coastlines can be clear one month and blocked the next, russians are still using icebreakers. nuclear powered icebreakers to have to accompany much of the shipping there, even as sort of an insurance measure. and containerized shipping, the new thing, it is a container ship, lots of traffic through the arctic already of ships that are not in a hurry. >> so, i want to ask you what is causing the new northern sea route? what is causing it? >> it is all about efficiency. you mean the actual passages? >> yes, the climate. >> warmer -- warming climate, ocean currents particularly is the ocean warms. and you have more open water, becomes self-sustaining because sunlight that would hit the bright surface of sea ice and reflect back into space is now hitting the ocean and heating it up more and sao yo you have a lr open season. it sustains itself. that leads to more opportunities for ships. >> what is wrong with this