Artificial intelligence is making rapid strides theres talk of a new evolution that could fundamentally change life on our planet. Artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionize every aspect of daily life work mobility medicine the economy and communication. But will ai really make medicine better and doctors superfluous when will self driving cars hit our roads. Will intelligent robots usurp our jobs and only heading for a dystopia with no privacy and total surveillance. What exactly is Artificial Intelligence and how much can it really do. What will change and what will remain pure fantasy. To answer these questions we embarked on an exciting journey to meet the scientists working on our future. In the u. S. Britain germany and china. Our 1st stop Silicon Valley in California Apple google and facebook all have their headquarters here its the epicenter of the digital revolution. The Tech Industry has changed the face of the San Francisco bay area new start up companies launch every day rents have exploded in Artificial Intelligence is the buzz word. A new type of supermarket recently opened its doors here. Amazon go. All you need here is an app. Hold your mobile phone to the scanner and youre in. Has leonarda shows me amazons new menus and explains that the language assistant alexa can help with the preparation at home im under constant surveillance. Which shelf do i stop at. Which products am i interested in. On the ceiling sensors and cameras. Intelligent Image Recognition captures my every move whats my take off the shelf what do i put back and what do i take with me. This branch is still in its test phase but amazon plans to open 50 such Grocery Stores this year alone. The end of the Sales Assistant just walk out. No more standing in line no cashiers. I feel a bit like a shoplifter as i leave. Comfort at the cost of privacy. My receipt. One block away the robot cafe. Another test lamp for the future. Order by an app and touchscreen. The increasingly ubiquitous tools of trade. My 1st ever cup of coffee served by a robot. So this is the taste of the future. A i will change our Shopping Experience but what will happen to employees. Stanford university is at the forefront of Global Ai Research with an annual budget of 6500000000. 00. I want to know how will Artificial Intelligence change medicine. Researchers here have developed an Artificial Intelligence algorithm that can screen x. Rays for certain diseases. Computer scientists promise of raj poor car shows me how easy it is to use take a picture of an x. Ray with your mobile phone upload the image and a few seconds later you get the diagnosis. Has some mass and its saying this thing over here is a possibly a cancerous lesion and i can see that right over here ok so it gives me have a look at it now probability for. The knowledge you will be doing a fusion and that the. Yeah now a home test this work i mean how did you get to the point we started with a large data set of chess and for this which released by the end i am piece from pain from x. Rays and then also labels of different befall g. s and whether they existed and those extra so it might say ok heres an animation on this imagine i have pathology 12. 00 and 3. 00 and we have 100000 of these images. So we train a model that can take an as an input an x. Ray and then ill put the probability of several different pathology is on this x. Ray. Artificial intelligence is modeled on the human brain a Gigantic Network of almost 100000000000 interconnected neurons. Put in very simple terms this is how a brain cell works incoming impulses are passed in a domino effect from one neuron to the next. The resulting circuit connects the neurons and it is this circuit that Artificial Intelligence tries to simulate as a digital neural network. Like our brains the network can learn how to identify tuberculosis for instance. First the Network Needs to be trained or taught x. Rays of tuberculosis patients are fed to the system. Initially it struggles to correctly identify the condition. But every time an x. Ray is fed in the Network Structure is adapted and its diagnostic ability improves. It takes thousands and thousands of Clinical Data sets to train the machine. Only after the network is optimized in this way. It correctly identify an unknown x. Ray. But how accurate is Artificial Intelligence compared to a doctors expertise. We have actually done this test twice at this point once with a set of studies. And i state a set that we had a radiologist label and then we compare the accuracy of the model to the radiologists and we found that they were very similar in terms of accuracy on most pathologies on one of them the model was performing the radiologist not the radiologist were flying the model and then we repeated the experiment this time using a dataset from stanford which we recently released which is 200000 chest x. Rays and then we had a similar set up where we had subspecialty radiologists these are very uncommon very trained radiologists to decide what the ground truth for a particular set of images was and then we compared general radiologist to the algorithm at the task and found that they had similar levels of formants so these are all stanford radiologists and so theyre that theyre trained should be good you have the. Reading x. Rays accurately is a complicated process but Artificial Intelligence is making fast progress. When it comes to identifying and recognizing simple images computers have surpassed human accuracy. Now if you look at your picture its always probabilities so there are cases where the machine is not really sure what what would be sort of a clear decision to say ok this is i dont know pneumonia or Something Else i think i mean i think its good to talk in terms of probabilities because probabilities also give us a sense of. How the models uncertainty on that particular problem. I think one difficulty with probabilities is that it does make it hard for human strength target and what is a probability of 88 percent persons 92 percent i mean in terms of the decision i should make in the clinic and so i think in that sense one of the things that we could experiment with doing in the future is rather than showing probabilities that are so fine grained maybe we can show things like unlikely or this pathology is likely or this pathology is. A possible. In health care Artificial Intelligence this power in a revolution scientists are using Artificial Intelligence algorithms to sift through seemingly banal data such as the up and down motion of the steps we take every day. Theyre looking for conspicuous patterns that could serve as Early Warning signs of disease. Scientists in the english city of birmingham are working on a revolutionary diagnostic method. To date there are no specific tests to detect parkinsons disease making diagnosis difficult. Ai could change that max little is a mathematician at Aston University 5. Just voice changes can be an early indicator of parkinsons max and his team collected thousands of vocal recordings and fed them to an algorithm they developed which learned to detect differences in voice patterns between people with and without the condition. In a lab based study of the recordings the algorithm was able to correctly identify a parkinsons diagnosis nearly 99 percent of the time. Max littles work is an example of the far reaching changes ai is bringing to the field of medicine its no longer just doctors who are using Artificial Intelligence to develop new diagnostic methods but data scientists programmers and mathematicians like max. 5 1 example when a person walks sensors in their smartphone register the up and down motion of their gait. But what information can be gleaned from such data. If we measured a pattern of someones walking behavior then someone who is healthy might have we might measure the x. Or to look like that ok so its just the sort of move you would have if you had the hips going up and down very quickly with only that pace. But if you looked at somebody or parkinsons disease they may have small steps like this and they may be irregular or they may have patterns like that they may even freeze a stoplight so you you can see that theres a lot of different theres a difference so you can also now train an algorithm for instance to pick out features like what is the distance between the time distance between these these peaks and you can also do the same with this very precisely and by doing so we may be able to measure for instance here that as large variability between these the advantage of the algorithm really comes when. The for instance you might have somebody who is say who measures a pattern which looks like this and it might just be one small chain so the. Very very maybe not like that but sort of you know some very small variation thats right in the in the sequence of these in the timing of these these events even to a professional eye because they dont have the level of precision they may not be able to detect that this is outside of the range of variation but of course an algorithm connected to a put High Precision sensor. Will will be able to determine a difference and in this case this person here may in fact have a precursor symptom of the disease so this would mean that this person. With the help of an algorithm could be diagnosed as. Having parkinson whereas the doctor himself would make him out. That could for the 1st time make it possible to detect precursor symptoms of parkinsons and enable early intervention. But what else does the data on our smartphones reveal. Right now when you have already apps tracking your a so called activity yeah so in fact that. Might be already there well the data potentially could be there thats right but there are ethics about whether we collect that kind of data and use it for these sorts of purposes clearly we cant just collect this data. And start diagnosing people which we should not know absolutely rescored we could but we really wouldnt want to and there are very good reasons not to do it and that there may be good reasons for doing it as well but thats the kind of thing that needs to be worked through in a proper regulated setting. After our interview max little tells me hes received several lucrative offers to join tech giants who smell new business opportunities. He turned them down. Artificial intelligence will undoubtedly improve doctors abilities to detect and diagnose disease. But amid all the opportunities ai offers theres an urgent need for regulation. We are on our way to china a country that has experienced breathtaking change in recent years. Its Capital Beijing is buzzing. The whole country is hungry for progress and is on a fast track to the future. Time seems to move faster here by the year 2030 china aims to be the Global Leader in the field of Artificial Intelligence. And theres a lot to indicate it will meet that goal because the government has bankrolled subsidy programs worth billions of euros. These robots arent assembling cars theyre the big attraction in beijing latest smart restaurant. They are in the kitchen. And automated waiters. I have a meeting here with a design researcher and. A former internet ambassador for the German Government shes currently spending a research semester at Tonga University in shanghai i asked her about her impressions of china. Is that we want to time this is real hunger in the city and its super fun to talk to young people because they want to be the most of change they work day and night they have a new Work Life Balance model its called 996996 i thought what do you mean 96 and they said we work from 9 am to 9 pm 6 days a week. And thats the better model now because they used to just work nonstop. But no ones stopping no ones hitting the brakes they work like crazy because they want to bring about change as it is less of this restaurant cost 20000000. 00 which is the one restaurant i. Live invested this huge sun to digitize the entire operation with you as an artist robot serving the food the whole kitchen is digitized refrigeration is monitored supply chains are monitored there are dashboards for Everything Everything is connected here and thats where theyre testing what works and which aspects can be implemented in other restaurants of this chain of thought is a thats the idea here to just try things and to think big thing is is a cause. I know. I hear. From. Them so ill just help myself if i may. Be how. Sincere. But what about privacy. Isnt as bad as they seem to be a tradeoff between security and privacy on you often hear her ai has increased Public Safety for instance that is because it is surveillance cameras have dramatically increased the crime solving right. Its hard for us to relate to because privacy and personal rights are so important for germany. But here theres a different tradition and take on the issue of how its one thats all. Im fascinated by china but it also puzzles me. How can we be reconciled the high civilization of ancient china and the modern industrial state with surveillance cameras everywhere. Along the Garden District in shenzhen. In the heart of chinas booming economic region north of hong kong we visit the smart city control center. But giant monitor displays the data of the entire district in real time. Numbers of new residents by neighborhood to plan schools water supply levels power outages. All this information is collected compiled and evaluated using Artificial Intelligence. The showcase project was developed with chinese tech giant huawei chief engineer chen bontoc tells me the city now operates more efficiently. Ok stuff so what youre doing here is urban planning. But yes the systems are a big help to the good of life. Doesnt move these are hospital beds. Woman right now there are 15000. 00 doctors and nurses. And 7600 beds. So shenzhen currently healthy or sick. A Smart Surveillance system scans the entire city illegal structures like this one on a roof are quickly identified and demolished. To mean some of this feels like a backdrop to a Science Fiction movie. Employees with Live Streaming body cams inspect side streets. This is total surveillance. Chen shows me how cameras installed in restaurant kitchens even keep tabs on cleanliness. But doesnt the chef mind being monitored all the time. To play the role of do the system logs all the people who view the images anyone who looks at them without permission is punished. Between ingenue total transparency for the purpose of progress chen says residents of long gone district approved. Jaywalking is not allowed in offenders are immediately identified. Look here you jaywalk once and right away your social credit score drops and. This degree of surveillance is unthinkable in the west but here in china they take a different view and say its driven a drop in crime. Thats what does it say here may owe it to you without klauss usual to. You yet if yes suddenly youre a youth at home if you know me i love chinese facial recognition. Youve. A Transparent Society in the interim. Of efficiency. Some of this appears useful but do we really want to measure control and analyze everything just because its technically possible. Wont that inevitably lead us down a road to down a dictatorship. Maybe trust is better than smart control. Silicon valley a synonym for innovation and unlimited freedom. The biggest players in the field of ai are based here. But their headquarters are hidden behind in conspicuous low rise buildings. Facebook we use their services in trust them with our data but the company is impervious to the public. The selfie at the entrance gate is just about tolerated. Next door at apple the Visitor Center is 3 d. Model of the campus is as close as non employees can get to the new building. Whats going on inside. Its all confidential. We want to visit google here in california and requested an interview weeks before our arrival. But all we get are stalling tactics. Like these visitors google leaves us out in the cold. Apart from a small store this is the only visitor highlight accessible to the public. These android long statues are even a designated location on google maps. Welcome to google. I know its envisage a day of absolute to face the east and its a question best on that schiff is moot the European Union handing google a 2700000000. 00 anti trust find. These companies command growing power over our daily lives and growing political influence google spends more than 6000000 euros a year lobbying brussels alone the e use transparency register lists more than 200 meetings with google representative since 2014. Google is the busiest lobbyist in brussels. We finally get our interview not in california but in munich germany. With one of the longest serving employees yes. How important is ai for google. Is for ai is so important to us that 2 years ago we rebranded our entire Research Division to google a on this at a i drives a significant part of our Product Development. Above all that drives a significant part of our efforts to improve the quality of our products. Take Machine Translation through the use of machine algorithm process that weve seen faster progress over