Transcripts For CSPAN3 First Ladies Influence Image - Dolley Madison 20240712

Dolley was both socially adept and politically savvy. Madison is just not a lot of laughs, but she was his best friend and she compensated. It is aaron burr that lets her know that James Madison wishes to meet her. She carved out a space for women where they could wield a great deal of political power. Here, Dolley Madison would sit at the head of the table and direct the conversation. She got these people to the white house and entertained them; got them together; got them talking. This was very important for dolley to make everybody feel welcome, be they enemies or allies. Dolley popularized the style to American Fashion and that was considered her classic look. People noticed it. The octagon was the perfect setting for james and Dolley Madison as they try and resume government as quickly as possible. She sat side by side with madison for almost 20 years during his retirement, helping him compile and arrange his papers. She moved back to washington, d. C. In her elder years and sort of became a grand damme very much behind the scenes in the political field again. As henry clay famously said, everybody loved mrs. Madison. And then, of course, her equally famous response, thats because mrs. Madison loves everybody. Susan Dolley Madison came to her service as first lady with experience in the role. During Thomas Jeffersons two terms, the widower president often called upon Dolley Madison to assist him and his daughter martha with white house entertainment. This sense of the usefulness of parlor diplomacy allowed dolley to hit the ground running when she officially assumed the role in 1809 as her husband James Madison became our nations fourth president. Good evening and welcome to cspans first ladies influence image. Tonight, we will learn about the intriguing Dolley Madison. For the next 90 minutes, we have two guests at our table who know much about her and about the role of first ladies. Let me introduce you to them. Catherine allgor is an author, a biographer of Dolley Madison and a historian. One of her books is called a Perfect Union Dolley Madison and the creation of the american nation. Thanks for being here. Catherine its a pleasure. Susan edith mayo is one of our four historian consultants for this series and she was the creator of the first ladies exhibit at the smithsonian that so many millions of smithsonian visitors have seen throughout the years. Edi mayo, thanks for being here tonight. Nice to see you. Edith thank you. Its a pleasure. Susan well, im going to start with you, catherine. Any 21st century woman who starts to read about Dolley Madison can see some parallels to their own lives in the way she seemed to approach her role in washington. Was she, in fact, ahead of her time, a sort of modern person in the early 1800s or not . Catherine well, thats the paradox. Really, you understand her as an 18th century woman, raised in a certain culture, but when she becomes first lady, she starts adapting the past in a way that paves the way for modernity. And she also creates the first lady role that we have come to know. So every modern first lady, i think everybody all the way up, looks to her. So, in some ways, shes definitely a product of her time, but she opens the door for a lot of women. Susan well, edi mayo, staying with those thoughts, because were trying to show the parallels among them, how they hand off things about the roles to the others. What are some of the things that Dolley Madison contributed to the role . Edith well, i think in our first segment about Martha Washington you saw martha as a person who perfected the aspect of the role which was the social partner to the president and a hostess for the nation. Then, when you get to abigail, she becomes a political partner with her husband and pioneers that role. Dolley is the one who brings the two of them together, so that she becomes both the social partner and the political partner for her husband and i think that sets all kinds of precedents for the future first ladies. And shes kind of still i think held up as a standard by which other people measure themselves today. Susan well spend the first 45 minutes or so, almost half of our program, on those important white house years. It was such an interesting and tempestuous time for this country and we want to make sure you understand the history of it. Later on, well go back in time and well learn about her biography, how this young quaker woman became this internationallyknown first lady and then end up with her legacy. Thats what tonight looks like, and we welcome your participation. Throughout the program, we will have our phone lines open and be taking your calls. You can also send us a tweet and use the hashtag first ladies and weve got the cspan page on facebook, so lots of ways to add your questions or your comments to our discussion tonight. Now, i know there are people, because i started getting emails this week, wanting to know all about Martha Jefferson and theyre wondering, what happened . Weve skipped the third. The third presidency. So we talked about Dolley Madisons role, but what happened to Martha Jefferson . Why was she not in the white house . Edith she was not in the white house because she died very early on. She and jefferson were married for 10 years and then she died in childbirth. And so, he was a widower when he moved into the white house and needed someone to oversee these parties when both sexes were present. It was thought to be unseemly to entertain in mixed company if you did not have a hostess present, so he would very often ask Dolley Madison. Susan but he did not entertain very much. Edith well, he entertained in a very private way. He didnt have large entertainments like adams or washington or the madisons. Susan which the capitol was getting used to. Edith exactly. Susan so was there criticism of him for not being so social . I think that there was criticism not necessarily for him being so social, but not so social, excuse me. But he didnt invite the women as often as he did the men. He preferred to have a lot of male company and conduct actual political conversations. And he also did away with all kinds of rank and protocol which was very criticized at that time, but he wanted everyone to be treated as equal. He thought that was what the new nation was all about. Susan how important was the relationship between the between Thomas Jefferson and the madisons . Catherine well, they were its very important, i mean. James madison and Thomas Jefferson were as very close political allies and friends. And so, its natural, of course, when jefferson gets elected to bring madison on as his secretary of state. I do think i do want to Say Something about jeffersons social program, if you will. Its not an accident. He was not interested in power sharing. He was interested in securing his own political power, so he had dinner parties with men of one party or the other. So he would sit with his group, the republicans as they were called, and he would just, you know, keep au courant and rally the supporters. Then, he would have a dinner party with the opposition, the federalists. And that was just all about keeping an eye on the enemy. And this idea too that edi brought up about the lack of women, which is why, you know, her role in the Jefferson Administration isnt a big story of that time, he had been to france and he had seen women and women at social events and he was absolutely horrified and shocked, especially about their political power because it fell outside the official power. So he cut off all these events. The white house was open only for 4th of july and new years day, and that was partly because he wanted to curtail the power of women. But there was Something Else going on over on the house on f street, and that was Dolley Madison setting up the connections and networks that she would bring to the white house. So during those first years during the Jefferson Administration, the center of social and political life was not the white house or the president s mansion as it was called, it was the house on f street. Susan here are a few bullet points about the country in 1810 as James Madison takes office. The population at that point was 7. 2 million and now 17 states, 36 growth since the census 10 years earlier. And youll remember, last week, it was a 10 year, a 35 growth. Edith booming. Susan bursting at the seams, so thats even though the seams were smaller in those days. Of those, 16 were slaves, 1. 2 million people. And the largest cities continue to be new york city, philadelphia and baltimore and boston. What should we know about the politics, the most important political events of the Madison Administration . What was the time like and how important was dolley in helping to navigate those times for her husband . Catherine right. There were two big stories that i guess i want to say about this era and the first one is disunion. I think youre getting the sense here that the early republic, this is what we call this time period was a time of great anxiety. Nobody was sure that this union was going to hold. In fact, people at the time would refer to United States in the plural. They would say, the United States of america are, which signaled that its not quite holding together. And so, theres a theres a real fear that its going to fall apart. And one of the sources of this disunion might be what they called regionalism, later theyre going to call it sectionalism as they head toward the civil war. So James Madisons primary political goal is unity. And if we keep that in mind as we go on tonight, Dolley Madisons work is going to become understandable. And the second thing i would also sort of like to say that is something that we know the end of the story. So we know that this nation is going to be a strong nation state with a democracy and a twoparty system and a strong president. And that was none of those things that the founders had intended. So now, we look back and we see what that period as a period of growing pains and we see that Dolley Madison, well, obviously not knowing how this is going to end, was the perfect person to help the nation ease into what its going to be. Susan here she was with the father of the constitution serving then as the chief executive of the nation. So he brought a real concept of how he wanted this role to be carried out. How did he approach it and how did she help him . Catherine well, you said concept and i think thats perfect because he was the idea guy and he was very theoretical and he and other members of the founding generation understood as a concept unity that it was their number one job. But how do you do it . How do you bring forth unity . And what Dolley Madison did, along with other women of the time, is take these abstract concepts and translate them into action. So shes enacting unity on this national stage. Susan how . Catherine well, the first thing i think that somebody alluded to in the beginning, she brought people together. So she launches her drawing rooms. Every wednesday night, every wednesday night, it doesnt matter if your Vice President has died; there will be a drawing room. And she put people in the room together. And that sounds nice. But this is about more than just nice. For the early republic, its a time of survival. So this feeling of disunity or disunion is exacerbated in washington because all of these regionalisms come together with the most, im going to say, the most Fractious Congress that weve ever had. These are people who didnt just disagree with each other, but they dueled and fought each other not just in the streets but on the floors of congress. And so, thats why bringing people together and having them see each other as humans is not just, you know, lovely, but actually, crucial. Susan this drawing room concept is exactly the kind of thing that Martha Washington and Abigail Adams had used. Edith yes. But its very different from what they had done. Theirs was extremely formal and dolleys was much more open. And so, you had everybody at dolleys drawing rooms able to have access to the chief executive and his lady, and thats very important for forging a unity in the United States. Also, dolley creates, she starts out as the wife of the secretary of state. But what she is doing is forging networks, social networks, on which politics and diplomacy can be conducted in a civilized manner through the ceremonial forms of dinners, receptions, parties and so forth. So that some of these tensions and animosities that play themselves out in the hall of congress have a way of being resolved at parties in an amicable way. So she is really forging new networks that will work for both politics and society. Susan and this concept you write about in several of your books and the subtitle of this is, and the creation of the american nation. And you write about the fact that the women of this class, this they understood as their power to be able to use social skills to build the nation. Catherine well, the founders understood that this American Revolution that they had was more than just a political revolution. They were going to and this is a phrase they love build the worldanew. And that meant everything was under consideration. This was going to be the new world and they were going to scorn everything of the old world absolute kings and monarchy and courts. And so, they turned to the women and this is actually a political theory called the scottish enlightenment, in case somebody wants to wikipedia that, which says that, in a culture, laws can come and go, but what they call manners stay. And manners are not just teacups, but the way people treat each other and how they regard each other and how they behave. And this is very appealing to these new americans for one thing, they are inventing a whole bunch of laws and not sure people are going to buy, and they really need people to behave. So the phrase they use is republican virtue. Thats republican with a small r. And that meant that people would put their interest of their country before, you know, themselves. Well, how do you get people to do that . And they look to the women of this class to start enforcing what they call the national manners. So this is a very important part. And these women, these elite white women of the cities were very conscious of that. Susan if youd like to participate by phone, here are the phone lines. Weve divided them regionally. So if you live in the eastern or central time zones, our number here is 2025853880. Please dial carefully so you dont get someone else altogether. Mountain and pacific, 2025853881. And well take calls in another 10 minutes or so, so you can get in queue right now. This is a facebook question and either of you could take it, but ill turn to you as a longtime curator of first ladies. Suki wheeler on facebook says, the early first ladies were excellent correspondents writing hundreds of notes and letters in their lifetimes. In what condition are these early letters . Abigail adams, we saw last week thousands of letters over the course of her lifetime. What about Dolley Madison . What did she preserve and did she have a sense of her legacy . Edith i think she probably did have a sense of her legacy, and she is writing to, i believe, her sister as the british are coming to burn the white house. And she is telling her sister what shes doing and what shes saving so that, you know, there will be something to put in the history book. She wants it known that she is saving the state documents, the important pieces of silver, the portrait of George Washington for which she is so famous. But she is writing literally as everything is being packed to be carted off to virginia to safety. So she is very aware of what she is doing, and she writes a number of letters to her family members. Catherine susan, i want to weigh in, because this questioner knows that, as historians, this is the heart of what we do. These are the primary sources. And for a long while, to find dolleys actual letters and what she wrote, it was really hard to do. But in the 1990s and early 2000s, Holly Shulman and David Mattern at the papers of James Madison at the university of virginia began collecting her papers and they published them in a lovely book called, the selected letters of Dolley Madison. But Holly Shulman is now the web master of the Dolley Madison digital edition, which anybody can find in their library, and it has every letter to and from dolley. So these are the papers that are really crucial. And we also have this great account from her niece, mary cutts, and she writes about her aunt. And a lot of those stories which which must have come from dolley herself, right . So that tells us that, late in her life, shes getting a sense of her legacy. So she, of course, cannot obtrude upon the Public Notice as a man would, but we think that she kind of coopted her niece and gave her these memoirs , which weve now just published for the first time so people can read those. Susan we have our first bit of video to show you. Well, throughout the night, wed be visiting places that were important to Dolley Madison, and this is the white house. When you go on tour, you visit a room called the red room. It was an important part of dolleys parlor diplomacy. Lets watch. The portrait of Dolley Madison hangs in the red room. She sits in a red chair and red fabrics have always sort of complemented the fabric in her chair, so shes clearly an inspiration for that room. The red room was, in fact, yellow under Dolley Madison. It was her yellow parlor and the red color was introduced more in the 1820s and 30s. The furniture of the period that is in that room now is american empire style furniture would have been that style in her lifetime. I think also the fact that two of the most interesting art objects in the room are the bust of martin van buren, the white marble bust by hiram powers and the portrait of his daughterinlaw angelica that has the white marble bust painted into the background and the fact that Dolley Madisons connected to that story years and years later. When president van buren was inaugurated in 1837, president madison had died the year before and she had moved back to washington. And she was the most important woman in washington. And president van buren was a widower. Dolley madison basically introduced angelica to her husbandtobe, which was the president s eldest son. And so, she became the de facto hostess of the white house. And so, entered the chain of first ladies, even if shes not strictly a wife, but largely as a result of Dolley Madison doing a little matchmaking. Susan what condition was the white house when the madisons moved in . And washington, d. C. As a new capital city . Edith well washington, d. C. Was a very muddy place and abigail had written home that it was the very dirtiest hole of a place that shed ever been in her life. You know, the roads were rutted, the houses were separated far apart. So its not like we think of it today at all. Its very rudimentary. And so, i think part of what she is doing is building a social Network Among the women, so that a lot of this is overlooked or, you know, politics and diplomacy and fashion can carry people over the fact that were not living in some fantastic capital of the world. A question on twitter from anne onstriker, who asked, did dolley know Abigail Adams and or Martha Washington and did they get along . Catherine yes. Actually, Dolley Madison knew Martha Washington because she was there for when Martha Washington was the first lady. In fact, her niece , this is one of those stories, her niece said that when James Madison was courting dolley, Martha Washington sort of cornered her and said, is it true what they say about you and James Madison . And she blushed and stammered. And Martha Washington apparently said, we think its wonderful. The general and i think its wonderful, even that he is much older than you. Whats interesting about Abigail Adams is weve one letter, i think about 1816, so quite far into abigails life. And she writes asking for a favor of Dolley Madison. And says, even though we have never had the pleasure of an acquaintance, so we know they probably didnt meet. But whats so interesting is that abigails asking Dolley Madison for patronage, that is to give a job to a relative. And sometimes you ask why we study womens history, why we study first ladies and the big answer for me is that we learn things you just wouldnt know otherwise. And if you look at Dolley Madison, you understand theres a huge patronage network. Men will not touch patronage. Its too royal, its too courtly, its too corrupt. But their wives and daughters are playing patronage the whole time. And so, we have this one moment where we have a former first lady and former president s wife asking another for patronage. Edith lots of interceding on other peoples behalf. That was part of what was thought of as a first ladys role at that period. Susan we saw henry clay in the opening video. In addition to henry clay, who were some of her biggest congressional allies in the period . Catherine well, henry clay is obviously the sort of famous one. And the reason we kind of know about him, again, it kind of gives you a glimpse behind the curtain and how politics worked. Leading up to the war of 1812, James Madison really wasnt sure he wanted to go to war. And, in fact, he was so secretive about it, scholars disagree. Some think he was dying to go to war, some people not. But he surely had to kind of walk a kind of fine line. And if he decided he did want to go to war; he needed to have allies. He couldnt ally himself with henry clay and the war hawks, but he had dolley do it. And so, we have several famous stories about dolley and henry clay and sharing a snuff box together and everybody talks about the snuff box. And we have to, again, look at these things not as celebrity mentions or just descriptions but as a form of political analysis. When the people at the time were looking at that they werent just saying, look at Dolley Madison with henry clay, theyre trying to read the energy and read the wind. So she courted people on both sides of the aisle, that was kind of the good thing about her. But when she singled somebody out for special attention, people knew there was something up in the air. Our website, cspan. Org firstladies, is a very robust site with lots of video about each of these women. And each week therell be a special feature that you can see only in the web. If you go there tonight youll see Dolley Madisons snuff box. How important was snuff to her . Catherine she was addicted, im afraid. [laughter] susan yes. Part of that the image too that she, well talk about. This is another one of those modern concepts to earlier age. Beverly sturts asks, it seems like the women patriots knew how to use their own power for the sake of our young country. Were they real feminists . She asks, or wives wishing to please their husbands . Edith perhaps a little of each. I think these women were very aware of their place in history. And particularly, if you are a first lady, even early on you know that you are centrally positioned to influence aspects of politics. So i think that they probably would never have used that term, feminism or feminist. But i think they knew exactly what they were doing and they enjoyed wielding the power that was given to them. Susan first question by phone comes from scotty in dickson, tennessee. Hi, scotty. Are you there . Scotty im here calling into your show for the first time. Susan great. Welcome. Scotty thank you. What i wanted to know then when Thomas Jefferson was president. Elizabeth, i mean, excuse me, Dolley Madison when she was helping him as a hostess, does she know anything with the affair that he had with about Sally Hemings . Catherine so with the Sally Hemings question, yes. And again, i would say that the big story for her is not really helping Thomas Jefferson as a hostess, though she did step in. You know, we dont know anything much about Dolley Madison. There is a story in the heming family and i read about it in Elizabeth Dowling taylors book about Paul Jennings, who is James Madisons body servant and the first person to write a white house memoir. He was a slave. And there was a story in the family that Dolley Madison asked Sally Hemings to name one of her sons after James Madison. And that she would give sally a gift. And in this rendition of the story, she doesnt give the gift. A related question from michael on twitter was that, what was Dolley Madisons opinion of Thomas Jefferson . And did the madisons, as far as we know, ever visit Monticello Edith i think visited back and forth. They were good friends and had known each other for many, many years. Maybe you have more information on that. Susan what is the distance between montpelier and monticello . Edith they were good friends. Catherine gosh, im trying to do it in the car. Its a little ways. And, in fact, when well talk about the retirement years, of the few times James Madison leaves his beloved montpelier is to visit Thomas Jefferson. I would say that we dont know maybe Dolley Madisons true opinion of a lot of people because she was often very cautious. But i think whats significant is that Thomas Jefferson seemed to love her, even though she is conducting the Social Circle under his nose. And he is a great hater. Nobody hated like Thomas Jefferson. So the fact that he seemed to really adore dolley, i think speaks volumes about her. Edith and chose her as the hostess when he needed one in the white house. Catherine yes. Susan Catherine is up next in houston. Catherine hi. Thank you for taking my call. My question is i know that Dolley Madison was raised a quaker and married her first husband who was a quaker. And was a member of the friends church. And then she left it and married James Madison. And ive read stories about how her father freed his slaves in testimony to the abolition of slavery. And i was just wondering how did, how do you think her quaker upbringing influenced her as a first lady . Susan ok. Briefly please, because well spend more time on this later. Catherine yes. Well, ill cut to the sort of the chase because the quaker parts irresistible. We just dont know enough about her childhood. But my sort of theory on this is that one of the central tenets of quakerism is to regard people as inner lights, as god, which is why quakers dont use titles. And dolley goes on to become famous for being incredibly empathic and sympathetic and warm. And people said, when you talk to her it was like she was, you were the only person in the and i think that fact that she was able to take on this role and do so well was because quakers believe men and women were equal. And so, you dont get any sense with her of being lesser than. She fits right in and does her thing. So i think that comes from her quaker background as well. Susan the First White House allocated a salary of 25,000 for the president. Was it still about that much by the time the madisons got to the white house . 00 28 36 edith mayo that i dont know. Do you know . I do not know, no. 00 28 39 susan swain well, lets presume that it was a 00 28 41 Catherine Allgor yes. 00 28 41 susan swain awhich when this was the time when that was part of the deal of going into public service. That is why rich white men are supposed to take on the burden of public service. A lot of it comes out of the pockets. The medicines were not the first residential couples to leave much poorer than when they came in. What they did do is give her quite a hefty amount to redo the executive mansion. She did that very well. She spend that money very well. The previous occupants have brought their own furniture in many instances. When they left the presidency, they took it home with them. Jefferson was one of those who did that. Newington, when he was in york. This was a thing that dolly wanted to do because she felt that it needed to have a for the elegant look nation. They took the decorating very seriously. They wanted to make it look as if it could be on somewhat equal terms with the powers so that they could conduct diplomatic negotiations in a proper setting. Like there iso me this constant push and pull. Absolutely. All of those things. Where is the sweet spot. That is why we look at women as well. It gets resolved with women. You have a resolution. You fight against everything it stands for. How are you going to express legitimacy . The only vocabulary of power they have is loyalty. They have the strange moments where all, john adams is arguing for titles for the presidency. The women of these families took it on. James madison is a president. This veryve to trot thin line. That is one of the messages she is sending out. Not only do we look at the women of that time but the beginning of that is predicated on royalty. It was single mitchell. Of them called her queen of hearts. Who called her queen dolly . A lot of people. Affectionately. The queen. She looked every inch a queen. Sometimes they say she looked like a bride and a queen. Her elegance of dress, she bought a lot of her material in paris. She is very elegantly dressed. She looks to americanize as a queen. That is fine because she is not the head of state. Lines walking a very fine where she expresses the finer things to which the nation aspires but she is not royalty. Is always walking this very fine line. You provided a wonderful segue to our next video. This is the restored home of the medicines, they are open for tours. Display of Dolly Madisons dresses. Most of the dresses we have the Visitor Center at montpelier is a description of the way that dolly dressed. We have a recreation of something that we still have. This is typical of the style of the day. It wass a simple drape, much more simple and elegant than the fashion either before or after it. This is the sort of style that dolly would have worn while she was first lady. The regency style. Many of the dresses were more elegant. This represents what she wore as her inaugural. This is James Madisons first inaugural. She wore what was described as a simple velvet. She wore pearls. That was something more classically elegant but less ostentatious than the nab then the diamonds you would normally find. Dolly was setting a style that was unique to American Fashion. Dollyof people think that set the fashion of the turbine. That is not true. Through france and england. That was her classic look. To where some sort of extravagant turbine. People noticed it. Thatimes they thought perfection was a little too regal. There was one instance where she were something that was lined. She were some edging in her turbine. People said that this was overstepping things. She looked too regal, too queenly. They were afraid that queen dolly was setting the wrong tone for republican america. Toward the end of her life, dolly still wore any of the fashions that she wore in her earlier day. Some of this may have been to american founding. She was the last living matriarch of this generation. Of this. T was because she did not have money for the latest fashions. She had to repurpose her old clothes. Several types. She is often wearing the same thing. One other thing we should mention is that for her time she was quite tall. She was. 57. K she was that was very tall for a women. 4 inches taller than her husband. I am thinking of dolly in a medicine, itays just does not work for me. It became a letter sized. A lot of the criticism toward the medicines focused on James Madison who was so tiny and pick like. Someone called him and anchovy. Thomas jefferson, washington described it as a hunk. This is why we have the press secretary coming out that and saying that he is 54. He is not. Why the press secretary is coming out to say this, i dont know but it is because size matters. Dollys height and her good health led to all sorts of rumors about her sexuality. That she was not overly sexual. O hot. S to that she was overly sexual, that she was too, in their phrase, hot. And so, the reason that the madisons never had children was because she was literally burning up his essence. So when you read the newspapers at the time, you realize that things were quite serious for these people. Edith and very scurrilously, she was also, during the campaign, accused of having an affair with jefferson, because she had been his hostess on various occasions. And so, you know, they extrapolated into a personal affair. Susan were they able to put that to rest . Edith i think they were able to put it to rest. He would not have been reelected if people had actually thought that that scurrilous accusation was the truth. Susan so a question about Dolley Madisons approach to this image, the way that she dressed. Was this a conscious decision to stand apart catherine yes. Susan as opposed to personal taste or vanity . I mean, she was creating a brand in other words, as we would say. Catherine yes. And again, we have to look at the context here, right . So this is a new nation. We all know its very fragile. And theres not a lot of bureaucracy or structure. And that was deliberate. We dont want that court, remember . So not a lot of structure. So the people at the time focused on personalities and on the figure of the person. So we have all these descriptions of George Washington, and all hes doing is removing his glasses and reading something, but they talk about his serene majestic this and grandeur and all this kind of stuff. And it always seems like George Washington is posing for statues. In the early republic, its going to become dolley. Though, interestingly, descriptions of her are about her on the move. And so, we have, again, have to understand this is not just a fashion report, right, or fashion police, but rather a form of political analysis. And she is deliberately creating this. So shes not wearing what an actual queen would wear or what real court dresses. She was wearing an adaptation. What she imagines americans would imagine as queen. And she put those plumes on her turbans to make herself even taller. Susan so how did rank and File Americans react to this . I mean, the newspapers would carry reports of edith yes. And descriptions of what she was wearing and how elegant it was. And what she susan but were they proud or aghast edith i think they were mostly proud. The federalists were a little put off by this, thought it was too regal, a little too queenly, a little too courtlike. But there was a lot of discussion about creating a republican court, with a small r. And that is, you know, a group of people who headed up government, but with the idea of having it a republic instead of a monarchy. And so, thats part of what she was doing. And one of the things that i think is ingenious about dolley is that she takes european influences and she filters them through a democratic lens. So they give you something to aspire to as a new nation. And how elegant and wonderful it can be, but you dont offend people who dislike the courts and the royalty of europe. Susan i told you i wanted to get this in, but she also had a parrot . Catherine polly, yes. Shes a macaw. I guess, theres a difference. I dont want you to get a lot of angry emails from parrotlovers. It was a macaw. It was in the white house. Apparently, polly was a terror and would attack people. But she plays her own part in this sort of last poignant moment when everybodys fled the white house. Theres a white french servant named jean sioussat, and he takes the macaw over to the Octagon House, where i think its the french ambassador maybe is staying. And she lives long enough to make it to montpelier, where somebody forgets to take her in at night, and shes the victim of a night hawk. Susan oh, dear. Catherine it came to an upset end, polly did. Susan maybe some people in washington secretly cheered because she had been a terror. [laughter] you also have provided a wonderful transition, because its time to talk about the important decision by madison to go to war with Great Britain. And the eventual siege of the capital city, which happened in 1814. So theres quite a dramatic story about Dolley Madison being in the white house alone and the approaching british troops. Well, would start with you about telling us that story and, edi, would you fill it in . Edith ok. Catherine yes. And the and the background of all of this is that the war of 1812 has been going on for a couple of years. And thereve been various rumors going around the city that the capital was the target. Washington city from the beginning has sort of an inferiority complex. And so, the men in charge would say, no, theyre never coming to washington. Baltimore is the place. It is of so much more consequence. And so, when the british do march on Washington City, Washington City is not prepared. James madison is in the field overseeing the troops, and shes alone in the white house. And she begins the letter that edi referred to on the sort of the day before what was going to be the last day of the white house, august 24, 1814. I hope i have that date right. And shes waiting for her husband to come home while preparing for the worst. So shes writing this letter to her sister, shes running up to the roof with a telescope looking for her husband, shes observing how badly the battles are going, and shes also packing things. So shes packing silver, shes packing what she considers the peoples possessions, and shes sending them away in carts. And finally, the word comes, its time to go. Edith and the british indeed are coming. Susan how endangered was she . Edith well, i think if she waited any longer, she might have been captured, and that would have been a huge prize of war. So she knew that she had to leave. She wanted to wait for her husband to come home, but that did not take place. She had to leave before he got back. And then, they reunited a couple of days later in virginia. But apparently, she had the table set for dinner. And, you know, the british came in and thought that was wonderful. But she did save the portrait of washington, which was one of the things that endeared her to the entire nation. Susan the Gilbert Stuart edith the Gilbert Stuart portrait. And so, she knew exactly what she was doing. And as i said before, i think writing about it, she knew what her place in history was going to be. Susan Catherine Allgor, are you right about the fact that even this was symbolic, because it was a copy of a painting, but she understood that the british couldnt be seen burning edith exactly. Catherine yes. And, in fact, when you talk about youre trying to as a historian, trying to find, well, was she really as symbolic as we say . Sometimes its very instructive to look at their enemies. So admiral cockburn framed all of his threats toward washington as mrs. Madison. He was going to come and dine at mrs. Madisons table. He was going to make his bow at her drawing room. He was going to parade her through the streets. Hes not attacking James Madison in rhetoric, hes attacking her. So we know she really was a kind of public figure. And, in fact, when he got to the white house and she wasnt there, he took things of hers, including the cushion, because he said he wished to warmly recall mrs. Madisons seat. So and the dinner party is interesting, too, because it seems odd to be having a dinner party when washington is in exodus. But shes really doing what shed always done. She was trying to hold the capital together even as it was falling apart. So she had fully intended to have a dinner party that day. Susan and heres some of the text of the letter she penned to her sister just as she was fleeing the white house. She wrote this, and now, dear sister, i must leave this house, or the retrieving party will make me a prisoner in it by filling up the road i am directed to take. When i shall again write to you or where i shall be tomorrow, i cannot tell. Edith and, of course, after the british had burned washington, there was a great deal of conversation, even in congress, about should the capital remain in washington which was, you know, now destroyed, or should they move the capital back to philadelphia. And so, james and dolley leased the Octagon House, which was only a few blocks away, and immediately began to entertain in a grand style. And this really sent a signal to the diplomats in washington, to the congress, to the people, that they were not going to turn tail and run. They were going to stay in the capital. Susan well, next, we will visit the Octagon House by video. [video clip] this building is very important for Dolley Madisons political career as a first lady. The octagon is two blocks from the white house. Its a natural fit for james and Dolley Madison as they try and resume government as quickly as possible. This majestic, elegant, spacious house was the perfect setting for the different events that dolley needed to orchestrate and manage in the life of the president. This is the entry foyer. This is why the house is known as the octagon. Its a round room, which was very popular in those days. But for dolley, this was an important room to welcome guests in. As you can see, its a round room. And when youre in this room, no matter where you stand, you are an equal. And this was very important for dolley, to make everybody feel welcome, be they enemies or allies. This room is a good example of why this house was so good for dolley. She was known for her wednesday drawing room events, where they became known as squeezes, because you had 200 to 300 people before the war coming and during the war up to 500 people were coming. This room, of course, could only fit about 50 to 100 people, but it still served that very important purpose for dolley. The country was still at war when the madisons were here, and dolley was playing a very important role. She often had dignitaries and different people here. Important members of congress would be seated at this table. Of course, many discussions and decisions took place in this room while dolley was the hostess in this home. During war time, it was very important to maintain a sense of decorum for the president and the first lady and that business was going to go on. And the United States was going to survive and continue. Susan and we have a question by facebook about whether or not its true that she would practice democracy with a small d, really liking to mix people of various social classes when she had these events. Was that her style . Edith that was part of what endeared her to people was that she did have access to just about anyone who was welldressed or properlydressed, i think was the term. In other words, you dont have to be elegant, and you dont have to be rich. But if youre properlydressed, you can come and have access to the first family. Catherine but there is a lot of discussion about boots. Edith yes, there is. Catherine so Dolley Madison gets criticized on both ends of the spectrum i think something a lot of first ladies would appreciate. So, for some people, shes way too queenly, shes too regal, shes too much. But for other people, they look at this kind of a democratic, if you will, reaching out, and they are very suspicious of it. And they express their reservations around this issue of boots. So a gentleman would never come onto a carpet with boots on, he would come with shoes. But, of course edith but remember that washington was a very muddy place at the time. Catherine but she welcomed, of course, congressmen from very rural areas who dont have shoes, they had boots. And so, they sort of pointed that out as a sign of her dangerous democratical tendencies. Susan this is a very specific question of local history. Steve rostein on facebook wants to know, is it true she escaped washington, d. C. During the war of 1812 through what is now mclean, virginia on what is now Dolley Madison boulevard . Edith i dont know. Catherine she goes first to bellevue. She goes to this the home of the secretary of war jones. But he goes to bellevue, which is now dumbarton house, which you can go and visit. And then, right from there, they do go across in that route that we figure. And she spends the time at rokeby, matilda lee loves plantation. And then, she does end up at a house which is Still Standing now, called salona. So she does wonder through the virginia countryside, and i think that the road probably reflects that. Susan and so was she safe when she crossed the river . Catherine yes, she was. But if you actually you cant go to rokeby, so dont do it, because its a private house but i was lucky enough to go there. And you realize when shes standing on the hill that she could see washington burn. Susan barbara is up next in new york city, independent. Or it doesnt matter what party you are. Go ahead. Caller could either of your guests speak to a story that i read about Dolley Madison. That she stopped at a store in baltimore that was owned by a black woman named aunt sally shad, and that it was there that she first tasted ice cream and she loved it and she after that, she served it very frequently at her social gatherings . Do any either of your guests know anything about that . Susan thanks so much. Im glad you asked the ice cream question, barbara. Because ice cream and Dolley Madison became synonymous not only in her age, but later on in 20th century america. Edith but i dont know the accuracy of that particular story at all. I think jefferson was the one who was credited with actually bringing ice cream back from france. And dolley certainly served it in the white house, but where she found it, i dont know. Catherine but i have to say that this story it sounds frivolous, the ice cream question, but it it actually has a kind of serious import the story is probably not true because ice cream does exist, you know i think the washingtons served it as a matter of fact. But this association, people would tell me, Dolley Madison invented ice cream. Well, she didnt, but what happened is almost immediately while she was living and after her death she becomes closely associated as a symbol of american womanhood. And her name and her image get coopted by everything to do with ice cream, hairpins, even theres a sexy dolley brand of cigars. And so, she becomes you used the phrase a brand she becomes a brand so quickly that this association and Dolley Madison ice cream becomes one of those things that people think that she invented it. But it really goes to how important she was and how large she loomed in the american imagination. Edith and how people wanted to attach whatever their product was catherine to her. Edith to her name and that that would recommend it. And she sort of foreshadows what Frances Cleveland does in the late 19th century, where frances face and name are plastered on all kinds of products for sale. Susan and today how do white houses approach that . Edith well, i think they try to skirt it as much as possible. Susan they restrict the use of the image for commercial purposes. Louie in washington, d. C. Hi. Welcome. Caller well, thank you, susan. Fascinating program. Ive enjoyed being on with you before myself, susan. But, no question, she was extraordinarily courageous. And youve touched on part of my question. But weve heard, you know, here she is, shes not just worried about getting out herself, but do we know did she walk, did she ride when she took those valuables including the stuart painting . You know, one of the drawings shows her walking, but how did she personally get away . And where would she have crossed the potomac to get over into virginia . Do we know that . Edith i think catherine probably should take that one. Catherine that was why do i get the geography questions . But well, i will say this. That she sensed that all of the cabinet papers including, by the way, James Madisons notes on the Constitutional Convention she takes them and she send them away in these carts, sort of previous to that. At the last minute, she decides on this painting. And as you said, susan, theres some evidence that its it might even be a copy, but it didnt matter. She understood the psychological import. So she got her servant and her slave, Paul Jennings. To wrestle it off the wall and break it out of the frame. And she gave it to two gentlemen from new york who put it in a cart and took it away. So all of this is getting scattered to the four winds, hoping something will survive. And then she herself is taken away by carriage. And she does cross. Im sorry i dont know where. Susan john is in bronx, new york. Hi, john. Caller hi. Thank you for taking my call. I understand that Dolley Madison died in poverty. And i was just wondering if that is true . And if so, how that happened . And then, secondly, i know that eliza hamilton lived just around the corner from Dolley Madison in their old age, and i was just curious to whatever interaction in their old age, given they have so much to probably talk about . Thank you very much. Susan how far into American History was it before president s had pensions . Edith a while. Certainly not the susan i think it might have been the trumans . Edith founding generations at all. Well, what they had was what they lived on when they retired, and the supposition was that if you were wealthy enough to get into politics in the first place, youd be able to support yourself afterwards. But dolley had a neerdowell son, whose name was payne todd, from her first marriage and he ran through their estate. He ran up enormous debts. He ended up in debtors prison twice, and each time james and dolley would bail him out. And then, after madison died, dolley unwisely put him in charge of montpelier. There was a disaster. Losing montpelier and living in poverty. Will she not a good judge of her sons character . Another great political gifts she brought to this very contentious time in american politics is the refusal to contend. It is not great when you have a son who being spoiled and needs to be taught. It was just a bad life spot. Well goes great in politics is not going to work well with him. They did know each other. They laid the cornerstone for the washington decided, the sponsors to bring the relic of the republic. And invited Dolly Madison eliza hamilton. These people at the time these women were representative of the time. We have about 35 minutes left. It is time to answer the her roots. Out we visited the house where she grew up as a quaker. It is here that she becomes lover and a widow. This room was the kitchen. You would probably find that dolley when she married john todd, she would have them here. They do not believe in slavery. This room was a multiuse room. That only todd, she would did the family dine here but they also use it for educational purposes. The quakers believed that both men and women should be educated. As you can see on the table, there are books here. In august of 1793, a french ship arrived in philadelphia and it was carrying passengers suffering from yellow fever. John todd, as a successful lawyer did just that. Babies dolly and his two away and he would die of yellow 4, 1793. October not only has she lost her husband, her protector, such a speak but she has the Quaker Community watching her. Sixmonth, she has the quakers are watching her very closely. Her one of her friends once this property is partly his property two. Too. Do with theo scrutiny of the crazy community. That was the situation in those days for women. sso, even though dolley husband had made her executive of the will, her brotherinlaw lawyershe has to hire a to protect her interests with her own brotherinlaw. The men that was interested in meeting her was James Madison. James madison was a congressman in the capital city. Philadelphia was the temporary capital of the new states at the time. It was an exciting place to be. Friendly withwas ehrenberg. It is aaron bro that lets her know that James Madison wishes to meet her. Dolleyadison would meet and the Quaker Community expected at least a year of morning before you would get married again. It really raised eyebrows in the Quaker Community. She was very scrutinized by the quakers that. The fact that he is not a quaker takenthat she would be out of the community as well. That gave a very broad overview of Dolley Madison. Where was she born . That is a bit of a family scandal. She want to be virginia born and bred. Her mothers folks are from virginia and probably her fathers as well. John converts to quakerism and they go off and live in North Carolina in a Quaker Community. As far as we know dolley was born there so she is North Carolinas only first lady. What is sad about that she spends most of her life denying it. We think it has to do with her fathers shady Business Practices and they move back to virginia. So shes raised in the world of slave holding. Her father released his slaves as a quaker. Is that the cause of his inability to continue his business . I think he had other problems besides that. He couldnt farm so they moved to that chilly Northern City of philadelphia. Im not sure if you know so much about her thoughts of slavery. How is it that she reconciled herself to actually having slaves in the white house . I think thats a good question. Im not sure i know the answer to that. But she did not free any of her slaves as her father had. And she didnt speak out against slavery so the quaker background there did not effect her slave holding. This is why historians have a hard job. Its a real dichotomy. Her father frees slaves and go to philadelphia. For ten years things are terrible for the pains in philadelphia. Children die. Her mother has to open up a boarding house. Shes pushed into marrying john todd. She has two children, one of them dies. Then shes this beautiful 25yearold widow. And you could argue she could have had her pick of any man but she picks James Madison. Turns out to be a great pick. But why does she do that . Its one of those moments she said i could go back to the world i lived in but we dont have anything from her at the. What we do know is by the time shes a woman in middle age and old she has exactly the same kind of attitude toward enslaved americans that southerners had which is the inability to understand them as humans. When James Madison dies and doesnt free slaves, everyone begins to blame dolley. Part of that is fine because she starts selling slaves as soon as she can. What about her quaker roots affected the kind of woman she became if this aspect did not i think were back to the empathy thing. The peacemaking. The idea you dont make war. Do we know if she counseled her husband against going to war since quakers dont believe in fighting wars. We dont know. If you read her letters shes as partisan as anybody. She has the white house defensiveness. I think she probably supported him 100 in what he decided to do but her own nature was always to conciliate. How did dolley feel about womens education . What we know about her was she was a very well educated woman for her day, any class. Were not sure how she got there because she was a southerner and southerners did not educate their girls. We know from her handwriting that she was very well educated. She never had a daughter so we dont know what she would have done but im sure she would have given her daughter a good education. The quakers believed in educating women as well as men so she benefited from that. She takes that background with her into the first ladies role. What qualities did she see in James Madison when he was so much her opposite . Well, i think on sits attract many times. I think she was very impressed with his intellect understand private he was thought to be very amusing and very entertaining. And so i think thats the side of him that she saw while they were courting. And its interesting that aaron burr provided the link between the two. You get the sense of these people who were part of the american cannon were a small community. Its a small world. And James Madison fell in love with her and was very romantic. He was in his mid 40s and had never married which was odd. Marriage is a very pragmatic business in this age and love isnt necessarily part of it. So dolleys approach to the marriage was pragmatic. He would be a protector of her son. As the marriage went on she fell deeply in love with james. Marriage was a pragmatic business and she had a son to protect and property to be managed. And someone who would do that honestly and well. And had a reputation for running his own Family Plantation in virginia. Rick is up next in kansas. Hello. Good evening. You ladies are good. Thanks, rick. Two questions if you would. First, did ms. Madison travel abroad, if , so when and who did she visit . And among modern time first ladies who might she compare with . Did Dolley Madison travel abroad . I dont think she ever travel add broad. Diplomats were amazed by that because she was so converse nt and she was a diplomatic wife so they did marvel that she had that quality. And how did she get her knowledge of french fashions for example . If you were Dolley Madison, you could not go anywhere whether it was a city in america or france without having to shop for her. Also very early on she became the patriot jay of the french ministers wife and she schooled her as well. She hired a master of ceremonies in the white house who was french and familiar with all of the diplomatic niceties shall we say so that he would explain to her what kind of food was served and what the french taste was and what french qui sin was about so she had a number of people who helped school her in this type of thing. The white house staff is large d all of this come from the money that they were paid or from their personal wealth, all these extra staff and advisors that you talk about . Probably most of them did. For instance, one of the things she hired as they called him french john away from the minister from Great Britain which was a huge slap tofment hire somebody away from somebody elses household particularly when that person was in the Diplomatic Community was an insult on the one hand or a great coo on the other. And she was able to do that. A lot of resources went to creating the out fits. She got the bills and she was like dont tell my husband. Between buying the stuff and paying the duties on it, it was quite a lot. I wanted to ask you about the maryland component of this fleeing of the white house during the war. My understanding is that there is a house in brookville maryland that is called white house for a day and my understanding is that madison arrived at that house and conducted business from there and i wondered whether Dolley Madison was part of that or whether there was some kind of a transition from virginia to maryland . I do not know the answer to that question. That gives us another stop in this. Stump the panel. Another place to check out, the white house for a day you tell us about. I was going to go back and answer or give my opinion about the second part of the question was who would she compare to in the present. And i would say Jacqueline Kennedy. I think she looked at imagining her Husbands Administration and recreating the white house for the stage for diplomacy through her renovation of the white house in the same way dolley looked at the white house as a stage and imagined her husbands presidency. So i see a lot of comparable activity and things that she was trying to achieve as was Jacqueline Kennedy. And Jacqueline Kennedy referenced dolley. She was a fan and definitely referenced her in the re dog of the white house. And she had to love the french furniture. With regard to the renovation of the white house, if you go to the white house today, can you see evidence of the torching by the british . There are places in the basement where you can see burned timbers. I know when they did the restoration of the white house, they found a lot of charred wood and charred bricks and so forth that were taken out and saved as remnants from the fire. Were showing some pictures of some of the charring right now. You can see it on the trim of the balcony too. Laura bush told me president bush showed the prime minister. How complete it was destruction . Pretty complete inside. How long did it take to rebuild it . The mad sons didnt move back in. It wasnt until the monroes administration that they were able to move back in the white house so i would say a couple of years. About 18 minutes and its time to move. A complex part of our history and long life to the retirement after the Madison Administration. James and dolley return to their beloved montpelier in virginia and were going to visit that place next. If you were a visitor you would enter here and be shown into the madisons great drawing room. Mrs. Madison had many lady friends she would invite here. The daughters of Thomas Jefferson were also frequent visitors. Her most intimate circle included her families, her sisters especially were always welcome guests as well as many nieces she had who often stayed for extended visits here. The drawing room combined many different themes into one. You see many of the faces of the Great American statesman, but you see figures of classical antiquity. You have a reproduction of the declaration of independence. Have you a miniature of homer, the writer of the great epics of grease. Then you have a painting of pan and youths. This was 200 years old when they purchased it. In the way of blending the classical and american they were trying to place the events in world history. This is a room where all the guests would assemble before dinner and have a chance to meet one another and converse socially and casually and then they might be invited to dine in the dining room. After supper the ladies would adjourn back into the drawing room and maybe play a game and be served coffee and tea. This was a social center of the house. If you were a part of the intimate circle of friend you would be invited into the dining room from the drawing room. Here Dolley Madison in an unusual setting for the period would is it at the head of the table and her husband would is it at the middle of the table. Dolley would direct the conversation and james could engage in conversation with the people to his right or left. This table today is set for eight people but there could be as many people as 20 served in the dining room. That would not be unusual. She considered dining here to be more relaxing than entertaining in washington. She was less worried serving 100 people here than 20 in washington. Many important figures would be seated with them. Thomas jefferson was frequently here. James monroe was here. Henry clay. Margaret smith. Once while mrs. Madison was serving at the head of the table the Vice President offered to do the honors for her and she responded oh no, watch with what ease i do it. And he had to admit she did it with unparalleled ease. And looking at their life when they returned there, how was it compared to when they lived in the white house . I think they were besieged by people who wanted to associate themselves with the mad sons. Many visitors in addition to political visitors in addition to family and friend. Sort of like the washingtons and the jeffersons. Everybody wanted to meet the great percentages. So they had people in the house with them. Not only relatives but Many Political visitors as well. She was devoted to him and getting his papers together in that role. Was she happy doing that . Yes, that the point she loved her husband very much. That is where he wanted to stay and so she stayed as well. The descriptions of her at this time werent the same. Shes described as content, adam and eve in paradise. She definitely missed washington. She would write and say tell me all the news and she would complain a little bit i havent been out. Keep me up to date and let me know what is happening. For her own selfshe probably would have wanted to go back to washington for a visit but James Madison was going to stay put. She was 49 years old when she left the white house. He was 17 years her senior. She worked to involve him when he was in the last days of his final illness. Before we talk about her years back in washington because she lived until the age of 81 and was very much involved in the august. I have a couple of comments about Dolley Madisons clothing and fashion and then i have a question. I used to be a dozen at the North Carolina Historical Museum and we happen to have some of her belongings which includes the original of that red velvet dress we saw. Also we own a pink silk dress she wore while she was first lady. And what was interesting about that piece of clothing was when we had it conserved by the people of williamsburg virginia. They found that the tiny but tons on the front of the dress were filled with dried peas. So thats what her dress maker did for her with french fashion also as she grew older and her hair became very very thin, she did have some real human hair curls sewed into her turbins and put that on in the morning with her curls showing and she looked younger she thought. The way the greensboro Historical Museum came into possession of these wonderful items including beautiful silk shoes and carved ivory calling cases is they received it from some folks who brought a trunk at auction that was sort of a hidden treasure. And i want to know what these ladies know about the finding of that trunk that was hidden behind a wall. And i want to say it was in philadelphia. But i want to know how the person that had that hidden behind the wall got those very important things and had them . Ill answer quickly because i want to say this is happening in the 1950s and 1960s so not that long ago. The story of Ladies Historical Society found and financed this deserves a Television Program of its own. They raised money one Chicken Dinner at a time paid the sum of 25,000 to get this stuff. Is that close to where she was born s. That where the connection was . The ladies felt like she was North Carolinas only born first lady. You can go there now and see part of that. Dolley madison returns to washington after the death of her beloved james. How does she spend her years here . She become it is grand am of Washington Society once again. Because people know about her poverty but dont want to confront her with it, people in the white house, the tylers invite her to come to dinner on many occasions. The younger first ladies always ask her advice on entertaining and handling large crowd of people. So she becomes sort of an exfirst lady advisor. And thats how she happened to do the match making between angel casington and van buren the son. Shes in the mix again and very much a behind the scenes player again. This is not a tragic ending. She manages to live a well known involved life. I think it was lonely without james. Eventually she sold. You remember this is her town. She worked for 16 years to build this town and the president s mansion as a symbol. It was under her tenure that the president s mansion got a nickname the white house. She can be credited with the nationalism around the end of the war of 1812. When she comes back to washington it is like the past came to light. She wore many of the same clothes. She was poor. But of coursed the this expect of making her seem like a relic from an era. Was that her real name . It was indeed. Though again her niece tried to perpetuate this idea that she was named dorothy. But she was dolley and trying to figure out why her family tried back to the scandalous rumors about her sexual fair with Thomas Jefferson and they thought that was too common a name for her but she was dolley and her birth is recorded that way. With or without the e. You see it spelled sometimes without. Thats advertising. Now the icon. John is in pennsylvania. Yes i was wondering if Dolley Madisons first husband john todd was related to abraham lincolns wife mayor todd. I have no idea. Im going to say what is important about that is marry todd brooded that about. When mary todd comes to down decade later and Dolley Madison set the example. Mary todd tries to ride on her coat tails. But she does not have dolleys sense of tone. Shes tone death when it comes to that. Is it true dolleys son from her first marriage gambled away much of her money . That and drinking. That will do it. Yes. Did he continue his relationship with his mother in later years . No she did not. Your question about Dolley Madison . Im questioning whats the relationship between ms. Madison and ms. Polk and harrison. And harrison. I think the polks became friend. People wanted to associate themselves with dolley after she came back to the capitol city and it was cash shea by association so the polks often invited her to dine with them and take part in parties and so forth in the we should tell people about congress awarding her a seat. I call this her iconic phase when she becomes a symbol. Shes awarded a seat on the floor of congress with escorts. Shes the only woman to do it and for a woman to do it. There is a lot of attention being paid to her and she starts to become a symbol even as shes living. Did she avail herself in the debates 234 congress . One of the things she did for other women is that she would go to the debates and go and watch the Supreme Court argue and that allowed other women to do that as well. That was a way of bringing the women into a knowledge of what was going on politically so while they were part of this social network that she was setting up in washington, they could also be part of the Political Networks as well. She would get the women together and they would go up to capitol hill. She called them dove parties. Debbie on facebook didnt Paul Jennings give her money at the end of her life when she was so poor . Money and groceries, yes. You spoke about how she was writing a letter to her sister in the midst of evacuating the white house. How did it get posted or did she hold on to it . We only have this letter in her fair hand. So in 1830s when shes thinking about her legacy. She wants stuff from Dolley Madison. Shes caution. And she mentioned this letter, we dont have the original. We have a caller which Margaret Smith reproduces. There is an article that suggest that dolley may have at heard the for his sake. Thats a good pr move. Pam, youre our last caller. I wanted to ask whether Dolley Madison had any kind of relationship with James Monroes wife who i know travelled in europe and i believe was born in had anyand whether she had anye grandchildren. Thank you very much. Did they have a relationship . No. They knew each other as plantation owners in the same area, but i do not think they were friendly. Say there was no legitimate issue. That is a nice way of putting it. As we close, here is a quote from Dolley Madison. We all have a great hand in the formation of our own destiny. We must head on that intricate path, leading to perfection and happiness by doing all that is good and handsome. Therefore, we can be taken under the silver wing of our rewarding angel. For your thoughts on Dolley Madisons importance and legacy. Important for several reasons. Of does except the role first lady. Historians look at her because she lets us know the role of aristocracy in this democracy. In the end, why does this matter . I think for Dolley Madison, what she has offered us is a model for governance. It stresses civility and empathy. Dolly medicine is modeling this for us, she is not going to win. But we look to our founding generations because we need role models. Politics, conducting stressing building bridges and not bunkers, is a model that she has bequeathed us and when we can use for the future. Important she is very for bringing those models, but also for bringing women into the political mix at a very early time. Her conciliation, her abilities to bring people together, wouldnt it be nice if we had dolly back in washington now . We only skimmed the surface. If you want to learn more, here is our guestbook. A Perfect Union, alley medicine and the creation of an american nation. U influence and image. Recorded in 2013 and 2014. Monday at 8 p. M. , the series continues with our program on julia grant, who served alongside president Ulysses S Grant from 18 6921877. That is on American History tv, on cspan3. If you enjoyed watching first ladies, pick up a copy of the book first ladies, influence and image. Through interviews with top historians. Now available in paperback, hardcover, or as an ebook. You are watching American History tv, covering cspan style. Lectures, and college classrooms. Visits to museums and historic places. All we can, every weekend, on cspan3. Next, on American History tvs weekly series, the people and the police, oakland. A documentary about Police Brutality in the community and various strategies to reform the police department. Almost from the day it was founded in 1948, the folks across the bay in San Francisco have been making jokes about oakland. There is no there there. While the jokes may live on, oakland is no longer that faceless other city across the bay