Doing less testing so we need fewer people so its cheaper and saw from our order of magnitude its maybe like a bit more than 100. 00 but if you want to buy the satellite if you will be a roughly a 1000000 and if you want your sobriety it will be way more than. One web and also google space x. And amazon plan to offer their Internet Services everywhere on earth in the process of getting 4000000000 people on line. London based one where president fishel license from the countrys airspace also rhetoric and sees itself on a mission to bridge the digital divide. The companys current and potential future clean on tell includes banks and lines shipping Companies Industry Disaster Relief agencies and the military. And consumers will initially be able to book the service fire local Telecom Providers and its already seen in the mobile phone sector the price will be lower in africa than in germany for example. Mike lynsay previously worked in Systems Engineering for nasa and is part of the design team for the one websites like constellation the company was the 1st among the competing consorts here to receive approval from the International Telecommunications union a United Nations agency. And that license is absolutely mandatory for providing the service the one word system uses radio frequency spectrum in order to send information. To customers to provide this Broadband Internet connectivity you need spectrum thats a span of radio wave flags in order to transmit information at high to reduce the. Spectrum what you have the more data that you can provide and because you are used to these these broadband speeds of being able to stream video and send information very quickly back and forth we need a lot of spectrum in order to provide that type of service to so many people. Designing a constellation of satellites in Constant Contact with each other and the earth is a complex undertaking. It involves a number of technical processes to function at the same time processes that have no precedence. The brain of the constellation the Ground Network Operations Center is in london its headed by alan here at. Home where my responsibility for looking after a crown at work so were due to call functions 1st of all we provide Situational Awareness so we look for anomalies in the ground that work out where they occur we work to resolve this quickly as possible and secondly we do what we call a resource part and Resource Plan is really the cranes of how the system works which brings together the ground that work can turn as the spacecraft and the pay out in the natural user you trace the ground stations run automatically under fitted with 30. 00 antennae each maintaining contact with 30 satellites. There are currently just 2 fully functional stations one in spitsbergen norway and the other on sicily the complete Global Coverage distributed across the planet you would need just 45. 00 ground stations interconnected. Very quickly as you say were going to be scaling up come cheap q chilled next year were going to be out in 3 ground stations every month since a huge ramp october. Doing today is all about testing and its a question. About. Patients and. The ground stations always seek the best possible connection to the satellite that is closest to the user and can provide the best possible bandwidth. The relevant signal shifts from one satellite to another with the user remaining peacefully unaware. The one Web Consortium is currently ahead of rivals google space x. And imus and and by the end of 2021 it hopes to have a constellation numbering 650. 00 satellites going to either way the earths orbit is set to get a lot of traffic in the near future how will the engineers ensure that there are no collisions so something were doing at one where is is actually enhancing our safety by separating areas traffic in immediate outer space in addition to countless disused satellites there is a spent rocket fragments of exploded space craft and other space debris circling the planet the result is a growing orbital scrapyard now comprising 20000. 00 objects with a diameter of 10 centimeters or more theyre joined 5700000 smaller objects at least one centimeter in size and the speed at which they move makes them extremely dangerous. So if there is a question space it can be catastrophic objects in earths orbit are typically traveling around 25000 Kilometers Per Hour and even a small object say 10 centimeters can carry enough energy to fragment a large satellite into thousands of pieces and so if such an event occurs. Now you go from one cell in one piece of debris to thousands of pieces of debris and each of those pieces of debris might carry enough energy to again fragment a different satellite and so you know theres a sphere of a sort of Chain Reaction where one collision creates debris that debris strikes another satellite creating even more debris. And there is still no rules on the behavior of satellite constellations whether traffic related or on safety or ethics the only stipulation is a ban on stationing weapons in earths orbit and that the satellites have to be safely after 25 years from one webb has decided to let its satellites expire in the atmosphere after an operational life of just 5 years. The major space going nations are working on sophisticated nearest Radar Systems to prevent satellite collisions germanys Aerospace Center the d. L. R. Is using a Missile Defense system from the German Military in conjunction with the famous found wolf shaft research group. Radar facility outside bone in western germany is the only one in europe that contract and depict of jets in orbit up to 2 centimeters in diameter manuel metz and his colleagues have been conducting precise measurements on space debris in order to prevent the need for a vase of action by active satellites. Women and how if you have an object that you are especially interested in because it is threatening to combine with your arm satellites then you can use your system to remember its orbit. And obtain more precise data as you can this physical presence that gives you a better Risk Assessment of whether a collision is actually imminent on whether such a collision can be ruled out again. There are several collisions every day is a says many of us are only needed 2 or 3 times a year. But the scientists models project a collision in orbit triggered by space debris every 5 to 10 years just how crucial this surveillance is became clear engine c. S a tried and failed to persuade space x. To take evasive action but with no response from the American Company the agency had to force its 400000000 euro Weather Satellite into a Collision Avoidance maneuver where the space x. Was unwilling to take action or incapable due to a lack of control over the satellites remains unclear so long the value of the systems work really well and have a very high level of reliability operating the satellite constellations theres no problem but once we get into an area right in the range of 10 to 20 percent and things start to get really critical then these constellations can become a problem within themselves and between each other and that can lead to a cascade effect where more and more space debris is created. The cutback radar facility near bowen is among the leading lights in space surveillance. The tira radar has a limited range of sight it has to be told approximately where an object is in the sky in order to conduct precise measurements. The teaser facility is immense compared to the german experimental space of a lens and tracking radar or guessed or a new Elektra Nicky controlled radar system that observes the near zone of space within melissa. Based on Semiconductor Technology the radio will be the 1st in germany to track active satellites and space debris 247 also creating an orbit. That helps to prevent collisions. Blount is in charge of gemini space Situational Awareness and which will Work Together with Data Collection hes seriously concerned about the satellite constellations currently being assembled. There could be the problem of the electric drive systems and the one website alerts do not allow. For speed increases. The. Plan is to deploy the flutes in an orbit of around 500 kilometers and then slowly push them to 1200 kilometers through the most contaminated belt and then bring them back down at the end of their lifetime. When. Its a problem similar to sending a family of snails across a major road during rush hour. Theres a major risk of collision not least because the electric Propulsion Systems do not give the satellites much scope for a base of action. Mr all. The data from the t. V. System and from get a collated it germany stay Situational Awareness center in the dutch border. The German Armed Forces and the german Aerospace Center Work Together at the Nato Communications and Information Agency unit. Radar systems can only track the near earth zone and not geostationary orbit so the center also uses telescopes to surveil satellites that are high iraq and there are already concerns on the ground over the 1st satellites launched by space x. Is starlink constellation. From the launch of the past 60 standing satellites. Is relatively high. And back can lead to interference to observations or near. Normal doses the problem feared by astronomers that a growing population of mountains with many satellites in the low and medium. Will reflect on to. And in those areas of observation telescope coverage will be compromised. Not surprisingly some of the traffic in the low earth orbit is from military sources the relatively close range of 502800 kilometers is a convenient one figure the ring meteorological and geological data and the studying nowhere else in gemini did the armed forces and the civilian german heiress they sent to work so closely together to do everything today we can see the one when constellation with 6 satellites launched today all on one orbit. This is the stunning constellation with 10 times the number of satellites spread across different orbital planes. And this constellation is likewise set to grow significantly in the future. Of their daughter aisha im sure anymore if you were told of the large number of electrically powered satellites being introduced into critical orbit hearts will definitely post questions. In the final phase of these satellites deployment this will also present a bigger challenges for global Surveillance Systems than is the case with the Current Population and all that. So we have to prepare accordingly and continue to expand our capabilities of h. R. What else for. The importance of protecting Critical Infrastructure such as whether g. P. S. And observation satellites this is highlighted in march 29th teen the Indian Military shut down one of the countrys Weather Satellites in order to demonstrate its strategic Space Capabilities the satellite broke up into 6 and a half 1000 pieces of debris which then spread around the globe to speed of 35000 Kilometers Per Hour. The interesting thing in this area is not so much the massive data breach that stay on the rich. You know all right theres the parts move by kinetic energy. Of course pose a threat. To. China has also demonstrated its ability to destroy a Critical Infrastructure in low earth orbit. Ton in south korea is just a 2 hour car drive from the border to north korea everyone here is aware of the threat from the norths Missile System and its here that one web is working with intel and south korean specialists in Maritime Satellite Communications intelligence and is making the satellite antennae for the ground stations and use the terminals that can pick up and relay the signals from the satellite constellation at any point on or. The koreans were chosen due to their experience in Maritime Communications where the transmitter and receiver of signals of both moving the idea is to adapt that technology for Internet Access in self driving cars permanent connectivity will become increasingly important. Steve charland kevin other visionary minds behind intel and the american cio is still challenging but we have all the solution now so cio is a fix so far i think the best soul is more so than me as im can or should and also maintain a track to sarah. We are developing using now police your face or visually. Is movie so that means all we have to. Go by ship or by sarah. Means but im also the accuracy so even though the worst cases we have to bury. Accurate track to real and we can maintain the connection so that could be our challenger for your future so well try to overhaul. Rotating parabolic antennae are at the cutting edge of Current Technology but a few years from now there might well be a new antennae available based on Semiconductor Technology this is a company with a. Business of your future but this one is normally chemical body is right that we can put here where there is a some electronic circuit inside electronic circuit to real. Truck or satellite itself so this kind of doesnt make the mechanical. Motion and then a very accurate track and also very small. Whether by sea land the idea is to ensure easy connectivity for people using all means of transportation in addition to those who are stationary. This facility near sold tests Radio Communications with objects in the. A group of engineers headed by physicists now feigns spent several months focusing on one specific task proving beyond doubt that an Internet Connection can be established on 90 days in a row via satellite constellation that test results would determine whether one website writes to transmitted the frequency spectrum approved by the International Telecommunications union would be confirmed its a milestone in the team eventually reached in 2019 satellites were launched in february of this year and we want to show proof of concept that it works so we want to be able to send signals up to the satellite but down again and prove that we can send traffic at very high speed. And therefore realize some of these services you know High Speed Broadband Services that we want to offer the world so this is a perfect testing ground weve got the regulatory clearance here to do transmissions and receptions. Could a system initially comprising just 6 satellites in orbit streamed internet video content from germany now danes and his team were also eager to see how the experiment pans out. What well be doing is where were going to visit the earth rise up and getting content from there over to our modems on to the terminals themselves to the satellites back down again i know all the acknowledgments coming back to across the internet so we can keep on streaming here we just got 3 more minutes and then the satellites will be coming out over its satellite flies it takes about 3 minutes and then the next next. 1010 seconds. There. Were now Live Streaming video from those that you have to. Travel. The work briefly of the quality of the signal wasnt good enough so it lost the connection but. We try and were still in testing were testing the circuit so optimizing the system to get better and better performance better local. Improved quality of video the satellite ok well thanks everybody for joe thank. Providing sufficient bandwidth for streaming videos in full h. D. Will require the launch and deployment of far more satellites and more ground stations. Over in the United States one webb has a 2nd ground station not far from washington d. C. The constellation satellites can be controlled from here and from headquarters in london. Daria corinne is responsible for coordinating the constellations flight maneuvers she and colleague ny ritchie control individual satellites. Here the 2 experts are conducting extensive tests connected to automatic control retains. Its a system that i want to trust but at the same time as a human i want to make sure im checking all of all of my checks and balances making sure that everything is ok with the tele before we were seated next step because again this is a simulation we have to take our time and we have to be as humanly perfect as possible how many controllers will be required to pilot a mega constellation of several 100 satellites this is well Artificial Intelligence will come in to assist the human operators i believe were going to be having one controller for about 20. 30 so its maybe even more were trying to automate our system so that one person can handle as many satellites that is needed within our crews because i mean like you said were not going to have a one to one ratio and we need to learn to automate our system so that when we see issues on board if our pilots cant do it manually then automatically our system should be able to handle it its kind of a walk before you run type of i guess philosophy so instead of having so many satellites up at 1st we deployed you know 6 and then we could spend a significant amount of time kind of getting to know them like and like a new friend basically just deciding you know this satellite is capable of this and its not capable of this and ball i kind of adapt to the constellation as it grows to because of our ability to understand the vehicles for months weve you know since launch for 6 months now and we have gotten a good idea of the types of tools that will need in order to use you know sustain a mega consolation and in addition to the technical challenges there are also no end of regulation to reopen stickles to overcome its all right. Kelly into a team of trying to convince more than 200 Different Countries and territories to grant one Web Commission to provide services. Every person in the world wants access to information and entertainment and they may define that differently and their country may be concerned about what access they have but even a country like north korea wants their people to have access to certain kinds of information right and so every country in the world wants their people connected they may want to control the way theyre connected and they have concerns about Data Protection or security but they want their people connected and so Even North Korea even cuba. Even india china russia theyre all interested in conic to conic to that is the key to the future. Internet access in north korea china and russia is regulated differently than in germany what surprised the company was how more democratic nations also tend to demand an emergency off switch before giving approval to Internet Access via satellite constellation you know what even the United States ask for an off switch. Every country wants a little control over the traffic and its country and one of the things they say basically is if you cause interference usually youll need to be turned off and you say of course the ideas im never going to cause interference when going back to the coordination with the other satellite systems i dont want to have to turn off so im going to make darn sure that im not interfering into anything. One web and its rival google space x. A commonly neck and neck in this new space race with amazon lagging some distance behind with a high Speed Internet for of low earth orbit will actually be commercially available by the end of 2021 is still hard to say. South korea has the fastest mobile internet on the planet and practically everyone here has high speed connectivity via to rest real all mobile networks. And it is here that now things into his colleagues are working towards a future where every person on earth could have fast internet via satellite provided their governments allow it. Theres a cultural raging over the american dream. Us citizen but which way is it headed artists are concerned what moves the photographers filmmakers and riders to share their views and nation in turmoil. Our 20. 30 minutes on day w. Its their obsession for spectacular pictures. Its their passion for nature. Its their complete devotion that makes them the best wildlife photographer others in the world. This amazing and cutting. Confrontational and stirring. 5 adventures. One goal. The preservation of our planet. Is not a sinister pardon treason serving can isnt it more. Is us that still danger or seraph possibly passion for china starts november 6th on g. W. Cut. This is a nice line from donald trump boat sailing in the u. S. President ial election. I voted for a guy named truck because with the last days of the Campaign Said to be dominated by americas. Crisis trump and rival joe biden i confront issues also coming up. Im already afraid of the moment we reach our limits and i have to choose who we take on who gets to be treated. Should it be deferred
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