might to enforce it. >> the cardinals realize they must solidify rules for papal elections. they convene in an effort to solve this problem once and for all. and the result becomes one of the most iconic symbols of the papacy. >> in the 12th century, cardinals who were senior clergy in rome made what they called a college. and after that cardinals would choose a pope in public. so that sort of regularized things. but of course you can always twist elections. >> after nearly 200 years of corrupt public elections, what is known today as the conclave is designed. the word conclave, a latin term meaning with a key, signifies