Is called spectrum if you would like any information on the chrono larysa or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast you can get it wherever you get your podcast you can also find us at twitter dot com one slash 2 science. We need to develop a vaccine. We need to produce it. And to blow it in every single corner of the world. Its a race against time theres little chance of beating the coronavirus without a vaccine but when will it be ready. Scientists across the world a wedding around the clock to develop one from china to the United States germany and britain new technologies are helping speed things up more than 100 potential vaccines are in development some are already at an advanced stage and are being tested on volunteers. The pace may be unprecedented but theres still a long way to go in the battle against the outbreak. Welcome to the night in special and e. W. News im monica jones thanks for joining us the world is waiting for a vaccine in a moment well talk to the internationally renowned medical researcher Jeremy Farrar but 1st an update on where we stand. Around the world more than 100 projects have been norge to develop a vaccine against the novel coronavirus. But its still far from clear which counted it will succeed. To. Be here and was the 1st German Company to be approved for clinical trials. The 200 Healthy Volunteers taking part in the trial are receiving whats known as a gene based vaccine this type of vaccine introduces genetic material r. N. A. From the pathogen into the body the r. N. A. Tells the bodys cells to recreate a known to seize causing caution of the virus come to gyms these antigens that spark the immune system into creating antibodies that fight against the real culprit 19. The Biotech Company cure fact based in southwestern germany is also working on a vaccine like this amazingly just one gram of the active ingredient could be used to create a 1000000 vaccine doses. We think this r. N. A. Technology will provide a very good and fast solution. The 2 companies were hoping to put their vaccine on the market this year but theyre more likely need a year to a year and a half. Chinese is meanwhile creating an inactivated vaccine. Using this more than 100 year old method the viruses a simply killed and introduced into the body. The danger here is that the immune system can overreact so much that it kills the person. But experiments on my some monkeys have shown that this waxing can be a very successful and effective solution its now being tested on humans as well. The advantage of an inductive ated roxanne is that its extremely simple to produce and can be done in almost any country. As he met you case Oxford University is hoping to have a vaccine ready by september 2020 they opted for a 3rd method lifelike scenes with fire over act as. This method uses a different homeless virus as a vehicle. To fight so that the surface imitates the typical structure of the current environment it spikes when the virus disguised in this way is administered the immune system forms to use the but also fight the 19. Over no one knows if the u. K. s active ingredient even whats yes a company in india has already started mass producing. And internationally renowned medical research jeremy for us a very good to have you on the show starting on an optimistic note when do you expect well have a vaccine ready. Being optimistic i would say well have a vaccine that we believe to be safe and which were starting to see evidence it we hope would be protective i would hope we would have 1000 in the in the in the 4th quarter of 2020 but ill tell you the start because having a vaccine at that stage is not enough to vaccinate everybody all over the world and thats where we need to work to do so so that is going to take a few months later and we need to do all of these things in parallel rather than all in sequence together as quickly as we can too often it seems to the world right you mention a very sensitive point there because lets say that we do get a vaccine this year who is going to be in charge of distributing it and how can we ensure that that will be fair. Thats a great question and if course if it has to be fair we we have to believe in a world which is equitable and which access to this vaccine because this pandemic is affecting the whole world that this access to that to any vaccine is not determined by any of our abilities to pay for it it isnt right its not fair its not equitable its not the sort of world we want to live in so making a vaccine available to everybody wherever they are is the crucial element here and pay tribute to the German Government in this in the a supporter set the which is driving this process but also the World Health Organization who have made it very clear that having a vaccine for the rich world is not enough and its not its not good enough we have to commit having a vaccine for the world right and the European Union certainly says that we need a Global Response to the pandemic theres even an event coming up next week how do we get everyone on the same page. Its difficult to get everybody in the same page its difficult at the best of times but of course as Everybody Knows were living in very tense geopolitical times at the moment again the European Values the values of solidarity in the values of equity and the values of a sense of fairness are absolutely critical here and and the role the European Commission has played alongside germany alongside france alongside many of the year in nations as well as very strongly argued for not just the science not just the development not just the manufacturing of the sex scenes but the were absolutely committed to making this available globally and and the leadership from the European Commission on this has been has been the reason were going to be having this pledging conference next week it will not have happened without leadership right and its also of course about funding you yourself say that the world needs at least 8000000000. 00 to get the crisis under control now weve seen huge stimulus packages aim to boost economies worth trillions of dollars so 8000000000. 00 cant be such a big problem can it. It isnt i mean the latest figure i heard at the weekend when joining a group of economists and people from the federal reserves and Central Banks was the world is losing somewhere in the region of about 200000000000 euros dollars a week. Just played out across the whole world and played out for just the 3 or 4 months that weve already been through let alone the continued destruction Going Forward the investment of 8000000000. 00 there which is just the start that will not get us to a vaccine to everybody in the world but it will get as to the next critical stage which is doing the research and the manufacturing of those early vaccines is a tiny amount of money i can imagine a better investment at the moment and putting that money into science in order to develop both that the vaccines and the therapy 6. 00 when were losing the world is losing 200000000000 dollars a week so 8000000000. 00 to get her out of this pandemic would be one of the best investments the world has ever made and its now we started this on a positive note lets get a bit more realistic perhaps what happens if we fail to get a vaccine anytime soon. Well thats why this this conference is so important because its not just concentrating on vaccines its vaccines its diagnostics and its also drugs and therapeutics we need all 3 i was a Junior Doctor the start of the hiv epidemic and many people start talks in the late 1980 s. About how back scene for a child being was going to change the world and indeed it would but some 30 or 40 years later we dont have a vaccine for a child indeed we dont have a vaccine for tuberculosis or malaria either and yet actually through good diagnostics through Good Health Systems through Good Public Health and through having good drugs weve been able to keep the horrible condemn excessive h. I. B. Tb and malaria although we havent finished those pandemics weve we have made great progress in bringing them under control so there is no single magic bullet here there is its not all about axioms its not all about like not so its not all of our drugs its about all of those and also social sciences that brings it all together we would be unwise to put everything into the vaccine can and not also produce the drugs and diagnostics that are required that said to me far are there thank you so much for your time and for your input thank you very much. Time for some of your questions now and today focusing on animals science editor derek williams. Can the corona virus spread in animals. Yes corona viruses are what are sometimes described as being pretty promiscuous and theres every indication that the pathogen that causes of it 19 originated in bats and possibly jumped from there to another intermediate species before jumping on to humans we now know that different species of felines can also get it and transmit it to each other its clear that we can give the virus to other animals but its not yet clear whether or not at least our domesticated animals can give it to us and. What should i do 1st when i come back from walking my dog i cant bathe him daily. And previous epidemics involving related coronaviruses like sars dogs owned by people who had become sick didnt grow sick themselves or transmit the virus to other humans that seems to be holding true for covert 19 as well as to the question of whether sars cove 2 could stick to your dogs fur that also appears to be fairly low risk as as here is poor us which will tend to absorb and trap any virus that said when youre outside with your animal the same social distancing rules should really apply to them as applied to. Now until theres a vaccine the social distancing is key to keeping the pandemic under control thats tough around National Holidays so the swedish city alone. Came up with a creative measure up authorities covered the central park with chicken dung tens of thousands of swedes usually gathered there to celebrate purgason nights but not this year after the council spread a ton of the stinking menu on the wards the perfect deterrent. And i was out in 1000. 00 special for today thanks for watching. They sound in time sing but are a drain on Natural Resources guitars made of african and many. Forest across the region are threatened the american guitar builder is taking responsibility for. Financing have any recourse station in cameroon. Cote africa. Next on t. W. Hey listen oh. Thats what a video game music sounded like 30 years ago. Todays tracks take the experience to another level a science to him talk composer nobuo uematsu. Featured in many well known pieces his music is bent on to give you clues comes sounds good. Video game music on g. W. Discover your concept discover it with the come out. Of school oh after 100 lives the ideals of the bombs are more relevant today than. A well. Balanced people understood it is a way of shaping the. Small 3 part documentary starts many on t. W. 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