The earliest structures in d. C. It will be a condensed version about her title that appears in the 2020 issue of the capital. She is a scholar specializing in american art, particularly the movement of the 19 century and 20th century. And twos a doctorate masters degree on history and museum studies. Was the recipient of the capital fellowship and the Architects Office in 2018. Just gives slide presentations and talks and archetype you, euros, sculptures at the Thomas Jefferson building. Before becoming a capital fellow, she worked as a Research Intern where she contributed to a variety of projects, including her research and writing biographies of 19thcentury and twentysomething us 20th century sculptors. It is my great pleasure to introduce to you dr. Linda cooper. If you will join us. Dr. Cooper good afternoon. I am going to be talking about the relationship between the worlds columbian exposition exposition and the library of congress Thomas Jefferson building. Columbianinto the exposition first. Thingsing at two notable that the columbian exposition is famous for. Of the 19threatest century world fair held in chicago in 1893. Exposition columbian is world renowned for the ferris georgedesigned by washington and. The ferris field ferris wheel madeotable and was later copies made for other world fairs. Right, another notable attraction at the world columbian exposition, the desert little egypt who became famous as the shape that shook chicago. She became famous for dancing her hoochie kochi, a dance that is wellknown from some memorable music. The hoochie kochi dance. Hip shimmy isat how learn call landed humphrey bogart. Moving onto the exposition and more of its connection to the library of congress. The library of congress is one of the first buildings in d. C. Worldas inspired by the columbian exposition to Jefferson Building. Exposition. The Jefferson Building allowed the world fair to have a permanent form. Within 25 artists who worked in chicago in the exposition later worked on the Jefferson Building. So for this presentation, we are going to have an overview of the columbian exposition, look briefly at the Jefferson Building in general, and then we looking ato focus on inee artists who worked both chicago and at the Jefferson Building. Right. Ft to columbian exposition was one of the greatest of the 19th century fairs. It was held in chicago in 1893, was meant to honor christopher columbus, but the focus that was supposed to be on columbus soon shifted to a focus on the advances in American Technology and a union of nations and above all a union of the arts. Left howave on the extensive the world columbian exposition became and one centerpiece of this massive exposition was the court of honor. Encompassedf honor and right ine monumental s a turnstile and right in front of it was a monument. The republic was nicknamed big mary. On the opposite side of the court of honor, in other massive sculpture. Honor was also well known for having its most important buildings. These buildings that were constructed of symmetrical facades that were made from a plaster based material and these facades were meant to simulate monumental masonry. Facades,f these pale the columbian exposition soon became known as the white city. After the exposition closed, the d. C. City soon arrived in through the Thomas Jefferson building. Congress building is one of the earliest of the chicago fair inspired buildings constructed in d. C. By theheavily influenced columbian exposition in the theitecture as seen where building similar to the u. S. Government building at the chicago fair was designed as an italians and italian renaissance palazzo. Extended toion also other aspects of the union of the arts on a grand scale. Euroas the use of paintings mural paintings. Murals have examples of in the government building in chicago and other examples of murals being used at the library of congress. Sculpture was also brought in. The columbia fountain in chicago eventually became a smaller version but also a groups culture. The library of congress greatly benefited from all of these artists who were working in d. C. Toand soon came to fulfill commissions for the library of congress after they fulfilled their commissions in chicago. Artists whothree are the focus of this presentation. Gary had a reputation for designing largescale paintings and was able to use his connections to obtain a colombian at the exposition for the manufacturer and the largest building of the to have a designed tremendous amount of room for decoration. He received a commission to design to narrow for the southwest pavilion. Here are his murals. War and the arts of arts of peace. Have the drawings for those murals. We do have those that survived. We see on the left despite the name the art of war, what is really depicted as the result of a successful hunt, where a group of hunters had killed a deer and are bringing it back to their homes. This group is presided over by an ancient chieftain on horseback. Createdther drawing, he the arts in peace the arch of peace which shows figures gathered together in pursuit of knowledge. Priest who led by a are giving offering to a statue of minerva, the roman goddess of wisdom, the equivalent of the greek palace of dena. Others are shown engaged in the pursuit of knowledge and this pursuit of knowledge is being everyone regardless of their gender or their age, everyone is able to practice this pursuit of knowledge. That from these forings he made his murals the manufacture of the liberal arts building. The arch of war was installed peace was installed right over here. These murals were so well expositionring the that after it closed, the university of michigan requested permission to have this merrills so that they could be installed these murals so they could be installed on their campus. The actual murals from the expedition are also still insting and they can be seen the Helen Hatcher graduate library of the ann arbor campus of the university of michigan. Because of the success of the marrows at the exposition the murals at the exposition, he had no difficulty obtaining the commission for the library of congress. He received a commission to thete two other murals for second floor at floors gallery. When he received the commission, he was instructed to paint what he had painted in chicago. Copieswant to make exact of what he had done in sakata in chicago, but he produced a variation. And the arch of peace is on the right. In the mural of war, has actually been replaced with a war scene. These figures, once again led by the chieftain on horseback returning from a are victoriany style because the chieftain is wearing a crown of victory. This is a victory that was one at a great price. Some of his soldiers are carrying on the stretcher a wounded warrior. Has collapsedr and is being tended to by a female figure. So this is a victory that was one at a great price. Won at a great price. With the mural of peace, melchers made dramatic changes to it. Rather than showing the pursuit of knowledge, the focus has procession,igious where the statue of minerva has been replaced by a smaller who is beingoddess carried to some location where in religious ceremony where eight religious ceremony will be taking place. A priest is leading the procession. Ull is bring is being brought along and will be offered as a sacrifice. The changes change with mural of peace then the mural of war. Never the less, all four of and they areexist both permanently displayed in institutions of learning. They were destined to be preserved and shared with all who come to these libraries. William was also another artist who had a reputation for largescale paintings and he wanted to have a commission at the chicago fair. But he did not have the connections that melchers had. He had difficulty getting his commission. He had gone to make sketches for murals that were being designed by other artists, but he was not able to obtain a Mural Commission for himself. Thater, he did discover there was one Mural Commission that had not yet been given to an artist. He decided to pursue that it was a commission to paint the dome to paint a mural for the dome of the Administration Building left designed by Richard Morris hunt. He was looking for an artist to paint his dome, but he was having a great deal of difficulty because the dome manyf was so big that artists were intimidated by that commission. That hunt had an office in new york and was frequently there. So dodge left chicago for new york to visit hunt and see if he could obtain that commission for this dome mural the Administration Building. Dodge experienced a great deal of difficulty and he arrived in hunts office. Wrote about his experience in hunts office. The difficulty that he encountered when he was trying to meet with hunt at his office. Dodge wrote all about it and he wrote, i had such a hard time trying to get into his office. The entrance said nobody can see mr. Hunt. I made such a fuss must saying i would sit there until he came out, that his son heard me and came out to see what it was about. I told him i wanted to see his father and wanted to paint his dome. My determination was have impressed him, as he took me into see his father. The old man started to cuss me out and left at the gall of a kid my age i was 24 than thinking i could paint his dome, which was 315 feet in circumference by 50 feet deep. I used some pretty Strong Language myself and told him that after he has seen my work if he didnt think i was capable of painting it, he could get knowne else to do his dam damn dome. I sold him painting after painting until his office was covered. Dodge showed that he was extremely determined to get that son,ssion and hunt, i can was also impressed and gave dodge the commission on the spot. Was the4, dodge youngest artist to work on the domego fair because the was so huge chicago dome. Because the dome was so huge he knew he wouldnt be able to paint it entirely himself, so he asked his brother, robert day de leftwich dodge to help him paint the dome. The two brothers worked together to paint this dome for the Administration Building. William came up with the designs and together william and robert painted this merrill mural. What they painted was the glorification of the arts and sciences. Left have we see on the the dome of the administration right we and on the murale drawing of the that was meant for the dome. Merrill, mural, we had the arts and sciences paying grecoroman god of the arts. Of proceduression coming to the throne of apollo. In this detail of the ,rawing for the glorification this one male figure we see from behind. In this photo, we can see a little bit of the same male figure seen from behind. Focus of this painting is apollo, seated on the throne, receiving this procession of the arts and sciences. You see him on the left, and on the right this drawing showing the detail of apollo. Some of these figures that are seen in this procession include musicians. We see to musicians in this themng, and then we have in this were finished drawing of it. We also have a figure representing horticulture, this gardening figure. We see in this more finished drawing holding a gardening implement. And so the glorification of the arts and sciences was also well received at the chicago fair, and its success led dodge to have a much easier time in obtaining a commission at the library of congress. Congress i mean dodge received a commission and onee for murals secondral for the floors northwest pavilion of the arts and sciences. This mission in 5, and these four blue net lunets represent the arts and sciences. Music, literature and science. And then in the center, we have the dome. Murals, what we are seeing is the glorification of a merrill being divided of a mural being divided into four. Instead of having the arts and sciences combined together, we have them divided into separate lunettes. Have painting with a base, sculpture, a statue of winged have somend we even architecture from the column. Just as clarification, it also has these figures representing the arts. Painting, buture, we do not have apollo in this lunette. Musicd, we have him in and he is sitting on a bench and playing music. Mural,glorification apollo is enthroned and is receiving the arts and sciences, unette, he music llu is creating in to beating to music. He is creating and contributing to music. We have apollo joined by other figures who are also playing music. It involves lying down on the floor and playing music. Literature once again, apollo playing an active role in the nette, where he is reading a book in his lap with the audience listening to his story. If we look at some of the asures who are in this, such this seated woman right here who is embracing she has one arm around a small child. She has her hand on the head of another small child. , where seen her before she is in the glorification , the same seated woman with her arm around a child. Made aas taken her and mirror image of her and added her to literature and added the second child as well. Science, apollo once again is thist, and the focus is on kneeling he is about to receive his reward for it. To offerwooping down this laurel wreath of victory. This is extremely similar to the one of the glorification mural. The same kneeling posture, same purple attire. Once again we have the victory swooping down. They have made variations of these. When thes what happens drive for success goes too far. You have these figures who are struggling against each other to reach the unattainable ideal. The unattainable ideal is by this figure of fame blowing on her trumpet. They are all struggling to get recognition for their achievements. He has brought together all of these figures from the glorification mural and has made them like this outofcontrol group. A stately procession of but all of these figures have been driven mad by their lust for recognition. Even to the point of committing murder. We have a slain figure. These figures are struggling to get these rewards. They are attempting to seize these rewards. Them tohan waiting for be bestowed upon them. These murals by dodge that he created for the library, they ite so wellreceived that looks like he was reaching toward the unattainable. They continue to have successful careers. As painters of murals and other media. They were both successful artists. That led to their work at the library of congress. He already had a successful he was extremely well known for his commission to create book illustrations for an addition of edition of the rubiyat. When his book illustrations came made him aally highly successful artist. Successful that he was invited to participate in the chicago fair. He got a commission to design and exhibition. He accepted this commission to make a design for a medallion for the chicago fair. Two medallions were created. Medallion and a civilian silver medallion. Were dedicateds had dedications on the reverse. They had a seated figure of fortune or good luck sitting in a wings chariot. They created the drawing upon which the medallion was based. Her left hand rests on a cornucopia representing prosperity. He also had no difficulty in obtaining a commission to the library of congress. He received a commission to murals for the main reading room vestibule. Vedder was commissioned in 1895 to paint the effects of good and bad government. Good administration can be seen to the left. Peace and prosperity to the right. Anarchy can be seen at the bottom. Vedder brought some aspects for his drawing to the commemorative medal and use those as a way of for theon his design murals. Fortune became peace and prosperity. She is holding two laurel wreaths that she is about to youths who are showing their achievements in different fields. Is male figure on the left showing his expertise in the arts. He is probably proficient in music. Is figure on the right planting a tree. The arts and agriculture are about to receive their rewards. With corrupt legislation, the cornucopia appears again. These cornucopia are not being distributed to all. They are both filled with coins. But they are not raining down. Instead, they are being heavily guarded by corrupt legislation. She is impatiently dismissing who is holding these empty instruments. She is barefoot. Has begged for work. Notcorrupt legislation does want to listen to her. Instead, corrupt legislation is turned toward this elderly man on her right. This male figure is offering a bribe. Coinsoffering this bag of. He is tipping the scale in his favor. He has control of the law. Thisg Means Nothing at point. The balance has spilled out. Spelling out,ns these votes have been overturned and are spelling out for the benefit of corruption. She has her one leg crossed over the other. She haslocking the view her hand and arms raised over it. They are making sure these two cornucopia will not be distributed for all. Stay with her to at all times. Figures, all of these figures were painted. Vedder wanted viewers to focus on what these allegorical figures were representing. He was not making them as portraits of any specific figures. When he was giving a talk about these figures, he gave the example of what he would not try to do. He said he was not trying to make these figures represent any specific figure from Popular Culture. He gave one example, fluffy ruffles. That was her name. No, she was not affiliated with a certain adult industry. Lets just call her fluff. Was a Popular Culture figure from the time of the 1890s. Century. Early the of she appears in youth faith or like the New York Herald or the San Francisco sunday call. Was a young, pretty woman going fromstantly job to job to job. Obtain able to employment but she had Trouble Holding onto employment. She was so attractive that wherever she worked, men were always flocking around her to talk with her and joke with her, flirt with her, gaze at her. Anyecame so distracting for place she was working that she would and up quitting or be fired because she could not get any work done. Timeas so popular at this that there were clothing lines designed for her. Songs were being written about her. There were cocktails that were designed for her. Men could train cocktails named after fluff. She was very popular. Vedder did not want to recreate fluff and is murals. In his murals. He wanted to focus on what the figures