Stalin declared their participation in the United Nations organization. Rushing germany from the east and the west, they met at the river and joined hands in the celebration of victory. They fought the good fight together, final victory was in sight. Mans hopes of lasting peace were high. But the great architect of victory was not to see the final fight. Franklin roosevelt was dead. He left the United Nations organization, the framework for lasting peace on earth. World war ii to end, and in tokyo bay, general mcarthur spoke for all people. And that god will preserve it always. Meanwhile in san francisco, delegates of 50 nations have met to form the United Nations organization. President truman came from washington for the signing of the historic charter. Minister molikov of the soviet union lent his voice to the hopeful expression of mans resolution to live in peace. The nations were united. They launched the rule of International Law and human rights, a rule of law they believed no nation, large or small, would dare defy. The United Nations was set up, a tribunal to decide and enforce its decisions. People felt a strong desire for independence, and this had been seen in the United Nations charter. A republic of indonesia had been set up, embracing a large part of the island which had, until then, been under the rule of the netherlands. Civil unrest broke out in the republic and other islands. Although the netherlands had recognized the new republic, differences arose, and the dutch began military operations. In july 1947, the hostilities in indonesia were brought to the attention of the Security Council of the United Nations. The council immediately issued a cease fire order and appointed a committee of good offices to aid in the peaceful negotiation of the dispute between the netherlands and republican leaders. Guided by the United Nations committee, the two parties to the dispute signed a truce in january 1948. Hostilities broke out again in december. The capital republic and many other towns fell to the negle netherlands forces. They adopted a scorched earth policy as they fled before the dutch forces. The Security Council met in emergency session in paris and again called upon the parties to cease all military operations. The Council Recommended the establishment of an independent United States of indonesia at the earliest possible date. The United Nations commission was instructed to assist in the negotiations. A round table conference between the netherlands and indonesia started in the hague in 1949, august. With the help of the United Nations commission, the conference agreed on a charter of transfer on sovereignty and the future cooperations between the netherlands and the United States of indonesia. The United States of indonesia, embracing scores of islands and including 80 Million People was a reality. And late in december 1949 at the hague Queen Juliana of the netherlands signed the document, which transferred complete sovereignty of the indonesia over to the United States of indonesia and recognized it as an independent nation. The question had been peacefully resolved. The sub continent of india was another trouble spot after world war ii. Its millions also looked forward to independence after years of passive resistance. Following Self Determination of people made plans to give india complete freedom but the question of independence was not simple, for it posed another delicate question, the partition of the subcontinent between hindu india and muslim pakistan. Meetings were held between hindu and muslim leaders. Mehet gandgandhi, a great propo of independence. A muslim leader succeeded to the leadership. And under his leadership the independence of india was declared. Millions of indians led by the Prime Minister celebrated the independence of this great nation. The new dominion took over the Charter Partnership which was held by india in the United Nations. The new republic of pakistan in the northeast corners separate bid 1,000 miles of dominion territory. Territorial limits of pakistan were determined on the basis of the islamic faith led by the new dominion of pakistan also celebrated its independence august 1947 and at karachi, the joyous people hailed their new nation. But the partition of india led almost immediately to disputes. Centering around the protest of jammu and kashmir, pakistan was aiding them in kashmir, troops were sent into kashmir and in this area of the world there appeared threat to international peace. They denied the charges of india and questioned the legality of kashirs succession to india. Continuing to increase the threat to world peace, and brought the dispute to the attention of the United Nations. The Security Council called upon both parties to terminate hostilities in kashmir and appointed a commission to work with the two states for a peaceful settlement of the dispute. If all parties to the dispute agreed to the solution of the problem. Meanwhile india and pakistan were urged to continue their efforts to reach a peaceful settlement. They continued their negotiations with the aid and encouragement of the United Nations. Through the United Nations also came the problem of palestine. A british mandate since the end of world war i, in recent years this small country had been the site of bloodshed. Disorder and aspirations of the jewish people that had been intensified for the persecution of the jews that aggravated the palestine problem. As a special session, the General Assembly of the United Nations established a special committee on palestine and sent it to this troubled area to study the problems and make recommendations. United nations committees spent months in palestine and conferred with arabs and jews. And under international control, the city of jerusalem, free to be linked by economic union. The General Assembly accepted this recommendation. The United Nations job was not yet done. Border clashes increased and soon open warfare broke out in this troubled area of the world. The United Nations continued its efforts for peace, and the General Assembly appointed a special mediator, charged with negotiating a settlement with palestine. Meetings with the arabs and the jews, he was finally successful in arranging a truce. While striving for a basis for Permanent Peace in palestine, the count was assassinated by terrorists. The world mourned his death. Violence again spread throughout the disputed areas of palestine. Dr. Ralph j. Bunch of the United States was appointed acting mediator and continued the work of the count to find a solution. Through the negotiations as mediator, final treaties were signed and peace came to the troubled holy land. The state of israel had been proclaimed and the people rejoiced in their new nation. A haven of refuge for the displaced and persecuted members of the jewish faith from all over the world. Israel was admitted to membership in the United Nations and her flag was raised at lake success. Again, the United Nations had, through peaceful mediation, resolved a dispute that had been a threat to world peace. The problem of korea also seemed ideally suited to peaceful settlement under United Nations hospices. The United States submitted the question of korean independence to the assembly. The soviets previously pledged to korean independence now refused to participate on the work of this commission. This policy of obstruction was not new. In seoul, capital of korea, the two previous years had seen fruitless meetings between the soviet and United States military commanders. Soviet obstruction had resulted in the permanent and tragic division of the Korean People at the 38th parallel, which had been originally established only as a temporary boundary for administrative purposes. The chief task of the newly created United Nations commission was to obtain cooperation in establishing a united independent republic of korea. This task was made impossible by soviet refusal to allow the commission to cross the 38th parallel and soviet refusal to cooperate in any way. Only in south korea where free elections under the impartial supervision of the commission were possible. Here, true to its pledge, the United Nations assisted in an independent nation based on the freely express willed of the people. Soviet obstruction prevented the participation of all koreans in a unified republic, but a republic there was. Newly elected government continued the work of the United States military government, which had voluntarily resigned its powers to the new nation. Land reform, education, public safety, and other projects were now the concern of the new government. The people of the republic of korea settled down to the pursuits of peace. Suddenly and without warning, the communistcontrolled North Koreans hurled themselves on to their peaceful neighbor to the south. And they attempted the destruction of the Public Opinion the peaceful citizens torn from their homes, separated from their families, formed the long and miserable lines of refugees. Which are always the first fruits of ruthless conflicts. United nations Security Council met in emergency session at lake success to take action on the north korean aggression. The soviet union chose to be absent. The council quickly dispatched the ceasefire order to the regime. This order was ignored. Military action against the invaders. General Douglas Macarthur was named commander in chief for the United Nations forces in korea and, after visiting the battlefront, he accepted the first United Nations battle flag to be flown by the United Nations forces fighting the communist invaders. For five weeks as korean republican and United States forces, under the United Nations flag, fought to stem the tide of north korea communist aggression, while the Security Council took all of the emergency steps in an effort to halt that aggression, the delegates of the soviet union appointed himself from the United Nations deliberations and decisions. The United Nations troops fought and fell back, trading space for time until more help could arrive. On august 1st, soviet delegate, for the First Time Since the invasion, returned to take his seat in the Security Council. It was the turn of the soviet. Malik, deliberately ignoring the north korean aggression started a campaign to block any action on the korean war by the Security Council. Meanwhile, the United Nations troops battled the communist invaders and the Security Council tried, without success, to prod the soviet delegate to his responsibilities. As august day followed august day, the United Nations continued its fight in korea. And the Security Council soviet delegate sat impassive, rendering impotent the United Nations efforts to end the bloodshed in korea. As august waned, United States delegate Warren Austin in simple terms made clear for all the world to see enemies of democracy. Whose troops are attacking in someone elses territory . The North Koreans. Whose territory is overrun by an invading army . The republic of korea. Who is assisting the republic of korea to defend itself . The United Nations, with the support of 53 of the 59 members. Who has influence and the power to call off the invading north korean army . The soviet union. Who is responsible for the bombing and bloodshed that inevitably ensued from the act of aggression . The North Koreans and those who support them. Who then can stop the bomb iing and the bloodshed . The north korean, and those who support their aggression. What member of the Security Council is supporting the north korean regime in the Security Council . The soviet union. Who then is supporting the United Nations charter and really working for peace . The 53 members of the United Nations who are supporting the republic of korea. Is the soviet union one of 53 . No. No, not the soviet union, but the 53 of the 59 members of the United Nations, which are sharing in the United Nations action in korea. These are the nations, united for peace, who have used the peaceful mediation in the five years of the nations progress and the nations that now and forever stand to meet and halt aggression anywhere by the powers invested in them by the United Nations charter. Every saturday at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on American History tv on cspan3, go inside a Different College classroom and hear about topics ranging from the american revolution, civil revolution, civil rights and u. S. President s to 9 11. Thanks for your patience and for logging in to class. With most College Campuses closed due to impact of the coronavirus watch professors transfer to a virtual setting to engage with students. Gorbachev did most of the work to change the soviet union but reagan encouraged him, supported him. Freedom of the press well get to late. Madison originally calmed it freedom of the use of the press and it is indeed freedom to print and publish things. Not a freedom for what we now refer to institutionally as the press. Lectures in history on American History tv on cspan3 every saturday and 8 00 p. M. Eastern. Lectures in history is also available at a podcast. Find it where you listen to podcasts. Weeknights this month we feature American History tv programs as preview of whats available every weekend on cspan3. Tonight, programs on the military. Well travel to northeastern france with historian mitchell yuckalson to tour two battlefields where american and French Forces fought in the spring of 1918 to stop a german offensive towards paris. That starts at 8 00 p. M. Eastern. Enjoy American History tv every weekend on cspan3. Youre watching American History tv. Every weekend on cspan3 explore our nations past. Cspan3 created by americas Cable Television companies as Public Service and brought to you today by your television provider. Tuesday morning
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