Before an inquiry report is published, the author will typically carry out a “Maxwellisation” process which offers those being criticised a chance to respond. The extent to which changes are proposed and accepted by the author can prove controversial – and it’s part of why those calling for an investigation tend to make such a fuss about it needing to be fully independent. As revealed by HSJ in December, a draft review of a research partnership between The Christie Foundation Trust and pharmaceutical giant Roche outlined multiple shortcomings in how the project was handled, as well as citing deeper cultural issues within the trust’s research and innovation department.