dark jim crow connection. and then it was kind of used by every -- on everything by mitch mcconnell to paralyze the senate. the other half of the majority listening to the minority was that ultimately, the minority could not paralyze the senate. robert had many changes to keep the minority from paralyzing the senate. our founders said don't allow super majority to paralyze the senate because they were under super majority when they wrote the constitution so when we get-togethers and share our concerns, i think we can have the ability to restore and reinvigorate, improve the best concept of the filibuster whether they're the worst. >> senator merkley, thank you, sir. >> thank you, don. now i want to turn to adam, he is the former deputy chief of staff to harry reid and the author of the book kill switch, the rise of the modern senate. perfect person to talk about these issues. good to see you again.