that means deterrence efforts, whether it be sanctions or cyber operations, haven't worked. we also know that our defenses aren't really up to the task when it comes to our election infrastructure. all 50 states were targeted by russian cyber ops in 2016. yet over a third of our states are still using paperless voting systems, to some agree. we also know that russia is still engaged in a highly sophisticated information war fare campaign against the united states. this time around, ana, they have a mega phone in the oval office. president trump's twitter feed alone, by retweeting, helps russia advance its information war fare mission against the united states. for all those reasons we are entering this election cycle, knowing what the threat involvement looks like and policymakers, mitch mcconnell in congress and president trump himself are refusing to take action to stop it. >> samantha vinograd, as always, great to have you.