What new findings have researchers and. Information and backgrounds. Look around up to. Code 19 special. Monday to friday on d w a n. Presents talk thank you negotiated last parts of the german reunification contract in fact he wrote quite a significant chunk of it when you look around now 3 decades on is this what you expected my. Notebook beer but where in the world has anyone ever been able to imagine what is going to happen when you go to a years time. Transamerica india says listen if you look at europe from the perspective of the year 914 that was the era of those who sleepwalked into world war 130 years after event was 944. And in these past 30 years to germany like the whole world was totally transformed. And also there is no longer a leading world pound the defining of this world order for some time the United States of america appeared to be almost the only remaining superpower but the world has become more diverse we could never have imagined it that way then how the east west conflict would come to an end but then it did in the miraculous leave without war without the deaths or with almost no deaths and yet that hasnt made the world a safer place instead we see that wars are possible once again only a few years later in the middle of your spirit no no you mentioned the United States there are you concerned that the us is withdrawing that no no longer wants to define the order of the world and so beautifully starkly mind no i wouldnt say that. I mean we europeans for all of us over the fortunate developments of the postwar era alternative at least for western and central europeans less so for Eastern Europeans who had a tougher time well these changes to the fact that the americans learned a lesson from the 1st world war as the period between the wars 3 namely the stabilize europe to prevent a repetition of the sea on. I mean. Who or to the matter. No the world has totally changed which is why the chancellor was correct in 2017 when she said we will need to take on a greater share of responsibility for our own security. But i hope that in the future we will continue to share common values the basic principles of Human Dignity democracy freedom the rule of law and i hope also ecological sustainability and social justice these are the common values a good way. To try to get by and havent we had to dismiss. The underside of fundamentally distinguish us as fundamentally for example from the very successful chinese model which today does hold Great Attraction but not the price of total control of the whole of economic social and political life and thats not our vision of how to live on this is that he wants a force of them thats why we must try to demonstrate the superiority of the macaulays full balance based on ecological sustainability geo political stability and the principles of western palate is a step in the tate production all of them principally and he addressed. To perverseness. We europeans cannot do that alone but we need to take the greater share more we take on responsibility and relevance in economic political military really the more we will influence debate also in america because of where relevant we play as a larger role than if were not invented relevance in spirit it was. The search that indeed many were concerned 30 years ago that many are united could be too strong now many are calling for more leadership many and certainly being too cautious than. I dont. Find it stagnant about this fear of a stronger germany got the situation was a shit and all complicated there were of course very understandable instances in western europe and british Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was known to have searched and searched the Immediate Reaction from france one meter or was similar of falls within the 1st few weeks after the fall of the berlin wall and most reliable supporting of europe for chancellor kohl would have actually came from the then spanish Prime Minister gonzales otherwise most of them were a bit cautious. Yeah its true quite. So quite by surprise this. They were wondering what it would mean for years after the 2nd world war the chairman he is again a largest most populous anger thank you nominally the strongest country in europe but that part relatively quickly especially because they understood this unified germany is all the more reliable because it is a reliable partner and european integration of self interest towards. A polish foreign minister said in a speech not that long ago we used to feel the strength of germany today we rather fear the opposite you can still feel the enormous resistance of the german population and thus also in the Political Parties in germany including in parliament and yet we have to get used to the fact that others expect us to bear a fair share of the common. And then combine some and last an affair and. Then reunification is seen as a success at the same time the very populism that you mentioned that is very relevant particularly in the east what is it that politicians missed that. Talking about germany i would be a little cautious 1st of all the economic differences have become smaller get out of this but the consequence is a clear for 40 years of social market economy one hand full integration into the European Union and the open world trade on it off and on the other hand a socialist bureaucratic state economy which was just not as competitive. But i just finished a little talk the not least because of this block the holes i learned it was not able to create Living Conditions for its citizens as successful as a liberal order was added to liberal weather including the social market economy to be superior to your business if i had to open up the markets of do you believe going to give it to the t. V. Or not is lefty difference you can feel them all over europe people in poland the Czech Republic back here or hungary didnt have it any easier than the people in east germany got himself and like to get as he mentioned. The mention that only the people in the g. D. Did not have the opportunity to experience living together with people who come to our country from other parts of the world concert tour this is the of me through the integration was not that great in the west either but we have more experience we also travelled a lot more in the world. Well theres this big men so its not surprising lot of people who were not used to immigration but i hope people from other cultures to work perhaps with a different skin color or a different religion can be more easily mobilized by populist slogan so that they get into more Police Events into populist zipper board these are us alone this is and this does not only apply to the former east germany they partake a look at the debates in the Czech Republic or in congress or the fall and you cant blame people for that but i want to emphasize. Also we now have the 3rd generation which people since the early 1960 s. His grandparents or maybe even more great grandparents came to germany from turkey and we still have considerable problems in many parts of western germany and thats why weve west germans shouldnt be arrogant towards germans or as you wish. But you could have it all starts id like to talk about russia present that in the uprooting feels that his country was tricked through germany for unification and the decades that followed what mistake the west make in dealing with moscow. That minimum was for. Well you have to understand that the fall of the wall you know the cold war the end is individual less evasion it was restored not to do not only with the liberation of the slaves that were under soviet rule of dr lewis against their will 5 really good as a whole and Eastern Europe so on and for us when putin came to power he pursued a policy where to a certain extent he wanted to repair like a humiliation of the soviet union he believed people felt. He tried that in his only way so if you did your through quite a parody of a building. Hes not right about crimea would just make not only faced but we do need better fairer cooperation with russia fear of a corporate perhaps not everyone in america either understood or handled it in a radically in the decisive years. We must try to achieve better cooperation with russia. Fully respecting the claims history of russia. And by the way we must also cooperate with china because. Of the now many simply cant imagine a timely without about what comes to an end in 2021 can you imagine a germany without angela merkel. Business been of good works in that you know i grew up at a time when one couldnt imagine the federal republic of germany without conrad. To that extent i agree. Lived in the g. D. R. She would not have become german chancellor without reunification but she is a woman of the very extraordinary qualities on. This one decided that distinguishes her from her previous census it seems that she will be able to determine when she leaves office i spoke to. My wife told me a long time ago you may never give up voluntarily video. This miracle is different from the main he will say for herself when its understood. And its going to restore decide it seems that she can do this stuff and if she does that in the coming year i think she really will have deserved that it would be for it after the enormous amount she has contributed in those 16 or however many years it is if you leaving our country in this difficult time does of she have a contrary to. Right again and after that its like it will go on so if weve. Got 30 years ago i couldnt imagine how things would be today for us and i cant imagine now what it will be in 10 years but i believe we will still be a strong free democracy based on the rule of law in 10 years time and also after the federal election next year we will find a new chancellor of voters will decide. In 2021 she is no longer available germany will go on and so will your room. Were done and thats where were at again. For france hype the president of the bundestag thank you very much for the pleasure. Cities around the world are facing unprecedented challenges Climate Change is making. Even hotter and more. Its getting. Thinking up solutions to. Next d. W. Did Neil Armstrong really walk on the moon. Isnt the earth really flat hafter all that does the government is just plain stupid reason us from. Conspiracy theory spread like wildfire on the internet issue for conspiracy theories can provide comfort you dont like reality create another mission which democracy of the go mobile. You know 45 minute w. In the army of Climate Change. Is a massive. Much too soon to people. What ideas do they have of their future. Divo going to dot com African American cities for the multimedia to. Click on church. And you hear me now oh yes we dont need you and how it all stands and sounds that way bring im going to madoff and youve never had to have before surprise yourself with what is possible who is medical really what moves them what all some people who talk to people who follows her along the way how maurice and critics alike join us for metals last ounce. Blue planet is becoming increasingly dominated by concrete over half of the global population now lives in cities and the number is rising. Not only are millions of people moving into urban areas wild animals out is in time up. Motions of them. Open areas are covered in cement bricks and asphalt which in harsh weather turns them into hot spots literally. Not a good look at the rising temperatures in our cities welcome to tomorrow today the science show on g. W. In. The Northern Hemisphere is the 2nd hottest summer since records began is just coming to an end. In the last 140 years theres only been one summer hotter than this 12016 thats here august was particularly roasting in the fall of hottest summers while in the last 5 years Climate Change is catching up with us its particularly evident in cities because they become heat either ends. Up in the heating is the name given to the so called heat island effect temperatures and towns and cities rise more sharply than in the surrounding areas because of the density of streets and buildings and the many people cars and trains all of which produce heat. Spread over the year the mean air temperature in in the urban areas is around 1. 00 to 3. 00 degrees celsius warmer than areas outside of them or large green spaces within them. On top of this town and city centers often cool down fall less at night because the buildings density doesnt allow cool air to move around the city. On hot Summer Nights without a breeze the temperature difference between a city and its surroundings can be more than 10 degrees celsius. Whats needed is cool air from the surrounding area but what happens when the current air meets an obstacle thats what under this research. With the help of water light shining on tiny white particles suspended in the water reveals currents in the tank. Here the current flows unhindered but then it hits a building. You can see that in front of it that theres turbulence and the current flows over the top of the building and theres more turbulence behind it this is what happens when an air current is confronted with a building this is just one building but in a city up there are lots of them and that means that all kinds of air currents. Does cold air flow over a building or around it and what happens if there are obstacles in which pass rubin eliminates these issues to. If a building faces the wind its width and height are the key factors in blocking the flow of air. The bigger it is the more the current is blocked or. If i add another obstacle behind the 1st one that creates an area between them that is poorly ventilated. Move the wind if it only comes from the front goes over the top of both buildings. And the area between them remains poorly ventilated. But you can reduce this effect if you place the building with its narrow side facing the wind. That reduces the surface area the wind hits and allows it to flow passive on the building. With. Urban planners need to pay close attention to the orientation of buildings relative to prevailing winds here for example they block cool air coming off the high ground into the valley but if they are turned to 90 degrees the wind passes between them and everything gets nicely ventilated. High rise buildings can also do their part in ventilating a city. Although if i place a Tall Building behind a short one. The wind goes over the top of the short one and blows down into the street in front of the tall one and swirls around. You can influence the exchange of air in a city quite well pending on where the buildings stand relative to each other. If the Tall Building is right in front of the short one that blocks the breeze and prevents the distance is great enough the current also reaches the short going. Big gaps between our red this proximity makes them he said and some cities like to ny and mumbai in india can reach temperatures of. Lagos in nigeria is also one of the worlds fattest cities. As is many in saudi arabia. Is happening across the globe even in cooler places like the german capital. Jerk funk is an urban climate expert searching for effective ways to reduce City Temperatures this detailed model of berlin is going to help him. In hot weather the german capital is an urban heat island thermal imaging shows how populated urban areas function like hot plates they can be up to 8 degrees warmer than outlying areas. The researcher is using this mini world to find a solution. Inside this model of a city apartment and will demonstrate how much he gets through. The test houses made of regular Building Materials. To see what happens when the sun shines on a brick building the building warms up and what happens if we use other materials. We put a tree in front of it. Using time lapse imaging we can see how people fare in this kind of building it only takes half. An hour for the house to really heat up very soon they would be practically melting in the heat and no wonder its over 30 degrees. Brick buildings as weve reproduced them here in the model absolve the heat energy of the sun very well and stole this energy very well. This is due to the l. B. To effect with the color of a Building Material dictates how much radiation from the sun is reflected by its surfaces. In the case of blank slate for example the albi dont value is 0 point one that means just 10 percent of the rays from the surface are reflected. With red roof tiles the values between 0 point one and 0. 35 and with white facades like the ones common in greece the al beat overvalue is between 0. 5 and 0. 9 the lower the value of their for solids or roofs the hotter the buildings in the city will be. Now the experts simple countermeasures 1st external thermal insulation panels. We want to see what effect this has on the building ultimately insulating the facade not only ensures that heat stays in the it meant it also keeps heat out of the apartment. Next comes a coat of light colored paint this reflects the sunlight and so coupes the heat out. Brightly painted insulated the house then gets a layer of greenery on its roof before being bathed in another half hour of 1000 watt sunshine a couple of shade providing trees round off the protective measures. When behold this time our hypothermic resident. Its still on its feet no wonder with an interior temperature of almost 23. 00 degrees. Since now about 23. 00 degrees in the apartment and compared to the temperature of around 30 degrees at the start of our experiment thats a big drop in the world. Which all goes to show that paint can play an Important Role in easing the citys he problem. As can green spaces in a city. And they dont only offer a fresh mint. Its a paradox while the habitat of wild animals shrinks thanks to expanding cities some creatures of being too urban areas and finding refuge in them. Even develop into unique genetic groups of city dwelling animals. Urban foxes live among us but make only occasional fleeting appearances there are growing presence in cities and have proven to be highly adaptable. Evolutionary biologist sophia kimmage researchers bermans fox population for wild animals the city is a challenging habitat. You have to bear in mind what sort of a habitat the city is its such an artificial environment miss so much man made him put the foxes have to withstand the light noise traffic i find that fascinating to me through me and. To me has been gathering data on urban foxes for the last 5 years shes equipped 17 of them with a transmitter that allows her to track their movements shes also set up cameras near fox holes in order to monitor the activities of their inhabitants. And i meant message also at the moment im trying to find out if theyre actually hit. I know theyre in the area but its a wide area so there are lots of folks then and id like to know which one theyre actually using out the moment but lets not. Kill it is writing a doctoral thesis at the lab and its institute for zoo and Wildlife Research on the behavioral ecology of red foxes in urban environments. She cited specimens in parks and even in berlins government district. None of the strong smell indicates fox is often some marketing. That goes a rabbit. As we can see there are rich pickings for foxes here. Hes also. One of the fox so sophia kimock is located is beneath containers at the edge of a park the foxes keep a low profile during the day but they do believe traces of the monkey if you look closely you can see a footprint. Hitting you. Urban foxes live in close proximity to the human population how come given that theyre naturally shy animals. Well they found a habitat in the city where no one is preying upon them as is the case in the countryside whether many food sources for all novels but this folks is a highly opportunistic and the anything they find although theyre especially good at hunting mice and other brightons they can also live off rotting fruit. And all sorts of things really. Theres no shortage of trash in the city its one big buffet as far as the foxes are concerned. Berlin is believed to be home to between 5010000 foxes fox cubs one of the city hard on things by the hustle and bustle of the big city. Foxes are becoming ever less timid. So vehicle makes research has revealed that berlin has its own indigenous population and the animals are in fact genetically different from their country cousins. Stock kinds of. The city limits seem to mark a barrier between fox populations the Still Movement between the city and the country science but its massively reduced. The forces that live in the city you dont want to leave it to you and foxes that live in the countryside dont want to venture into the city. Because theyre afraid theyre not used to being close to humans in your defense and. Her research has also shown that urban foxes mark out their territory and like to stay in it with some exceptions. Been to reach maturity in autumn and start to migrate to the territory so they make their way through the city and you think they would choose to travel through the green spaces but in fact they tend to travel along the motorways to get from one place to the next. Foxes obviously appreciate the benefits of urban infrastructure theyre becoming increasingly bold urban foxes often even approach humans. To the consternation of many foxes are thought to carry disease although in fact rabies was a radical idea in germany in 2008 and. Just kind of dangerous is rare. Have been how many ganesh in the western dutch on this knife. And its rare across germany and the risk of getting infected is very very not a fix if you dont come into direct contact with foxs then youre not at risk and in general you just stick to hygiene rules after working in the garden if youve been taking in the soil i didnt even need to add up. Anywhere where fox is my clerk where theres fallen fruit vegetables or berries its important to keep washing your hands and if you do encounter a fox keep your distance. Most berliners dont mind living in close proximity to foxes in. They like them sophia kimock will be completing her ph d. Thesis this year her research on urban fox populations has been exhaustive shes grown fond of her bushy tailed research subjects. Thats why to folks anywhere else is where the 2nd fox i quit with the truck. Of its a tough cookie who read how young here every year. I dont get any data from her anymore but i still come by to see if shes still here to check up on her go here a few urban foxes live to a ripe old age in this city field goals are their greatest enemy yet the growing presence of foxes shows that the opportunities of city life clearly outweigh the threats. And yet its that hes continued to sprout up at an alarming rate easing ever more into surrounding areas humans and their beloved countries are taking over like here in china. And here in custer. As a consequence animals and humans are getting closer even sharing diseases of this rigi from india had a question about that. What is it were not take diseases they are diseases caused by pathogens carried by nonhuman animals that spread to people. Out of every 10 Infectious Diseases are believed to be 0 and not take. The pathogens can be viruses bacteria parasites all funding many of the diseases they cause in people a mild but some a serious and even deadly. The bubonic plague tuberculosis malaria and ebola as do in arctic diseases that have killed countless millions of people. Mostly toes and bats. But also cats and dogs and many other species carry pathogens that can make people sick but often they dont make the animals that host. Sick transmission can occur via a bite also eating the flesh of a carrier or contact with its blood or feces. Sue in arctic diseases can spread fast and far if the pathogens adapted to be transmitted from person to person thats the case with the Novel Coronavirus. One hypothesis is that hangal ends with the intermediaries that transported the Novel Coronavirus from its natural hosts baths to humans. What markets where life wild animals of cells are considered a potential site of transmission of zoo and ill take disease pathogens some have been closed for that reason. Infectious diseases from animals are a growing problem of the problem has to do with humans encroaching on animal habitats forests are cleared for timber or to make space for farms or towns humans and animals species on the longer far apart this offers opportunities for the pathogens to make the leap. There are more than 200. 00 known zoonotic diseases there are countless germs out there to which humans have no immunity on new devastating diseases lurking to prevent the making the jump to humans we need to protect wild animals and their habitats. Zoonotic diseases can result from intensive livestock farming the over the grid animals are more susceptible to disease and so theyre given blanket antibiotics this can lead to resistant bacteria which can then be transmitted to people. Intensive farming also causes other problems its threatens genetic diversity by repressing older groups of farm animals. Knee jerk hold your pigs. Styria and chickens and the ancient british white. People have been breeding and domesticated animals for at least 11000 years. Nowadays 180 breeds of farm animals are endangered in europe alone among them the german saddle back. At the head open air museum folk in favor is working to preserve the rare breed with its distinctive features for one thing its meat tastes very different from that of pigs raised on a factory farm. We have. In the autumn when the acorns fall to the ground the solid backseat lots and lots of them are so their meat has this wonderful acorn and flavor its something you dont often find nowadays we also make sausage out of the meat and its very special those. Pigs have been bred mainly for their meat. The german saddleback has a generous layer of fat which nearly swelled its due. Tastes changed in the 1960 s. And demand for fatty meat declined. The Food Industry responded by getting it scientists to breed futuristic new pigs with more meat chops all the same size and crucially a lot less fat. The breeders did not care much about the health or well being of the animals these newfangled swine were too big and heavy for their legs and hearts specimens were put on treadmills so the strongest could be identified and allowed to have offspring. These pigs were longer and had 2 more ribs than most and lots of lean flesh. But modern pigs are susceptible to stress for example when being transported to slaughter but efforts are underway to breed a variety that takes even that. In its stride. Old breeds are more robust and on the whole healthier and that probably has to do with their genetic make up. There are collections of genetic material from old breeds of farm animals. They are very important for research and for breeding purposes. One aim is to combine genes from different breeds in order to reduce this is sept ability to certain diseases. But its far from certain that epidemics of say swine fever could be prevented this way. German bred mountain cattle are long lived and undemanding. Have without complaining or complications for the most part. In the olden days there were no vets just down the road so everything had to just function properly and thats the case here even though its cold when they have their tops in fabry humans rarely have to get involved its a great advantage to very healthy. Wouldnt be ancient celts are believed to have bred these red brown cattle 2000 or more years ago the cattle provide milk and meat and can be harnessed to plow the fields this breed is endangered outgunned by modern turbo cows. Breeders have been adapting cows to the requirements of industrial farming. New breeds have been designed on the drawing board. Because utter was bred to fit the shape of a milking machine milk production increased the bodys use of feed was optimized. Red mountain cattle were regarded as extinct in the 1970 s. But thanks to a coincidence it has survived that studds scene was discovered at a breeding facility. As he was known sire to a new generation and in doing so saved the bream from extinction the cattles characteristics could be used. In the future. And you want these men even if they are no longer used in production their genetic material is needed for further breeding and we cant know today exactly what kind of breeding requirements will have a century from now. A change of scene their own mountains of central germany are home to the ruined sheep its positive characteristics were also nearly forgotten. Once demand for its ruined sheep pelts dried up its numbers dropped from hundreds of thousands to just a few 100 creatures the sheep scratchy wool became unmarketable. Modern sheep were needed to provide more meat more milk and above all softer wool. None of this applies to the ruined sheep but still its being rediscovered for landscaping purposes modern sheep brains often suffer from book disorders but not the ruin their trousers are especially tough. Thanks to this hardness they have no problem grazing year round and since sheep are picky eaters they help maintain sensitive ecosystems. This is silver thistle an emblem of the run their only chance of survival depends on the grazing strategy used on the sheep are best suited to the purpose of this sheep choose what they like and they leave the rest alone that means just biodiversity already exists i mean actually want more of this dismissed my. Old farm animals they are still useful for Landscape Maintenance for their ease of care for their taste and for their genetic diversity. Ok. If outlet is right why ave latin anything. Do you have a science question youd like us to unset same get in if we featured on this show you get in little surprise as a thank you. I. Cant. Just ask the be. One of hear most stories about science then visit our website and check us out on twitter. Thats all from us at tamara today thanks for joining us. Were back next week then stay healthy im curious. The book. Armstrong marley walk on the moon. Isnt theorists really flyers have to offer. Does the government just plain stupid reason are some. Conspiracy theorists spread like wildfire on the internet is an issue for conspiracy theories can provide comfort you dont like reality create another flood of democracy of the global. 15 minutes alone w. This is some joke story a stubborn rice farmer from thailand. His problem. His crew go no chemicals. And hes trying was. Good tests dont stand a chance. Train him successful. Duck cademy starts oct 15th on g. W. Im not laughing to the death well i guess sometimes i am but i said nothing when we should have been think stephen for german culture of looking at stereotypes a question that is think is new for the country guy not. Yet needed to be taken a scrum a day out to eat its cold out ok. Im a joker join me for me for devon fun to be a. Post every 2 seconds person is forced to flee their home. The consequences of the disastrous our documentary series displaced depicts dramatic humanitarian crises around the world. For good thing we dont have time to think i didnt go to university to kill people and act that way i mean a handful of people feel for their lives and their future so they seek refuge abroad but what will become of course who stay behind its a plane up a little my husband went to peru because of the crisis that i wonder if he hadnt gone there we would have died of hunger on one of them. Dismissed starts october 60. Joe. This is d. W. News live from berlin Donald Trumps personal physician makes an announcement about the president s condition saying donald trump is doing very well to u. S. Leaders being treated at a Military Hospital after testing positive for covert 19 also on the show germany celebrates 30 years of reunification german president from meyers speaks at the official ceremony calling the past 30 years a triumph of democracy over oppression and he is
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