Related to last years pro democracy demonstrations. Plus it is the toughest race in saying it will hit the high seas with the 1st german to tackle the vendee globe. Non stop rings around the world. Im off to our viewers. Joining us on p. B. S. In the United States into all of you around the world. Welcome. We start tonight with more encouraging signs in the race to develop a coronavirus vaccine. The drug maker, astra zeneca and oxford university, have announced that their bank scene is up to 90 percent effective in preventing coded 19. The back scene was most effective when patients were 1st given a half dose, followed by a full dose one month later. And crucially, this new banks, it does not require extreme cold storage, and it is relatively cheap and easy to mass produce. These files hold a promising formula for entering the covert 900 pandemic globally. A cheap, effective, easy to distribute that scene. We have to get a lot of people were not thinking about the nations working in terms of one person at a time. We have to think about vaccinating communities, populations, reducing transmission within those populations, so that we really get on top of this pandemic. And thats what it now looks like. Were going to have the ability to contribute here in a really big way. The vaccine was developed at the u. K. s university of oxford using the a dont know virus platform. Researchers took a common cold virus that infects chimpanzees, genetically engineering it to trick the human body into thinking it has been infected with the virus that causes that 19 producing an immune response. , over 24000. 00 volunteers took part in the Clinical Trials in the u. K. , brazil, and south africa. The late stage trials show the adenovirus vaccine is better at preventing hospitalizations and severe cases of covert 19 m. R. In a vaccines developed by madonna and pfizer by on tech. But people are not getting sick with the spike scene, which means that ultimately, even if you were to get ill, you have mild symptoms. And so i think thats incredibly important because it will keep hospital beds free and people wont be dying from this from this virus. And thats not the only advantage. Unlike the m. R. In a vaccines, it can be kept at normal french temperatures, making it easier to distribute, especially in developing countries. It can also be manufactured at scale, meaning it can be produced in much greater quantities and that much lower cost than its rivals. But i think this will be a truly global for in terms of its deployable and its accessibility. And its going to be probably more affordable than most of those. For a lot of middle income countries, astra zeneca has pledged it wont make a profit from the fact seen during the pandemic. If it gets regulatory approval, the firm says its ready to produce 3000000000 doses next year. If more, im joined now by katie europe, shes an associate professor of Oxford UniversitysJenner Institute that developed the vaccine is you work as an immunologist. And one of the investigators involved in the trials of this vaccine this year is going to have you on the show. Congratulations are in order. You must be excited and delighted. Yes, we are delighted with these results. Its been a very long, difficult, 9 months for us all on the team here in oxford say without c. T. Like you were these results today. I mean 9 months, not even a year to develop this. That thats quite an achievement. Has that. Do you think has that set in with you or your colleagues of how quickly youve been able to get to this stage . Well, weve been preparing for an event like this at the general institute for several years now. And if i was, technology has been in Development Value for decades, and weve always been working on how we could use a vaccine against an unknown pathogen and we call it disease x. But weve been planning for this kind of eventuality for several years now. So working on the technology that would be needed to develop a vaccine this quickly and at this scale. And what differentiates this vaccine from the ones that weve heard from. For example, fives are and biotech. So the fines are in much biotech vaccines are an r. N. A. Vaccines. Thats a much Newer Technology and no m. R. In a vaccine has ever been licensed. Whereas our vaccine is based on an ad new virus. And this technology is not new. Its been around and developed for lots of other diseases like malaria, influenza, and theyve been tested and children and older adults and lots of different settings. And so we have a lot more experience with these than we do with them are in a vaccine. And you, when you talk about the efficacy of this vaccine, youre talking about from 70 percent to 90 percent. Why do we have this spectrum . So we tested different doses and different regimes and combinations in our vaccine trial because we didnt know what would be most effective and what would be most well tolerated. So as you mentioned, we saw 70 percent across the whole vaccine trial, but innocently that we are now allies where they were given a higher dose 1st. And then a full days, we actually saw 90 percent efficacy, which was surprising to one of us. And thats one of the great things about working in science is that sometimes you dont get the result that you x. That and you know, people around the world when they hear this news are going to be asking the question that theyve been asked about the one from medan of the one from pfizer biotech. How safe is this vaccine . Well, we have lots of experience with that. New viruses have been tested and you know, they thousands of people before we made this fax. We did a vaccine trial with another coronavirus called us. And so we have lots of good safety to shape safety data to show that they are suitable for use in large populations in young children, up to very well to adults say were confident this vaccine will work. Well, in the whole population, and because of this vaccine does not have to be kept at arctic like temperatures. And because its also relatively inexpensive to manufacture, is this the vaccine that could become maybe the globe or vaccine to help in the pandemic. So this is very much what we hope and this is what weve been working from from the beginning. The deal that was signed between the university of oxford and astra zeneca was intended to supply facts in the to get global scale. And thats why we partnered with so many contracting organizations to manufacture different facts about 10 contracting partners, including the Serum Institute of india, who are the Worlds Largest manufacturer. The deal that we have with astra zeneca means that the university doesnt profit from the sale of this vaccine while the pandemic is happening. And we will never profit from this vaccine, from the sale of it to low and middle income countries. Because we really do want this to be a vaccine for the whole world. Before we run out of time, do we, can you tell us who will be the 1st people to actually get this vaccine . Who i dont know, i mean lots of different governments have ordered them, but i think thats probably a question for estrogenic. I dont know how they do what he gets it passed, but it will be enough eventually. Well, and that is, that is whats most important. Katie, you are. So she, professor of arts for universities general institute, the developed this latest vaccine this year. We appreciate your time and congratulations again. Thank you very much. Despite the promising news about these vaccines and into the virus crisis is still a long way. Here in europe, the pandemic is stretching some Health Care Systems to the border. Heres a closer look at how ukraines underfunded hospitals are struggling to keep up with a surge in patient. Doesnt it . I knew that id get sick eventually. When i got the news that i was infected, it was such a blow. I cried. I done all i could to stay safe. This place is my baby. No one ever saw me here without a mask. When i was rather cryptic, my name is only next after im a senior doctor here at the hospital in the u. Bar. With us, they alone, most of the doctors and nurses here have gone through kobe, had we had a big outbreak here in the town, which has many as 58 new patients in just one day. Many of them were very ill. And im a neuro pathologist by training, but i had to learn how to operate a ventilator. There was no choice, a patient was dying and i didnt know what to do. I did some reading and called my husband who is an anesthetist. He was telling me what to do over the phone on the loudspeaker. And it worked. Its hard to explain just how happy i was that i have everything in mind. One of my fathers friends is in our intensive care unit right now. Youre always aware that your own parents could soon be patients here and then i got infected myself. It was scary, really scary, but i had seen what covert can do. I was lucky, i didnt get pneumonia and i was back at work 2 weeks later or will not put a few of us here when it was our main problem is that people come into late. Many with gary serious pneumonia. Some tell you they dont have money. Others dont believe kovan even exists. They say its just the flu. This most definitely isnt the flu. My growth, as the most precious thing right now is oxygen. You can see the patients hand stretching out for the masks. You can see how desperately they need it. You see how they come to life once they get it. Even trying to turn the dial up on their own. Before i go to bed, imagining what would happen if we run out of oxygen supplies for im sure it will happen eventually. And then will we have to slam the door shut in patients or faces and tell them weve run out of them on the market . The perils of the pandemic in ukraine. Heres some of the other stories now that are making headlines this hour were u. S. President elect. Joe biden has confirmed that he will nominate tony blinken to be secretary of state in his new administration. Lincoln served as deputy in the same office under barack obama biden, also named former secretary of state john kerry, to be his special envoy for the climate. Israeli Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu has refused to confirm or deny media reports that he made a claim destined visit to saudi arabia for a meeting with crown Prince Mohammed bin. So when the alleged visit would mark the 1st known in kilns, or between senior israeli and saudi officials, saudi arabia has denied that the meeting took place. The corruption trial of former french president nicolas sarkozy, has been postponed on the 1st day due to concerns over the health of one of his codefendants. Its the 1st time a french president has appeared in court on such serious charges. If found guilty, sarkozy could face up to 10 years in prison. The Foreign Ministers of germany, france, and britain have met in berlin to discuss the future of the iran nuclear deal. The 3 countries have spearheaded efforts to keep the 2015 agreement alive after u. S. President donald trump abandoned it. Germany has expressed hope that the new u. S. Administration might revive the accord. Turkey has prevented a search operation by the german navy of a cargo ship suspected of smuggling arms into libya. The german frigate hamburg intercepted the turkish vessel in the mediterranean on sunday night. The german warship is part of a European UnionNaval Mission to stop arms reaching libya. German soldiers boarded the cargo ship but had to abort their search after the turkish government protested to the European Union mission. Are for more now im joined by our Political Correspondent hans from going to see you. Hans. So what more can you tell us about this incident . Well, what happened is that this german frigate to inform the ship concerned that they want to search it. That stopped the ship and then gave it a couple of allah for the fact to sink in as it were. Once this waiting period had pause the german marines, entered the ship and stopped at this search. Until that point, everything went reasonably well and the crew of the ship caught paraded, but it was only once the germans had entered the ship that the flag stayed, which in this case was turkey, that turkey protests against this action. And as a result of International Law, when such a protest is recorded, the action was broken off the surge of them and marines withdrawal from the ship until that point that had not fallen to anything untoward on the ship and the ship was allowed to continue to libya, well, help customary or held usual, is it for marines to board ships and conduct searches, and hes giving the orders for these marines to do carry out the search. Well, its obvious, not something that is very usual, but at the same time it is not something that is completely unheard of. All of this is based on an International Mission by the European Union. The headquarters of this mission is based in rome in italy. And this headquarters in italy, in fact, gave the orders for the german frigate to stop and search that ship. But that has happened. Similar things have happened about half a dozen times in the last 6 months or so. In some senses was a coincidence that this was a german frigate at that this was a turkish flag ship. Similar searches have been conducted in recent months by french frigates, by greek marines of ships on ships that are moving under various flags. So the fact that this was an incident in the end between germany and turkey in a sense was coincidence. But it is all based on International Law and an International Mission. And on an attempt to stop being transported into the civil war in libya, which is being prohibited by a resolution of the united nations. And what do you think that does is going to have any impact on bilateral relations between germany and turkey . Well, the relations with korean, germany and turkey have been on in a very bad fraught state for several years now. This incident is not going to make that any better. In fact, the turks are size reacted with acrimony today. And the german side said, well, this is just a further incident that is going to be reported and discussed at the next European Union summit because in fact, whats behind this is tension not only between turkey and germany, but we in turkey and the International Community here in europe with the European Union, but also with nato. Our very own hands front with the latest tonight here in berlin. As always, hans, that you 3 prominent hong kong activists have been detained after pleading guilty to their involvement in last years prodemocracy protests. Joshua wang, you von lohmann, agnes chel, are due to be sentenced next week they could face up to 5 years in prison and they arrived knowing it could be their last moments of freedom. It was not for his uprising if im sent to the me. They made haitian today and that proved correct. This prison vehicle, transported to hong kong democracy activist joshua long agnes child, and ivan lam, into custody after they faced trial of a very role in massive prodemocracy protests in 2019. Perhaps the op, wrote this, wish me this day in prison, but im persuaded that neither person both know election ballot is not any other arbitrary power. Will stop us from activists on the 3 were charged with all the nies ing and taking part in an authorized assembly. Which carries a maximum sentence of 5 years. They decided to plead guilty after consulting with their lawyers, knowingly accepting jail time, hoping to draw global attention to what they say is a Justice System manipulated by beijing. China denies this insinuation, but says it supports the hong kong Justice System. A new window to the bush is not a diplomatic issue. We support the relevant departments of the Hong Kong Government to perform its g. Ds accordance with the law. I mean, the pleading guilty to the charges along told supporters he would not have touted beijing will surrender, saying he wanted to demonstrate the value of freedom to the world. If you will be, as government is warning, residents of the embattled region that anything can happen as the clock ticks down on its all to made up. The government has given forces until wednesday to lay down their arms or face an assault on the regional capital that seeing arise, Peoples Liberation front has belt to keep on fighting. The u. N. Fears 200000 people could flee to neighboring sudan because of the conflict. Ethiopian forces push further into the to grow region. The advance has not gotten challenged as the degree of battle on the roadside attests. But the government and addis ababa is confident of victory. Prime minister abi uk met on sunday, called on rebel forces in the regions capital, city, mecca, to surrender. The Prime Minister yesterday had to issue an ultimatum of 72 hours to let the people of mckinley understand that the beginning go for the aint easy within the rich man that our Defense Forces have no effectively encircled michaeli. And now it is easy to try to get any military installations. What happens when the Ethiopian Military targets enemy positions in civilian areas can be seen in the town of whom era these women were wounded when the army took the town we didnt expect shelling and suddenly they started to hear the weapons of war explosion. And then people panicked. I couldnt leave my house. Ok meeting as i was terrified. Seeking to avoid the fighting over 30000, people have fled to gripe to neighboring sudan. A country already burdened with displacement from previous wars. Here to the scars of war are evident. Sudan has been a lady, nearly a 1000000 refugees are there. And this is just a new chapter for the country. It is under under strain in terms of the elitist labels of which are in thousands every day. And as long as the guns dont fall silent, the refugees will continue to come to the courts now in the world. Footballs governing body fever has banned the head of the game in africa from all football duties for 5 years because of corruption off went off. But i was hoping to win a 2nd term as African Fed