Only claim to be doing something to try to school point that its not enough like you need to. Force their coming up us democrats face off in another president ial debate will talk about the candidates agenda to defeat donald trump and if any can take down the leading hopeful joe biden you just said 3 minutes ago that they would have to bargain words you said they would have to draw out of the bar you are you forgetting what you said it right its really hard for. A warm welcome to all of us around the world and on p. B. S. In the United States its great to have you with us we start the day with germanys last ditch attempt to stave off embarrassment on a global stage and little over a week at the u. N. Climate action summit brings together a signature used to the Paris Climate Accord and it is that in new york the german chancellor Angela Merkel has vowed to. On of aileron off to new measures designed to get germany back on track including billions of euros in investment to clean up the countrys transport system that is if a coalition cant agree until now political infighting has paralyzed her climate cabinet germanys environment minister says that the government should fall if Coalition Parties cannot come up with the goods speaking in Parliament Earlier this week made an appeal for action. Yes i mention that i see it as a challenge for mankind its a question of whether we as industrialized nations are prepared to do something about her fit to print in terms of resources and consumption that industrialized nations are at the forefront of overcoming this footprint as well as stopping or reducing the rise in temperatures stick with it about 2 and stick stop modes with. Macros a power base to be the climate chancellor follows a string of elections in germany and europe which show a big boost for green issues to fridays future rallies have been a key part of that sea change and today protesters kept up the pressure on merkel by forming a human chain around the chancellery tooted mond more action. And across the atlantic the teenager who started the Global Movement play to turn back let the fridays for future run in washington taking a protest to the steps of Donald Trumps white house unlike chancellor merkel the u. S. President openly doubts the science of Climate Change and is pushing a fossil fuels agenda b. W. Washington correspondent on a sonnet was at the demonstration outside the white house and sent us this. She might not have attracted records of protesters but greater tuber does get attention on her trip to the United States trying to raise awareness for Climate Change in a country where she says that some believe it but others dont want to change exactly that and her biggest appearances still lie ahead of her with more protests an invitation to testify before congress and her participation at the Climate Action summit at the United Nations. All of the salat there and joining me here in the studio this evening is miranda scheuer a professor of environment and Climate Policy good evening to you thank you very much for joining us today now we saw quite a tune in washington d. C. Today shes the son of a young woman some people have cried. With force saying im going to market in fact to you know walk the talk on Climate Policy to what extent germany dropped the ball on the environment well its absolutely right that germany in the past set really high standards and really was pushing forward on Climate Change but we saw that some of these targets werent being met so in some areas Renewable Energy chairman is really succeeded and now has about 38 percent of its electricity from renewables but on the other hand when you look at the transport sector or if you look at the building sector theres still a lot to be done in the 2020 targets that were set in the past arent being met and she said earlier why not what went wrong for germany well i think part of the problem is that the focus was too much on a single area which was the Electricity Sector and building Wind Turbines and Solar Photovoltaic cells but not enough was being done to expand public transport and particularly to deal with the problem of coal in the system lots of Carbon Dioxide emissions and transport we still have a lot of cars on the road lets pick up on that point because america is called on the private sector now to invest heavily in transport shes admitted that it can lay in task in her own words i mean is that the sense that there was the concern of losing this countrys economic motive do you think and is transport the right area to be reforming now it has to be reformed because its a 3rd of the emissions it needs to be reformed its a big part of the German Economy maybe 800000 jobs in the the transport sector directly and even more indirectly so its a hard sector to change the conventional engine is actually a job motor and so now moving over to battery cars electric cars or or Hydrogen Fuel cars will have required a lot of shifts in the entire chain of production so its a hard shift but it has to be made and if we dont make it we can expect others to. Make it either so its a shift that has been made in transport and of course in cold as well that is another key area and one of merkels Commission Set up said that they would reduce dependence on coal by i mean 2038 im not an expert but that strikes me as a little bit tonight its a phase to phase out so some of the coal fired power plants will be shut down before then but youre absolutely right 2038 when you see how quickly Global Temperatures are rising 2030 it is really very late so lets lets push it up lets make it a lot earlier and that would also help make the 2030 climate targets that are being set a little bit more manageable i mean targets the one thing what about enforcement though i mean how do you police this because you only have to take a look at germanys recent economic history folks fog and for example the emissions scandal there how do you go about making sure that people stick to their commitments well something that hasnt been really done enough in the past is to really hold each ministry and each Large Industrial sector accountable for the achievements and to take measures when theyre not meeting their goals step by step to make sure that steps are taken if they do meet them in the future but of course as we know the actions of industrial powerhouses like germany has International Consequences and ramifications especially for poor countries the world expanding deserts are not a pressing environmental issue a United Nations conference in india has been looking at how to deal with the problem which is threatening Food Supplies in many parts of the world i want to talk about that miranda off to this report from india when preached seeing looks at the fields in his village tears come to his eyes here and how young are they used to grow millet and make a good living from it today the land is bone dry in fact 30 percent of indias land is no longer usable why because of Climate Change and the leeching of fields by intensive agriculture. Yes i mean imagine charter 1000 years ago our soil was fertile but then there was less and less rain and we had to irrigate. Now the ground water has too Many Minerals in the soil is salty thats why farmers cant grow anything here anymore what do you get me a priest saying visit his cousin arrest his family and arrest was a farmer and had taken out a loan for seeds but the harvest never came the bank would no longer accept his dry farmland as collateral then last year in arrest committed suicide now his family doesnt know how to make ends meet. Yiyan that is many farmers have had to give up. Thousands of hectares of land have become infertile many families have met the state not just now russias all the farmers in the country are suffering but nobody cares. Every year 10000000 hectares of arable land are lost worldwide this is a global problem this years un conference against dessert occasion was attended by more countries than ever before indias Prime MinisterNarendra Modi promised that by 2030 his country would make 26000000 hectares of land fertile again other countries want to follow suit and experts say its high time that some countries can read. It is actually creating a disabled land is the best security and a promise for many communities that dont have access. To any land to addition would mean poverty would mean reducing income for poor communities would mean the basics of it are going to migration of. Reforestation irrigation intelligent land use the Global Community wants to reverse the earths desert if occasion by 2030 but this will cost billions. Investing on land means restoring degraded land preventing further degradation from ecosystems which we call stopping the bleeding and secondly healing the wounds and now preach sing wants to start a deserted for cation project in his village he wants farmers to sow an old plant species there should at least be able to get the salt out of the soil and make the fields fertile again but it will take a year us. Kind of policy expert miranda shreyas is still with me here in the studio i mean as we just saw in that report the situation is clearly a keep in india at times heartbreaking we saw one farmer even take his life in life but what about the situation in europe. Well we have also in europe in recent years seen more and more of big fires we have seen a loss of land weve seen droughts here in germany and germany is a country that in the past was always thought of as a rather wet country so the climate is rapidly changing and we are also pursuing agricultural practices here that are very intensive in terms of how they use the land so here too the combination of Climate Change and agricultural practices could lead to more of what were seeing in india in the future if were not careful and i think maybe we also have to year start to think more carefully about how we use our water maybe we also need to think a little bit more if there arent ways to irrigate when we do in more efficient ways and maybe we also have to rethink our entire food structures what we eat how we eat because its all interconnected it is interconnected and people you know often dismiss the fact that ecology and economy also interconnected lets talk about the money then for a minute because all the economic benefits to more responsible land use oh there are so many benefits because exactly what we saw with this this india case if the land has lost the new have lost your productive base you need that that productive land in order to be able to have farms to be able to grow crops in order to develop things so so its really critical that we think of ways to make sure that we protect the land and its also very important for biodiversity if you have healthy lands than you also are more likely to have healthy biodiversity so its a combination of losses that if we dont care for the land then in the end we are really paying a very heavy price absolutely professor marandi shires from the varian school of Public Policy thank you so much for sharing your expertise with us tonight thank you. Goes without saying that we must and will. Drop the most dangerous president in the history of this country. For we march through more we must do more. Well that might just be the one thing that the democratic president ial candidates in of the us can agree on the party has hell that its 3rd round of primaries debates in houston as part of the long process to decide who will take on President Donald Trump in the 2020 elections it was the 1st time that the leading candidates were all on one stage together and its soon became apparent that was stark ideological differences among the contenders these pictures aka of see if a. B. C. News tapes of a 1st time in needs democratic primaries front run a moderate joe biden faced his tune main challenges progressives and as of both warren and Bernie Sanders korea in the United States of america we are spending twice as much per capita on health care is the canadians or any other major country on earth this is America Europe and america so want to pay twice as much as other countries and they guarantee health care for all people we all owe a huge debt to president obama who fundamentally transformed health care in america and committed this country to help you thank you. And now the question is how best can we improve on it and i believe the best way we can do that is we make sure that everybody gets covered by health care or support but it did they took place in texas a buddhist state to Mass Shootings have taken place this summer alone and i wonder then that alongside Health Care Immigration and gun control dominated thats about some lower polling candidates to come to for your co yes were going to take your 15 great reporting thank you had thank you. But i will leave change on this issue because i have seen cornish creates in communities like mine i think we have to compete for talent and i am the opposite of donald trump in many ways he says build a wall im going to say to immigrants come to america because if you come here your son or daughter can run for President Committee the top 10 Democratic Candidates took part thursday night twice that number remain in the field the race is still young but if the democrats are to win against President Trump in 2020 they will need to find a clear on such as the question of what exactly the party stands for. Differences present. And to take a look at how the field is shaping up the standout issues i want to bring in tyson baka now fellow at the Truman National security project. Good to see you tyson to be here now the state just. Adding a little bit less cottage shrinking its getting a bit more serious to that change the debate i mean i think that there were some clarity there was some clarification particularly around you know the progressives versus the moderates on health care and you know this is really the issue that is symbolic is frayed symbolism for so Many Democrats because of as we saw in the Midterm Elections and 28 team what really was the motivating factor for people to come out to vote number one issue was health care right people felt that they health care was under threat that obamacare was under threat the threat persists they see Rising Health care costs this can bankrupt families this is really a Major Economic issue so drawing those kind of ideological contrast here is really where were seeing real real play out here vision as well as in the Democratic Party indeed i mean it was a marathon of a debate 3 hours talking about health but also other issues like guns race education as well and i sort of wonder what that says about where the country needs to go because you know you presume that the candidates are trying to. The voters concerns right well i mean clearly what the but lets be honest what theyre trying to do is answer democrats concern and and a lot of these issues that you just mentioned Health Care EducationJustice Social justice generational justice are all somewhat proxies for Economic Issues so people what theyre doing is saying what are our anxieties what kind of social anxieties are we bringing to our relationship with our state and with each other and those are a lot of Economic Issues but nobody really see which trade on and talked about the economy itself and that is really done from strikes so to miss talking about the economy and how its not working for everyone is probably a price youre not its a blind spot and there are actually candidates clearly Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders who have tended to make this the kind of ideological fault line between the democrats and republicans in previous elections so well probably see that come up in future debates i want to touch a little bit more on the ideological fault line then again all of health care then because it certainly i mean spoke to face this clashes right i mean lets take a listen to an exchange between Bernie Sanders and joe biden on the issue and then i want to get your take on it or. In the United States of america we are spending twice as much per capita on health care its the canadians or any other major country on earth is america you know but americans dont want to pay twice as much i thought that countries so that were told there from joe biden was interesting this is america i wonder if you think that will go to theas and do you think that health care could actually become essential voting issue in a way for example that has in european elections i think it will undoubtedly be a central issue i mean anybody wh