Bodies like this, there are lowerlevel working groups that will feed into this on a regular basis, is that correct . Why dont i asked richard and brandy to talk to that . As somebody who also cochairs the Nuclear Posturing view, i think my colleagues and i serve as the daytoday coaches for the bpr and i think she probably got sick and tired of the end of it when i kept making comparisons to the Nuclear Posture review. I think there was some value there in one of the outcomes in the npr, we do implementation, a lot of those issues that were identified had a body to go back to to be the lead for implementation. In other cases, it was policy or somewhere else. As we were going through the process, we realized, number one, just the value of getting this collective group of people and officials into the same room on really a weekly basis, to have these discussions and dialogue and identify gaps and scenes, wherever they may be. And we kind of recognized, we probably should sustain us in some way. I always laugh, i think people wince when i say this, because it did take a while to do, but just as with the Nuclear Posture review, i would hope this would not be the first and the last bio defense posture review, i think there needs to be a regular review of this, which again, is the value of the council existing to determine i am not saying it has to be every president ial term or every administration, that should be up to the council to decide. In stride, if issues are identified or need to be adjusted, thats why the council exists. One of the things that we talked about with the council was if we have a major issue, a pandemic of some sort, how do we mobilize and respond. I see the doctor in the audience who lived with us before i was there, but i know there was a lot of scramble at the beginning of covid to figure out who were the right people, what was the right venue, the right body to bring this all together . Now, guess what . We will have a counsel now that is basically all those people and allows us, working in collaboration, to quickly bring folks together and not have to fight the bureaucratics, but then worry about what is needed to respond, to get funding, et cetera. So, i think that frankly, the conduct of doing this in the first place just itself was useful in identifying that we needed this regular kind of battle rhythm against players. Yes, so the one word that you left out was in a coordinated way. So, that is going to be the key as a counsel whenever there is a response, the council will have all of the osd elements engaged, the joint staff, the services, so all of those components that might play a part in a Global Response or a targeted response will all come together in this counsel moving forward. The other thing that i would like to highlight is you mentioned the working groups, right . So, the Council Recognizes that in order to be able to address these evergreen issues that we are identifying with the complexity of the environment, dr. George mentioned the policy challenges, strategy challenges, and then ultimately, how do we appropriately prioritize some of the efforts that we need to do moving forward . We cant do that i just kind of dropping something on the council. So, there will be bodies that are either ad hoc or evergreen that will help shape that environment across the department of defense and the enterprise of bio defense within the department. So, that is going to be part of this level of effort. Just by way of example, to take a little deeper dive on this, lets use research and development acquisition, for example. There is a lot of Research Going on in dod for lots of reasons, sensors and biologic, how does the council look at that or how do you decide where the gaps are, where the overlaps are . Can you just dive a little bit into that to show us how this works . First of all, what i was saying from the bpr standpoint, we intentionally do not take a specific view on developing an s p or r d pipeline. We touch it from a very broad sense, to say that these organizations, primarily the Defense HealthProgram Needs to make sure that we are pivoting to looking at not just the current threat, but what is the threat of the future and how do we get after that ultimate resilience, protection, and understanding the domain of the next 10, 15 years . And we will continue to have to do that. But we also recognize that multiple of those organizations are developing their own strategy, their own S P Development pipeline, so we wanted to highlight all the amazing work that is done within those organizations and let them do that work, from a bio defense counsel perspective, though, the council will help to integrate and make sure that those organizations doing research and development or doing s p are communicating effectively on collaborating in a way that is a multiplier for the department. And also working with our interagency partners to understand what is the broader bio defense portfolios look like, so we can be added to the work, rather than trying to duplicate. Go ahead. It real quickly, i think it is a good example, one of the things and brandy spoke a little bit about this, but one of the things that the bio posture review did look at was where are those seams . Yes, there is rda research and Development Done in various parts of the department, but the deputy secretary asked us, please make sure in this review that we can say discreetly that can Bio Defense Program does ask whereas the Defense Health agency does y, and while there well at times the things that are relevant, we wanted to make sure, and particularly for our discussions with congress, they knew what was being funded where and what the Mission Space was for the discrete areas. And coming out of the bio posture review, i believe that apartment has a much clearer picture on who is doing what for what reason. We are running a little low on time, we have a lot of very interesting, very capable people in the audience, we would like to give you a chance to ask any questions you might have, there are microphones in the back if you would like to bring something up. You could go to the mic, identify yourself. Hi, i am jeff sergio, a senior associate here at csis. This has been a fascinating discussion, and obviously, the work that you did is highly complex and involves a lot of different moving parts within the defense department. What i am interested in is to what extent will the bio defense counsel be able to draw on the inside and expertise of allies and partners and of other stakeholders within american society, outside of the defense department. There are academics who are experts in this area, there are obviously many stakeholders will have an interest and bio defense, so to what extent will you be able to draw those kind of perspectives as well, in the ongoing work thank you for the question. We hope that it will continue, and now even more, based on our understanding of who is doing what throughout the department. And i think this goes back to your question on is the bio defense counsel supported by the regular work that is underway at the department . An answer to that is yes. And so, through all of the standing responsibilities that are there in the department of defense, those do not change. So, work with allies, work with academia, work with industry, all of that will continue and remain the same. What is exciting for us from a bio defense counsel perspective as we can then share those insights with the Senior Leadership within the department of defense. Coming out of this working group that was with the uk, was with think tanks, et cetera, this is what the global experts are saying about these issues, and it becomes a way to inform Senior Leadership that they currently do not have today, and that knowledge. I am gigi from the Johns HopkinsPublic Health center for health security. I have two quick questions. One well, first of all, congratulations. And second, i was really hard and to hear you talk about real partnerships with allies and working to boost biosafety and bio security. The problem is traditionally, that has been very hard to measure, and as a result, it is much easier to measure stuff, like pieces of equipment that end up getting piled and broken and left in laboratories and under resourced parts of the world. So, how are you going to be able to provide real support and partnerships like that . And the second question is are you going to be capping a lot of work to be done, looking this over, are you going to be tapping the defense Science Board and other science sources for expertise, thank you. I will start and welcome others to chime in. You are right, all of these things are a little bit difficult to quantify. I do think that this is an example, the ctr program, not only program, but we now have 30 years plus experience of doing this. As we mentioned earlier, one of the things we really focus on is not just a provision of helping us build a lab, helping to enhance security, helping to do training, but the sustainment element of that. It is something that we talk about constantly. For example, a lot of the programs that we do with training are not just training, they are training the trainers. When i was in kenya recently, the folks there talked about how they are not just training canyon officials, that they are training officials from all around different parts of the region and all of the continent. That is the kind of sort of multipliers we use that we want to see. I also think that we have some existing dialogue and bodies where frankly, we can bring in some of the knowledge and expertise that we have learned from the bpr and apply those to some of our Alliance Partnerships and relationships. There is a specific body at nato, for example, that i attend regularly, which should be the oversight body for the new nato defense policy, and we work very closely with the Nato International staff to build an Implementation Plan that says you have a plan now, what are you going to do with it . The other thing that i think is important for us to do and that we are doing more and more is to go through our allies and partners and actually do what you might call tabletop exercises or scenariobased discussion, because sometimes these things are very hard to put into a 90 minute panel or even a paper. But when you actually go through what would happen in various scenarios, whether it is accidental, deliberate, naturally occurring, that helps to illuminate sometimes for allies and partners who havent thought as much about this, what they would be able to do in this regard. I do think there are some things if it is ppe, things like that, there are other things we are going to have to do through these kinds of dialogues and regular exercising, if you will, and i think training and exercising is important, not just for u. S. Forces, for the total force, but for allies and partners. And in doing that in an integrated way, when we do join exercises, nato, japan, et cetera. I have a question that your question made me think about. This does not really to the allies, but very truly, in terms of partnership we were greatly helped, as i mentioned, and it was certainly not a throwaway comment, by the consultations we had before we started the bpr, be they care with Johns Hopkins, and you all very nicely pull together a range of experts. Randy and i went out to boston to talk with some of the Biotech Companies out there, and you know, so my request is please dont wait for us to reach out and ask, help us with that. We get completely inundated to our detriment. And so, if there is interesting work that you all are doing, please dont wait until it is published, please dont wait until the volumes come out. Please just call us up, and i promise you, i will meet with you. Having come from the nci and the think tank world and ngos, i know the depths and the very, very valuable work that is being done, and so, i am hungry for that and i know our team is as well, so my request back is help us with that, to keep us current, to tell us what is on your mind. What are you wearing about, what are things that are foremost on your minds . You guys are closer to the labs then we necessarily are, so you know, please help us with that. Yeah, i think the last thing i want to say is in our chapter, talking about coordination and collaboration, we as the bio defense counsel that are here today, recognize, and it was discussed broadly that the dod, as amazing as we are in logistics and r d and all the other areas of expertise we cannot and should not do this on our own, right . We have to collaborate with our interagency partners, with our allies globally, but also with industry and academia, we dont own the supply chains, we dont own the manufacturing, and for the most part, we are not doing their share of research and development and snt work, right . So, we have to coordinate and collaborate and expand the discussion beyond the walls of the department and beyond the silos that we have now broken down internally, now it is about incorporating and collaborating more broadly. So, i will echo that plea. We are looking and we are hungry for those engagements and opportunities where we can have those conversations. Been very broad, wide ranging discussion and we will continue this at an off record lunch. But secretary rosenblum, thank you very much. Do you have any closing comments . No, again, thank you very much to csis. And one of the things that we have touched on a little bit in terms of investments and whatnot is that, again, to reinforce how Critical Congress and the professional staff have been in helping us to get to this point, both in terms of talking. Where we have asked specifically for money, but you know, congress has been asking the department of defense for years now, how are you organized around this, how is it going, how can you be more effective, and then covid hits, of course, and then we came back rightly and said, can we hold off on answering some of these questions, so we can complete the bio posture review . But that is a partner in this theme of partnership where we certainly owe a debt of gratitude, not just for the support financially, but also further perspectives from the Armed Services committee, from the appropriators in the whole piece, and so, i just wanted to make sure we touched on that as well. Thank you. Please join me in thanking george, johnson, and rosenblum for coming here today and enlightening us. Thank you very much for a great discussion. [ applause ] next, a look at chinas economy and its impact on Global Markets and supply chains. From a discussion hosted by the u. S. China economic answer. He review commission. Okay, panel two. Our second panel will examine supply challenges in the u. S. China relationship. We will start with dr. Christopher lee is a former executive, a Global Supply chain consultant, and author of the recent book. He will provide an overview of the evolving supplychain landscape. Then we will hear from the senior fellow with the trustee chair in Chinese Business and economics and the center for strategic and international studies. She will address the rapid rise of chinas exports and the role of chinas industrial policies and its trade and supply chains. We both appreciate your testimony and would remind you to keep your remarks seven minutes so there is ample time for questions. Dr. Goebel, there you are virtually, why dont we begin with you . Thank you. I would like to thank you for the opportunity can you hear me . Yes. Oh, good. I would like now we cant. Count backwards. Okay. Something is happening with our sound, with our witness. I suppose that we could correct that . Because i know i cant. Why dont we move to you . Could you pick up while we are trying to sort out whatever pixie dust needs to fix that . Thank you, members of the commission and Staff Members of the commission for the opportunity to be here today. The electric vehicle sector in china and implications for the United States. Let me start by saying that like with other Clean Energy Technologies such as solar panels, chinas growing importance affordable. I can hear you and i am hearing several people. Mr. Goebel, we have asked your colleague to go ahead and speak because we couldnt hear you, so we are trying to correct your technical difficulty is, can you hear her speak . I can hear you. Yes. You if will wait until she has finished testifying, we will turn to your testimony. Absolutely. Thank you. So, vehicles made in china are affordable and of increasing quality, making them attractive to consumers worldwide. The cost of these vehicles could also undermine supply chain efforts underway in the United States. Although they could also help advance electric vehicle electric vehicle adoption worldwide. As a consequence, policies should take into consideration the trade off, as well as cost and competitiveness. I will now discuss briefly the state of the industry in china and how competition and manufacturing capacity there can combined with increasing national demand, driving a surge in exports, then discuss what the patterns in exports look like, and finally, how growing exports are setting the scene for expansion in International Manufacturing on the part of Chinese Companies. The ev industry is considered to be one of the most successful of industrial policy in recent years. Government interventions, including subsidies, markets, and technological trends, most idiots today are bought and made in china. As is typical industrial policy in china, after a wave of investment, we may be headed towards in overcapacity and intense competition underway. They are now navigating the most competitive ev market in the world, driving down prices. Consolidation of the industry may be complicated by the web of relationships between companies and local governments, something that has characterized the se