What new findings have researchers and. Information and backgrounds. Look around up to. Code 19 special. Monday to friday on d w a n. Presents talk thank you negotiated last parts of the german reunification contract in fact he wrote quite a significant chunk of it when you look around now 3 decades on is this what you expected my. Notebook beer but where in the world has anyone ever been able to imagine what is going to happen when you go to a years time. Transamerica india says listen if you look at europe from the perspective of the year 914 that was the era of those who sleepwalked into world war 130 years after event was 944. And in these past 30 years to germany like the whole world was totally transformed. And also there is no longer a leading world pound the defining of this world order for some time the United States of america appeared to be almost the only remaining superpower but the world has become more diverse we could never have imagined it that way then how the east west conflict would come to an end but then it did in the miraculous leave without war without the deaths or with almost no deaths and yet that hasnt made the world a safer place instead we see that wars are possible once again only a few years later in the middle of your spirit no no you mentioned the United States there are you concerned that the us is withdrawing that no no longer wants to define the order of the world and so beautifully starkly mind no i wouldnt say that. I mean we europeans for all of us over the fortunate developments of the postwar era alternative at least for western and central europeans less so for Eastern Europeans who had a tougher time well these changes to the fact that the americans learned a lesson from the 1st world war as the period between the wars 3 namely the stabilize europe to prevent a repetition of the sea on. I mean. Who or to the matter. No the world has totally changed which is why the chancellor was correct in 2017 when she said we will need to take on a greater share of responsibility for our own security. But i hope that in the future we will continue to share common values the basic principles of Human Dignity democracy freedom the rule of law and i hope also ecological sustainability and social justice these are the common values a good way. To try to get by and havent we had to dismiss. The underside of fundamentally distinguish us as fundamentally for example from the very successful chinese model which today does hold Great Attraction but not the price of total control of the whole of economic social and political life and thats not our vision of how to live on this is that he wants a force of them thats why we must try to demonstrate the superiority of the macaulays full balance based on ecological sustainability geo political stability and the principles of western palate is a step in the tate production all of them principally and he addressed. To perverseness. We europeans cannot do that alone but we need to take the greater share more we take on responsibility and relevance in economic political military really the more we will influence debate also in america because of where relevant we play as a larger role than if were not invented relevance in spirit it was. The search that indeed many were concerned 30 years ago that many are united could be too strong now many are calling for more leadership many and certainly being too cautious than. I dont. Find it stagnant about this fear of a stronger germany got the situation was a shit and all complicated there were of course very understandable instances in western europe and british Prime MinisterMargaret Thatcher was known to have searched and searched the Immediate Reaction from france one meter or was similar of falls within the 1st few weeks after the fall of the berlin wall and most reliable supporting of europe for chancellor kohl would have actually came from the then spanish Prime Minister gonzales otherwise most of them were a bit cautious. Yeah its true quite. So quite by surprise this. They were wondering what it would mean for years after the 2nd world war the chairman he is again a largest most populous anger thank you nominally the strongest country in europe but that part relatively quickly especially because they understood this unified germany is all the more reliable because it is a reliable partner and european integration of self interest towards. A polish foreign minister said in a speech not that long ago we used to feel the strength of germany today we rather fear the opposite you can still feel the enormous resistance of the german population and thus also in the Political Parties in germany including in parliament and yet we have to get used to the fact that others expect us to bear a fair share of the common. And then combine some and last an affair and. Then reunification is seen as a success at the same time the very populism that you mentioned that is very relevant particularly in the east what is it that politicians missed that. Talking about germany i would be a little cautious 1st of all the economic differences have become smaller get out of this but the consequence is a clear for 40 years of social market economy one hand full integration into the European Union and the open world trade on it off and on the other hand a socialist bureaucratic state economy which was just not as competitive. But i just finished a little talk the not least because of this block the holes i learned it was not able to create Living Conditions for its citizens as successful as a liberal order was added to liberal weather including the social market economy to be superior to your business if i had to open up the markets of do you believe going to give it to the t. V. Or not is lefty difference you can feel them all over europe people in poland the Czech Republic back here or hungary didnt have it any easier than the people in east germany got himself and like to get as he mentioned. The mention that only the people in the g. D. Did not have the opportunity to experience living together with people who come to our country from other parts of the world concert tour this is the of me through the integration was not that great in the west either but we have more experience we also travelled a lot more in the world. Well theres this big men so its not surprising lot of people who were not used to immigration but i hope people from other cultures to work perhaps with a different skin color or a different religion can be more easily mobilized by populist slogan so that they get into more Police Events into populist zipper board these are us alone this is and this does not only apply to the former east germany they partake a look at the debates in the Czech Republic or in congress or the fall and you cant blame people for that but i want to emphasize. Also we now have the 3rd generation which people since the early 1960 s. His grandparents or maybe even more great grandparents came to germany from turkey and we still have considerable problems in many parts of western germany and thats why weve west germans shouldnt be arrogant towards germans or as you wish. But you could have it all starts id like to talk about russia present that in the uprooting feels that his country was tricked through germany for unification and the decades that followed what mistake the west make in dealing with moscow. That minimum was for. Well you have to understand that the fall of the wall you know the cold war the end is individual less evasion it was restored not to do not only with the liberation of the slaves that were under soviet rule of dr lewis against their will 5 really good as a whole and Eastern Europe so on and for us when putin came to power he pursued a policy where to a certain extent he wanted to repair like a humiliation of the soviet union he believed people felt. He tried that in his only way so if you did your through quite a parody of a building. Hes not right about crimea would just make not only faced but we do need better fairer cooperation with russia fear of a corporate perhaps not everyone in america either understood or handled it in a radically in the decisive years. We must try to achieve better cooperation with russia. Fully respecting the claims history of russia. And by the way we must also cooperate with china because. Of the now many simply cant imagine a timely without about what comes to an end in 2021 can you imagine a germany without angela merkel. Business been of good works in that you know i grew up at a time when one couldnt imagine the federal republic of germany without conrad. To that extent i agree. Lived in the g. D. R. She would not have become german chancellor without reunification but she is a woman of the very extraordinary qualities on. This one decided that distinguishes her from her previous census it seems that she will be able to determine when she leaves office i spoke to. My wife told me a long time ago you may never give up voluntarily video. This miracle is different from the main he will say for herself when its understood. And its going to restore decide it seems that she can do this stuff and if she does that in the coming year i think she really will have deserved that it would be for it after the enormous amount she has contributed in those 16 or however many years it is if you leaving our country in this difficult time does of she have a contrary to. Right again and after that its like it will go on so if weve. Got 30 years ago i couldnt imagine how things would be today for us and i cant imagine now what it will be in 10 years but i believe we will still be a strong free democracy based on the rule of law in 10 years time and also after the federal election next year we will find a new chancellor of voters will decide. In 2021 she is no longer available germany will go on and so will your room. Were done and thats where were at again. For france hype the president of the bundestag thank you very much for the pleasure. Cities around the world are facing unprecedented challenges Climate Change is making. Even hotter and more. Its getting. Thinking up solutions to. Next d. W. Did Neil Armstrong really walk on the moon. Isnt the earth really flat hafter all that does the government is just plain stupid reason us from. Conspiracy theory spread like wildfire on the internet issue for conspiracy theories can provide comfort you dont like reality create another mission which democracy of the go mobile. You know 45 minute w. In the army of Climate Change. Is a massive. Much too soon to people. What ideas do they have of their future. Divo going to dot com African American cities for the multimedia to. Click on church. And you hear me now oh yes we dont need you and how it all stands and sounds that way bring im going to madoff and youve never had to have before surprise yourself with what is possible who is medical really what moves them what all some people who talk to people who follows her along the way how maurice and critics alike join us for metals last ounce. Blue planet is becoming increasingly dominated by concrete over half of the global population now lives in cities and the number is rising. Not only are millions of people moving into urban areas wild animals out is in time up. Motions of them. Open areas are covered in cement bricks and asphalt which in harsh weather turns them into hot spots literally. Not a good look at the rising temperatures in our cities welcome to tomorrow today the science show on g. W. In. The Northern Hemisphere is the 2nd hottest summer since records began is just coming to an end. In the last 140 years theres only been one summer hotter than this 12016 thats here august was particularly roasting in the fall of hottest summers while in the last 5 years Climate Change is catching up with us its particularly evident in cities because they become heat either ends. Up in the heating is the name given to the so called heat island effect temperatures and towns and cities rise more sharply than in the surrounding areas because of the density of streets and buildings and the many people cars and trains all of which produce heat. Spread over the year the mean air temperature in in the urban areas is around 1. 00 to 3. 00 degrees celsius warmer than areas outside of them or large green spaces within them. On top of this town and city centers often cool down fall less at night because the buildings density doesnt allow cool air to move around the city. On hot Summer Nights without a breeze the temperature difference between a city and its surroundings can be more than 10 degrees celsius. Whats needed is cool air from the surrounding area but what happens when the current air meets an obstacle thats what under this research. With the help of water light shining on tiny white particles suspended in the water reveals currents in the tank. Here the current flows unhindered but then it hits a building. You can see that in front of it that theres turbulence and the current flows over the top of the building and theres more turbulence behind it this is what happens when an air current is confronted with a building this is just one building but in a city up there are lots of them and that means that all kinds of air currents. Does cold air flow over a building or around it and what happens if there are obstacles in which pass rubin eliminates these issues to. If a building faces the wind its width and height are the key factors in blocking the flow of air. The bigger it is the more the current is blocked or. If i add another obstacle behind the 1st one that creates an area between them that is poorly ventilated. Move the wind if it only comes from the front goes over the top of both buildings. And the area between them remains poorly ventilated. But you can reduce this effect if you place the building with its narrow side facing the wind. That reduces the surface area the wind hits and allows it to flow passive on the building. With. Urban planners need to pay close attention to the orientation of buildings relative to prevailing winds here for example they block cool air coming off the high ground into the valley but if they are turned to 90 degrees the wind passes between them and everything gets nicely ventilated. High rise buildings can also do their part in ventilating a city. Although if i place a Tall Building behind a short one. The wind goes over the top of the short one and blows down into the street in front of the tall one and swirls around. You can influence the exchange of air in a city quite well pending on where the buildings stand relative to each other. If the Tall Building is right in front of the short one that blocks the breeze and prevents the distance is great enough the current also reaches the short going. Big gaps between our red this proximity makes them he said and some cities like to ny and mumbai in india can reach temperatures of. Lagos in nigeria is also one of the worlds fattest cities. As is many in saudi arabia. Is happening across the globe even in cooler places like the german capital. Jerk funk is an urban climate expert searching for effective ways to reduce City Temperatures this detailed model of berlin is going to help him. In hot weather the german capital is an urban heat island thermal imaging shows how populated urban areas function like hot plates they can be up to 8 degrees warmer than outlying areas. The researcher is using this mini world to find a solution. Inside this model of a city apartment and will demonstrate how much he gets through. The test houses made of regular Building Materials. To see what happens when the sun shines on a brick building the building warms up and what happens if we use other materials. We put a tree in front of it. Using time lapse imaging we can see how people fare in this kind of building it only takes half. An hour for the house to really heat up very soon they would be practically melting in the heat and no wonder its over 30 degrees. Brick buildings as weve reproduced them here in the model absolve the heat energy of the sun very well and stole this energy very well. This is due to the l. B. To effect with the color of a Building Material dictates how much radiation from the sun is reflected by its surfaces. In the case of blank slate for example the albi dont value is 0 point one that means just 10 percent of the rays from the surface are reflected. With red roof tiles the values between 0 point one and 0. 35 and with white facades like the ones common in greece the al beat overvalue is between 0. 5 and 0. 9 the lower the value of their for solids or roofs the hotter the buildings in the city will be. Now the experts simple countermeasures 1st external thermal insulation panels. We want to see what effect this has on the building ultimately insulating the facade not only ensures that heat stays in the it meant it also keeps heat out of the apartment. Next comes a coat of light colored paint this reflects the sunlight and so coupes the heat out. Brightly painted insulated the house then gets a layer of greenery on its roof before being bathed in another half hour of 1000 watt sunshine a couple of shade providing trees round off the protective measures. When behold this time our hypothermic resident. Its still on its feet no wonder with an interior temperature of almost 23. 00 degrees. Since now about 23. 00 degrees in the apartment and compared to the temperature of around 30 degrees at the start of our experiment thats a big drop in the world. Which all goes to show that paint can play an Important Role in easing the citys he problem. As can green spaces in a city. And they dont only offer a fresh mint. Its a paradox while the habitat of wild animals shrinks thanks to expanding cities some creatures of being too urban areas and finding refuge in them. Even develop into unique genetic groups of city dwelling animals. Urban foxes live among us but make only occasional fleeting appearances there are growing presence in cities and have proven to be highly adaptable. Evolutionary biologist sophia kimmage researchers bermans fox population for wild animals the city is a challenging habitat. You have to bear in mind what sort of a habitat the city is its such an artificia