Pennsylvania State<\/a> university and since then taught a college at university in the
United States<\/a> and germany. He has written numerous articles on books including trends across the continent, a complete history of the u. S. And canadian railroads. The
Great Railroad<\/a> war which can be purchased in the store that we have here. Most recently, doctor daniels was a contributing editor to the
Railway Atlas<\/a> of the
United States<\/a>. He currently gives his talks on a variety of aspects of railroad history. Please help me in welcoming doctor rudy daniels. ,. Okay. Thank you very much. First of all, it is an honor to be here this afternoon at the
National World<\/a>
War One Museum<\/a> and memorial in kansas city. A great honor to be invited and to do this presentation. And as far as world war i, the railroads and world war one, as a historian i have written several other books on these subjects, but i feel like it is almost a privilege. No, it is a privilege to have written this story, to bring it to light, something that has really not been in the consciousness of the
American Public<\/a> and basically to quote the french general and world war one, he said this is a railroad war. Quite simply this, you need the trains to get the young man and some of the women to ports to cross over seas on ships. And then to trains again to get everything to the front. So railroads played not just a critical, but a vital part in the american victory and in the victory overruled war one. We will start off with a few slides here. The first one is almost controversial. You can see the soldiers. This is from the chesapeake
Ohio Historical<\/a> society. They said they have soldiers embarking for europe and i think this is stanton virginia because of the bridge. Someone said, no, the soldiers are arriving from europe after the war. Historical society said these were soldiers leaving for the war. Thats because they have overseas hats. I know they were issued during the war because the standard hat they originally took too much room. If anyone has an idea of a source that could help me with that, i would be more than happy to reach out and hear what you have to say. Anyway, this is what happened all over the country and we will see more of these types of scenes. The
American Red Cross<\/a> setup volunteers, mostly women, sometimes children, and they were at the station stops and they would bring refreshments. It would be sandwiches and coffee in winter. Watermelon ice cream and so forth in the summer. It will be seasonal and whatnot. The red cross operated almost 700 of these canteens during world war one. Of course, canteens would be operated during world war ii also. This is like the beginnings of it. During world war one, the troops were segregated. Here you have
African American<\/a> soldiers and you see the red cross is also serving them with refreshments at various stations stops. This photo was courtesy of the red cross and they did not know where the deepest was. This supposedly is washington d. C. Here you have again volunteer women, red cross women, bringing refreshments to troops on the train. They are in a major metropolitan area. This is really controversial. This is a field kitchen on a flat car. The
Pullman Company<\/a> offered to build for the
United States<\/a> during world war one, kitchen cars that could serve, they claim, up to 400 soldiers an hour on the train. But the army said no we will not buy the cars, we will just use five cars and baggage cars. It did not work. The men were actually really eating rations, their rations on the train, they could not feed them. A soldiers life in world war one, im sure you have seen through the museum, it was very difficult to say the least. You always hear about how the
United States<\/a> did not want to get into the war. But once youve got in to december 19th 1916 into january 1917, the mood of the nation changed. A large part of it was due to the name of a man called george creel who had a campaign in movie theaters particularly to bolster people for the war. As soldiers and draftys and
National Guard<\/a> were off to their camps for training, these were the scenes. These are scenes from a small town in nebraska west of omaha. We see several scenes. These were very common in both rural and metropolitan areas. Heres another such scene, this is chicago and northwestern. You see the families, everybody getting together to send the soldiers off. They traveled in coaches. The
Pullman Company<\/a> rearranged some luxury sleepers at that time, sleeping cars, into more spartan conditions so there would be more room for the men to have their supplies and bring them with them. Here is yet another scene. You can see how people were anxious. Civilians were putting luggage on the train. In the first months of the war, soldiers could take packed baggage and everything. Some of them even took their pets until this became a problem in the army said no more. You will only take standard issue along with them. Okay. During the
United States<\/a> administration, there were 12 types of locomotives that were standardized. The idea was to standardize them for efficiency as well as to be able to move locomotives from one part of the country to another no matter what company. We will see the government is eventually going to lease or rent the railroads from their original owners. The original company that purchased the locomotive could keep its name at the top in small letters. This is the chesapeake in ohio. So they could keep their own name there. A lot of railroads did not like this. They did not want to purchase these locomotives. They were limited to 12 types. They were called heavy and light. A heavier locomotive pulled a heavier load. The lighter once were because the railroad might have trestles or bridges that could not take the heavier weight. The variance of the weight was anywhere from five to 12,000 tons. This is a sheet to show you that all the locomotives that were made had to follow all these government specifications. That is so parts could be easily interchangeable. Beforehand, a
Railroad Company<\/a> would order a locomotive to its own specifications for their particular needs. The government said no you cannot do that anymore. There are only three manufacturers. Baldwin,
New Philadelphia<\/a> and american locomotive and lima in ohio. What is this . We will look at some of these. This is a
Narrow Gauge Railroad<\/a> used in france. These locomotives were built primarily by baldwin. The contracts were issued to other companies when the effects of these locomotives became apparent. One of the big defects was a pipe that connected these two water tanks. These locomotives did not have a tender so they had water tanks. The water would slush about and they would tip over easily. I say it tongue in cheek, its kind of interesting that the locomotive engineers that were recruited because they were short. Because when a locomotive tipped over you had to be able to quickly jump out of the cab. Someone who was five two or five three was able to get out quicker than someone who is six foot two. Usa does not mean unit did states of america, it means
United States<\/a> army. These were army vehicles. The coal would be in this bunker at the bag and water would be in the tanks. These were primarily used near the front because they did not want the smoke and fire the steam engines to be seen close to the front. They were 50 horsepower. It would indicate a buildup of something. Everything had to be moved within 20 miles of the front because everything near the trenches was contaminated. The contaminated was the grand was contaminated from gas, poisons from the artillery shells, water had to be brought in. Everything had to be brought in by train. When you got close, just a few miles from the trenches, they would use these gaslight mechanical. s before that they would use the steam locomotives. This is one of the gasoline mechanicals. By the way, as far as hiding any
Troop Movement<\/a> on the front from the germans, it was impossible because these things made too much noise. You could hear them ten miles away. So i do not know if it did much good. General pursing use these as a sort of roofs for his victory. These are a smaller version. They could you move one or two cars. Move it to a regulating station, thats where the standard gauge met the narrow gauge. There is a book ive written on the narrow gauge, and how they were operated. This is one of the cars used by officers to right to the front. They also tipped over easily. You pushed them down the track and they went, you could stop them with a break, one speed only and one direction only. That is it. This is a closeup. There were two sizes they used. There was a lever here which is what made it go. That was it. It will go in neutral. This is a typical narrow gauge boxcar that could only be filled up to two thirds or three quarters because it would tip over quite easily as well. They would lay down tracks very quickly and take them off quickly as the front moved around. The germans had the same gauge track and they used each others track whenever possible. These were the wounded men. They were placed on the narrow gauge cars, the flat cars that were set up, so the critically wounded were moved by ambulance to a hospital. These would be taken to a regulating station about 20 miles away to then be put on a standard gauge hospital car. These are from the national archives. Just to show you some of the railway guns. We will look at one in particular in a moment. You see the railway gun. We use these gasoline mechanicals in the mountains where the u. S. Had its own lumber operation. They used narrow gauge to cut down trees which were used for fence posts and bunkers and so forth at the front. This was critical. The french said okay you can use the mountains and start your own lumber effort. But once again all done by the army. This photo shows a lot of things. One question was whether where theyre women at the front . No, because everyone was evacuated as trench warfare begin. All civilians were evacuated from what they called the zone of the armies, about 20 or so miles from the front lines. So everyone was evacuated and only military could be there. These are the nights of columbus. I got this photo from them. All the men, the nights of columbus, the ymca was there, they had to wear military uniforms and were subject to military law. This is a little tram that was smaller than a narrow gauge. They would move artillery shells, food, other supplies in and around the trench area pursing pursing. The knights of columbus built these tents. Here is a soldier being tended to. This is a third railway, a tram albeit, that was used in the war. To hear you can see the deceased who would be placed on these trends to be sent to the regulating station. We will talk about that in a moment. To be sent home. This is from russia. I got this from the
National World<\/a>
War One Museum<\/a>. Its a typical russian train if you will. All locomotives dating from the 1890s khoury. People traveled mostly and what we would call freight cars, if you will. This was a train still under the control of the imperial side the emperors side and so forth. This will give you an idea. This is a five foot gauge railroad in siberia. Here people are exiting. There was a great epidemic of typhus in russia. Some people mention that more people died of typhus in world war one than bullets. I dont know how you can measure that. This is still under the imperial control because of the imperial cigna on the train. People would come to the eastern terminus for medical treatment or as much medical treatment as they could get. They were also fleeing the civil war which was beginning at that time in russia. This is not a railroad photo, but heres the
United States<\/a> flag in russia. The
United States<\/a> were going to see who is there by invitation. This is a regulating station already. This is where the narrow gates track meet the standard gates track. There is a sailor there. Who is this guy here . Wait. Wait a minute. Naval officers are there. This is where supplies were brought about a months worth of supplies at the regulating station. Thats what it was called. You see some of the supplies, lumber in the back. And they were by telephone called, please send supplies, whatever they needed, ammunition, water, food. Whatever was needed at the trenches, and then they were dispatched for 20 miles on the narrow cage. This was the meeting place. Look heres that guy again. Heres that guy again. He is inspecting the train with the army. Whips. And there is navy here to. Look what you look closely here and it has u. S. And on that car. This is about 450 miles from the coast. We have u. S. And. Maybe it is a good discussion question. Oh, here again usn usn sailors an army. These are units we are going to see. There he is more closely. I think some of you know who this gentleman is. There is the big gun. At a boa 14 inches. This is the guy who will solve the supply problem law to organize the economy to successfully fight world war one. Look who he will call him in, wilson will call him into solve the logistics of supplies. This is the car this is world war ii where hitler had his car taken out of the museum in paris, brought to the same place where the honest as was signed during world war one. I have this here because later on, they will have the car brought to germany and destroyed. This is a replica of the car in which the armistice was signed. Im kind of proud of this. This is the museum of pharmacists and france. I took a chance. I havent used french and 40 years. I wrote to them, i sent them an email. I asked in french if i could please purchase some photos of this car replica to be used in presentations on world war one they gave me six photos saying any american who would write this in french you could have it for free. I one of the reasons for operations in russia was to check legion, the checks soldiers. Around 60,000. This is why the
United States<\/a> got involved with russia to help evacuate these czech soldiers, not because president wilson was the one who promised the creation called czechoslovakia because upon the end of the war. This new country would be created. This czech region wed be the fighting force. They brought the french, the french side of the war, to fight alongside the americans. And have their own country because by the time they got their anne cross specific, cross
United States<\/a> and then go fight and france. The war ended. The last of these troops by the way, president wilson met and they stood in review. The
American Red Cross<\/a> took care of all transportation and took care of all the wounded of these soldiers. These are my maps. This was the principal route used by the american
United States<\/a> army. Later to become known as the transportation corps. They set up port cities. This one was the largest. The ones we shared with the british. We would take these routes. We used other routes, but these are the principal routes that we used. Later, we had to supply our men back to southern france. We completely rebuild this line to these places. We built that line, including putting the block signals, believe it or not. We will get to that. The
United States<\/a> will completely rebuild the
French Railway<\/a> network during world war one. Also as well, we build our own telephone exchanges till we had our own
Telephone Network<\/a> from front to paris and to port cities. This is where we operate a trains inside area. Men worked and operated the trains all the way i that is about 3500 miles. Greater than the distance across the
United States<\/a>. Then we sent the army there, about 6000, international troops, to keep the railway open. This was the supply line to the eastern front. If it is after all turkey as a nation had blocked off you could not use that route. The two ports was just beginning as a port, and archangel here was the main
Southern Supplies<\/a> the
United States<\/a> was in russia at the invitation of the russians. They were invited their. This area here, chinese eastern railway, the
United States<\/a> was built by the
United States<\/a> steel. The
Union Pacific<\/a> had its hand on that. Great northern had a lot of enterprises in eastern siberia. It is very similar to growing wheat in this part of the country in the climate of this eastern area. We had a whole number of enterprises in that area. We were somewhat familiar. The chinese eastern was the original part of the trans siberian railway. The russian japanese war of 1905 the russians built their railed would entirely on their own. Territory so they did not have to go through manchuria. The japanese were constantly trying to colonize syria, during the war, and we state them off from that. We are back to whoa. I guess really, my part of the program is the narrative. That is an organizing and logistics. Was left to the railroads to move the troops and it was due to george of the ohio railroad. I actually had a round robin use of coaches and pullmans to move men from them being drafted or volunteered to army camps for training, and then moved them to primarily in new jersey overseas. And it really worked out in a really neat way. On a 30 day notice to move the men around. He even developed a secrecy code. All the troop trains were called mains and the details would follow encode. That code by the way was used by the various
Railroad Companies<\/a> for years after the war because it was so efficient. Freight was another problem. Freight was bottlenecked like he would not believe. As in a story and this is what got me into world war i. Railroads moved things from point way to point b. Point a to point b. What was the problem moving things from point a to point b. The bottleneck was not so bad, particularly we are talking about the war going to the eastern seaboard to the western europe. It got so bad that every free yard between new york and pittsburgh, and new york and buffalo was congested. Nothing could move. The railroads had volunteered at the beginning of the war, the railroads, 600 executive met in washington d. C. To pledge their entire support to the war effort. But they could not get through these bottlenecks. Troops could move easily because the railroads removing themselves. Then we have to say, what was the problems . One of the problems, a huge one, was that supplies were being moved to depots and warehouses that were not yet built. Supplies were sent to hospitals that were not yet built. Simply, the army kept the supplies and boxcars in free cars. And so forth. This proved another problem. How did all this succumb . By the end of december, 1917, both the railroads and the
United States<\/a> government were talking about having the
United States<\/a> government take over london railroads. Literally lease them from what they call the class ones, major
Railroad Companies<\/a>, trunk lines. That is what happened. The railroads, get the freight car moving, get things moving because the army owned the supplies. What was the problem . Why did this occur . It is because each area of the army competed with the other and ordering supplies. Master ordinance, medical and engineering. They are actually competed and getting the supplies first. On top of that, the manufacturers were paid once the thing was loaded on the train, not received. So manufacturers wanted to load stuff on the train to sent it off as fast as possible where there was a place there or not. Really, it took the army later through the spring of 1918, to coordinate all this ordering. So you did not have to separate the ordering and you did not have this fiasco occur. It was finally bernard who actually built or designed a system from mine to farm to the trenches in france. When the government leaves the railroad and found out something else. That is all the changes that came about. Incredible textbook saying the progressive era ended world war one, but in the
United States<\/a> railroad administration, how about this . Government mandated equal pay for equal work for women and for
African American<\/a>s. They also regulated work processing. They recognized fully the labor union. Progressivism continued within the
United States<\/a> railway administration. Believe it or not, it was only later that the official legislation went through congress for this to occur. In their leases, the war ended before government could lease all the railroads, so there are still railroads without leases functioning in this way. We are solving the problem in the
United States<\/a>. The yanks are coming by train and by boat and then by train again. The french promise that they would take care of all the transportation in france. But the demands for troops grew from just thousands to millions, then 2 million, then 4 million. The
Railroad Network<\/a> could not do it, so it was the
United States<\/a> that sent over observers and then sent over the army to build and rebuild the tracks in france. The initial order stood for this. 980 locomotives,","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"archive.org","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","width":"800","height":"600","url":"\/\/ia601900.us.archive.org\/23\/items\/CSPAN3_20200528_032500_World_War_I_U.S._Railroad_Operations\/CSPAN3_20200528_032500_World_War_I_U.S._Railroad_Operations.thumbs\/CSPAN3_20200528_032500_World_War_I_U.S._Railroad_Operations_000001.jpg"}},"autauthor":{"@type":"Organization"},"author":{"sameAs":"archive.org","name":"archive.org"}}],"coverageEndTime":"20240716T12:35:10+00:00"}