Its still not clear who is responsible. And. Is collecting elephant dung in south africa. To make a green tests often taken the tonic and this is a pleasure and. Great to have your company. Festivities have kicked off here in germany to mark the fall of the berlin wall 30 years ago on november the 9th 989. 00 is chimneys communist regime lifted travel restrictions on its citizens leaving them free to travel to the west for the 1st time in nearly 30 yes all this week events that taking place across the capital to mock the moment that changed history. History flashed before their eyes as thousands returned to polands iconic alexanderplatz to mark their moment that would help change the city and the country forever. We want to make it possible to relive what happened back then and also the developments since then the road 1000. 00 being smooth over the last 30 years but we succeeded at something we can live together without a wall in peace and freedom in feeding on fire on november 4th 1909 more than half a 1000000 protesters descended on the square staging what would become the largest demonstration in the history of east germany led by some of its most prominent intellectuals they rose up to demand more freedom. This is. This is if someone has pushed open the window. After years of intellectual economic and political stock a nation. Trough 3. Years reeking of apathy 4 years of double speak and bureaucratic despotism. What you will cut short is. The communist regime had rapidly and publicly lost all support but even then no one predicted that just 5 days later the berlin wall would fall. This week the spirit of the peaceful revolution once more lights up the city like this giant wave of colorful streamers at the Brandenburg Gate carrying messages of hope for the future written by germans. Over the coming days the city will celebrate the anniversary with more than 200. 00 events exhibitions and artworks culminating with the ceremony at the berlin wall memorial on saturday. Joining me now is a key lead the u. S. Team in the negotiations that brought about the reunification of germany after the fall of the bun and warned of a war will continue this is the only fully supported me whats going through your mind as we approach this historic an imbecile may well theres a rush of memories about the the people of britain in the people of east germany and the excitement of west germany but also the part that i was involved with was to try to deal with the International Context you had the challenges of the old for power rights after work to you had 380000 soviet troops so the challenge at that time was how to mesh what was happening on the ground with the International Politics and we come to that challenge in just a moment for many of the form of the burman war it came as a complete and utter surprise did you see it coming you could start to tell an 89 that there was a movement to gorbachev and open possibilities the east german regime was shaky the exact addiction know when a wall would open was an accidental event of course so no one knew that for sure but you could tell that the ground was shaking. A youtube dot in the negotiations leading to germanys reunification the socalled 2 plus 4 talks what was the most crucial part of that process and the challenges that you talked about. Well while people in berlin understandably and people across germany are focused on uniting of people from the east and west what has to keep in mind this was occurring in a larger context of stirrings in the rest of central and Eastern Europe changes in the soviet union and so one had to embed the unification of germany within the unification of europe and the key aspect of cliff do go ahead to go ahead to say so the key aspect of that was the success of the federal public of germany over 40 years and cold war had been its link to european integration and the Transatlantic Community through nato so at the same time we wanted to try to support germans and keep the promise for unification we want to do it in a way that would also reassured neighbors both east and west and so that the challenge was how to integrate it with what became the European Union and to keep a united germany in nato that wasnt so easy given the history of this old what cold war with the soviet union i dont want that or this clear to us governments that germany should be and could be of united one day well that was the wonderful part the United States said had a promise to the german people youd side in the berlin airlift in 4849 you saw it with the opening of the wall in 61 and kennedys coming but the exact prediction of what could happen no one could know president bush actually in may so well 5 months before started to talk about the possibility of german unification so there was an interest in trying to support an ally but also do it in a way that build a future partnership and this is that it touches after the fall of the berlin wall which this still is some degree of ambiguity about beautification especially in full my east germany what is your assessment. Well i know if you could see it at the time there was going to take at least a generation of change i actually drove through the eastern vendor in 1902 with my wife just to get a feel for feelings on the ground i knew a lot of the young people sort of came to the west but i guess one way of thinking about this in International Context is compared with the people of hong kong or the people of syria this was a movement on the ground but fortunately it had the support of its International Partners and it creates an opportunity for people for the future so you know history never is totally solved theres no end to history one has to keep working on these issues but it create an opportunity for the people of germany but equally important the people of europe and the connection in the Transatlantic Community robinson to thank you very much for talking to debby on this important anniversary as the approach the 30th anniversary of the fall of the wall great to have your insights and your perspective congratulations now one of the most dreaded aspects of life in communist east germany was the secret police the stasi it spied on thousands of citizens many had no idea what information the stasi had gathered about them until years later when if im still made available to the public he caught up to 2 women whose lives were changed by the stasi and who still feel effects today. Visit the building where they used to live. When the 2 secretaries lived here in the younger years spies from the stasi used them as secret police most of them through the kitchen window. But then the tree was smaller. You see people from the stasi standing there no as for me i just recently read about it. We never would have thought of such a thing. No i dont think so either. They read about it in the stasi files a couple of 100 pages of intercepted letters private mail and official correspondence and most of all reports from spies including the layout of your loan as aber and zuko all files flat. At 7 am on april 30th 1980 observation of residence was undertaken to this kitchen light was on and the window was half open and about 15 minutes later the light was turned off and say about left the flat alone she walked in the direction of the summer he touched us a subway station and zoom on how someone looked into my life and i had no idea about it this is made me feel very uncomfortable for years i didnt want to have anything to do with it i didnt even want to read the file. This is whats there. But i have to live with it. In my experience you always get through life better if you can live with the situation. With. It. They wanted to leave east germany they had applied for exit reasons it was here that they were subjected to hours of interrogation they never wanted to set foot in this place again well lets just go and you have to go back to the place of horror. But i have a really bad bodily feeling really bad i could just cry then do it. Now. To this day they feel humiliated by the tone used in the interrogations. If here. This is. So is a greeting it was like can see right away that your slant not only is out of the you better watch out dont even cross the street the wrong way we are everywhere just huge threats with. That was more than 30 years ago on the anniversary of the fall of the berlin wall the stasi Documentation Authority made the files accessible fallen below is able to speak publicly about what happened there explain to young germans why they risked their lives to leave east germany. I wanted out and i didnt want anyone to tell me who has the right to decide where i live even if it were social or whatever but we didnt want that and at that age youre also brave enough to do it as much as most doesnt even know somehow never getting out or only to a couple of countries that it was decided i could go to i never agreed to that i had said before that i wasnt happy with that and then i thought you know i just want out of here i want freedom which meant if i had but at some stage it all petered out both women withdrew their exit visa applications or former pastor and that allowed her to travel alone as a but had a baby and was allowed to go to the west after all. And all of this week we had been you special coverage and reports on the events which led to the fall of the berlin wall 30 years ago as well as stories of individuals as we just heard. That may not bring you up to date some of the stories making news around the world firefighters in Lagos Nigeria are battling a fire at a huge market shopkeepers have been throwing goods from upper floors and trying to battle the flames while fire engines struggled to reach the scene theres no confirmation as yet on the number of casualties or the cause of the blaze. The European Court of justice is ruled that poland broke e. U. Law by lowering the retirement age of judges the European Commission had challenge the polish law alleging it undermined the judiciarys independence the polish government can now appoint its own choice of judges to phase those who have retired. Irans president Hassan Rouhani says this country is to take another step towards a violating the 2015 in the deal that limited its Nuclear Program technicians will begin injecting gas at centrifuges that enrich uranium iran started backing away from the deal after the us been jew and imposed sanctions. Are turning out to brazil where Authorities Say in oil spill off the northeast coast is one of the biggest environmental disasters ever to hit the country always been washing up for months now with very few 300. 00 beaches hit but president. Has warned the was is yet to come. Its one of the worst oil spills in brazils history but one thats hard to fully assess from the air or by satellite brazilian Authorities Say its impossible to tell how much oil is likely to come ashore and no ones sure whos responsible brazilian president says its the fault of a greek flagged oil tanker and hes asked interpol to investigate but also now are removed environmental safeguards so they say stablish. Executive order in april got rid of several 100 of those committees in all for their work. And one of those committees was exactly the committee to deal with. Oil spills now brazils coastal ecosystems its beaches coral a marine life have been devastated. There are hidden by sea life wont be able to flourish and grow like its always been able to and it affects the food chain its a community of land and sea species here this is a disaster that this oil cannot be allowed to remain. The cleanup effort is enormous including government authorities the military and thousands of volunteers because it has to be over 300. 00 beaches along 2000 kilometers of coastline must be cleared of crude oil. But wouldnt you know this disaster with this kind of oil that cant be detected by satellite has never happened before in brazil or in fact anywhere in the world or. Brazil now has multiple environmental disasters playing out at once in the amazon a burst toxic mining dam. And now this. Im now joined by dan reporting for the Associated Press in the end do we dont know about where this oil is coming from and why interpol is now getting involved in this incident yes. So resilience there it is investigated for 2 months they looked into dozens of vessel that had been maybe getting close to the coast around brazil coaster around july and august and for no good no. I mean it was basically an oil we didnt know where it came from and a few days ago police said that it came from a greek cargo and they believe that the tankers kill so many crew some 700 kilometers up the brazilian coast between 28 and 20 next july. But the sheeple america tonight can so prison authorities request the preparation for an International Agencies such as interpol to help with this investigation into the ship that also the crew and the pump. As you think pictures he took us are helping with the clean up what look at it tell us about the spot take action. So since the very beginning said it would be around september 2nd when oil started the washing up on the. Shore. Locals it once years have played a very Important Role and in the cleanup you know they have been the ones running up their sleeves and taking it on themselves to the beaches because they know you know they depend on this and its for tourism and so they have been very crucial in teaming up and not always using her material and protection so we have seen reports of some people feeling nauseous and having headaches and you would think skin because theyve been working all day you know they got today on cleaning up or and sometimes up close. And sometimes that stepping outside for the for the government who is kind of you know slow to to respond in fact talking about the government is this president general sanaa who has come under fire for his handling of this situation what will can tell us about that and how damaging is this oil spill if a visit. So some some say it was the problem was that it was too late till too late and a lot of people have been criticizing the governments slow response at 1st then they sent a military and then they send it you know back up to 5000 military members who are you know available to help. But its pretty extended of one of the big problem is that both in our dismantled when he came to power in april many comments is that used to counsel governments on different issues from culture to health to the environment and some of those commitments 2 of them were actually said down and they were actually part of the National Emergency plan for old bills and was the nation so this is not good for the government right to day and i should take in via the general thank you very much for the update from that. And we see in south america tens of thousands of people have again taken to the streets of the chilean capital santiago to demand Better Social Services and to inequality the demonstrations began last month after the government announced a hike in some way fares the government accuses the protesters of damaging the economy but critics say too few chileans are benefiting from the countrys 1st that a tear. Gas and water cannon tensions once again fled into violent clashes between police and protesters in santiago. The demonstrations have entered the 3rd week of a metro fares has grown into protests over income inequality and poor public services. Clashes between police and protesters have left 20 people dead the governments response is im good for those demanding change. Where protesting against the system in general above all against the problems in the neoliberal system here in chile weve reached a crisis and have noticed that the system cannot handle it anymore you know without my i actually was considered a latin american Success Story but Economic Growth has been accompanied by rising inequality and in social spending. Thousands took to the streets on monday to protest against the Pension System they say is leaving people short changed. You would argue this government wants to maintain the current Pension System. For us this is insulting its a provocation and thats why people are so angry. Theres rally to highlight student debt which is crippling the finances of university graduates. Not being able to pay and having to do without things to save money and its never ending in a source of distress. Fueled by a sense of injustice the protests show no sign of abating. On the just stick animals like this elephant produce huge amounts of something thats equally majestic but not quite so nice now elephant dung is used for many things from fertilizers to fuel but no cattle in south africa has found a new and novel use for it as a correspondent in krishna reports. Les im still a is always good to see peoples reactions while preparing is didnt a stick after all and louvel is no ordinary gin its flavored with elephants. Oh. Yeah it is a little bit funny to think that was elephant dung but its its good surprisingly good. If you didnt expect so you know. What makes me relax or feel better about it is all the alcohol that serialize or whatever that was inside the down side doesnt really make a big difference to me it tastes good. Less and slowly and his wife give a special ingredients for their gin in south africa with the scope. And there is some danger involved a pride of lions watch this with bated breath by. The 2 former academics came up with the idea while i know theyre in business. Terms of grass and leaves is love is a very protected call its because the elephants are all this amazing food and they digest so little and the rest of their food has just passed through their digestive system very quickly and ends up on the field floor indeed the dung doesnt smell to bat. Still the pocket rangers are just getting used to seeing people collect elephant feces. Still for your little bit with elected dog. Oh. Yes yes. We collected about just over 3 of the size bags. And this will be. What we have bought. 4000. 00 bottles 6 ounce bottles will have to get out of. The elephant feces get washed and dry to the workshop then it gets steeped in gin for 24 hours just like it back to find a product as a premium gin for more than 30 euros per bottle its a clear success for the gin distillers its