1. CAPT Wayne P. Hughes Jr. and ADM Robert Girrier, USN (Ret.), Fleet Tactics and Naval Operations, 3rd ed. (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2018), 194. 2. Sam LaGrone, “SNA: Navy Surface Leaders Pitch More Lethal Ships, Surface Action Groups,” USNI News, 15 January 2015, https://news.usni.org/2015/01/14/sna-navy-surface-leaders-pitch-lethal-ships-surface-action-groups. 3. VADM Thomas Rowden, RADM Peter Gumataotao, and RADM Peter Fanta, USN, “Distributed Lethality,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 141, no. 1 (January 2015). 4. MC1 Trevor Walsh, USN, “Surface Action Group: A Key to Maintaining Maritime Superiority,” 5. Walsh, “Surface Action Group.” 6. Normal range is the radius of sensors (r) from the ship. Two ships (two circles, each with radius r), 2r apart can see 3r in one direction instead of r. Surveillance range increases further with the inclusion of air assets.