Right now id like to bring you a different kind of story in its own way its just a dramatic as anything a writer could dream up that has to do with a new power source. This Power Authority will be out of more than 70 years ago. The deadly power of the atomic bomb was reprinted as the peaceful you clean energy was modern. We were at the forefront of technology, glamorous. They were like inside a secret inside this magical world and irresistible to governments. You think it was clear to france that salvation was nuclear, nuclear and business . Everybody in the electric utility business has suddenly decided, wow, we need Nuclear Power too. But from the beginning, the peaceful atom was dont buy safety concerns. Froome basically made clear that accidents can happen. Its very serious incidents by rising costs. Its economically so complex, so difficult, so tricky. Its kind of pulled under by its own dead weight. And by protests that through time leftists with their school car about for no in favor. Of greenpeace, speak honestly. And today, Nuclear Power is fighting to survive. Is good kind. There is no nuclear renaissance, thats a very town abrogating. I often gag on that. I dont love to hate it. And in the simple to ignore the ads have, has changed our world. This is it still in the aftermath of world war 2, everyone was talking about the it was some and terrifying capabilities of nuclear fission. What really changed the climate was the speech given by president eisenhower in december, 953 at the united nations, which he called atoms for peace. I made. 7 today, im more than 25 times as well as the weapon with what they have, tommy. Does it begin with a lot of gloom and doom . And then he circles around in hands with this beautiful happy tale of how Atomic Energy is going to bring blessings and health and prosperity to the world. This greatest of Destructive Forces can be developed into a great movie for the benefit of all mankind. The president s speech was immediately transmitted to 70 or overseas posts by the us press service. Or that comment is good to start and misinterpret americas proposals. Atoms for peace, quickly became internationalized the propaganda around atoms for peace included traveling exhibits where people could go and see little nucular artifacts and these exhibits would attract throngs of people around the world. The exhibit in west berlin was visited by a quarter of a 1000000. People, including thousands from the soviet union, the other Prime Minister nehru, came to be with the exhibit and shared the experience with thousands of his countrymen, of all the countries that were targeted for atoms, for peace propaganda. None was more important to the American Government than japans on the 1st day of november, 19th, 55. 00, United States that it will be an exhibition opening to be a part tokyo. The United States and exhibits to japan. It promoted the work of japanese scientists in Atomic Energy work. Atoms for peace helped send the message that hey, were the good guys. Its sort of help to whitewash the bad odor created by hiroshima and nagasaki. The general public was being encouraged to look on the bright side, so to speak, by demonstrating that or was this enthusiasm burgeoning all over the world . Was it propaganda or was it policy . The answer is it was both. It was at the same time, an effort to influence Public Perceptions to change the way people talked about nucular energy. And the other hand, it was a serious genuine initiative to spread what they saw as the benefits of atomic power throughout the world. The potential of civil Nuclear Power suddenly was seen as a global beacon of progress. Every country involved wanted to take part in the development of this, this new gleaming future of Atomic Energy. And im going to clear power. It was one of the technologies that distinguished you as a high tech country, rather than an average one from to shift your. If you were a young scientist or engineer graduating college in the 1950 s. In the United States of america. You are in a pretty sweet place. The scientists had stepped forward as the new wizards, warlocks, the magicians who were going to bring all these wonderful things to the future. They were like, inside this magical world. You know that the scientists that had studied this were really fascinating people and they were part of this very, very elite group of special people. The british set up the 1st Civil Nuclear plant at calder hall in the u. K. Appropriate there, the such a very important event. The queen came to perform the ceremony of a big switch on a definite lead in the 2nd industrial revolution. And being taken by the British Government was triumphant as being the 1st nation to launch a new power program. Britain saw itself as the pioneer of Nuclear Power. We were the 1st with a Nuclear Power station and technology let the well but others werent far behind. France will begin producing Nuclear Energy, take its place as one of the great atomic nations alongside the United States, the us s. R. And let it go to the tell you go to god came to power after world war 2. So his main concern was to restore francis former glory as a world power who do not have a 945. 00 to go in, signed an official order to create the Atomic Energy commission of the atomic. But frances reactors would not only for producing electricity, the 1st Nuclear Power site in france was presented as a prototype for electricity generation. And that was what all the fanfare was about. What you did, what you now the public can see what has made france a player of the industrial utilization of the atom in reality. And from the very beginning, the reactors were designed to optimize the production of weapons grade plutonium . Well, the whole wasnt a power reactor, its purpose was to produce weapons, grade plutonium material. The electricity was a useful byproduct. And in fact that, that was not connected to reactor. Atoll, governments were not the only ones speaking opposed to the summit message. Private companies would get to General Electric was really instrumental and they do a lot of work going out a comic book very have a film and it was all done with what i call others with exciting little characters. Lets start by meeting a leading authority on the subject. Dr. And the public mood was galvanized by the new atomic power stations springing up, the reactors actually became Tourist Attractions in and of themselves. At my school, there was a Lookout Point where tourists could go and view models of the reactor and see the whole site, but felt the thrill quite so much as those on the inside. Felt proud to play a prank. When i look back, i think, yeah, obviously, i think that thats how we felt we were the forefront of technology. It was not only by border, the country as a whole was raising their concern. We can make it 50 years gone by since they even had a lot of hay. And one of my jobs was to test materials for stay fex and the crime inside the reactor, main structure inside the docks and everything and test all of the welds looking rather like a super version of a plastic macintoshes. And you lose your shoe design for workers at britains atomic clock. Once youre inside on the wall, it remains is to pump in compressed air. So that the where i can breathe easily. Hes be dressed up like a mitchell in man with a special crowley thing with a number called supplying a actually when i saw thing and breathing and i was, i was right. Microphones and they climbed through every part of the reactor in the boilers. We were not to because people from coal plants used to come to us and said, oh i see neat, clean, isnt a wonderful claim environment you live in. I could cite you to an old cult thought power station with doing exactly what some of you know used to come out black across the atlantic, american Utility Companies with e. Q. To invest in Atomic Energy. It seemed like there was no risk and building a Nuclear Power plant because the price was low. And then those westinghouse and General Electric guaranteed that price. And then comes the gold rush, where everybody in the electric utility business is suddenly deciding, wow, we need Nuclear Power too. But not everyone shares that enthusiasm and bad seeds. There is a plan to build a reactor at the end they get, they california protests 1st, started from local people who are just concerned about the view, but then people will begin to do a certain amount of homework and, and they began to get concerned by radioactivity. Released from the plant in normal operation, there was also more particularly the possibility of an accident involving a Nuclear Plant, which might release a lot more radioactivity the public didnt in fact, really know that there all had already been a number of significant industrial accidents in Nuclear Installations in canada, in switzerland, in the u. S. And in the u. K. , there was a very big fat. It would scale. Ive never tell. I discovered when i went to japan, i was talking to the japanese minister said he said to me, how do you, how you getting on with dating with a concert at the 5 and i said traffic shows what 5. We didnt want to bother you minutes time. But he could, they actually persuaded the local Electricity Company to abandon the plant. And this was the 1st time that a Nuclear Proposal of this kind had actually failed because of opposition by the public. And it was going to be the 1st of many, i remember when i 1st read to the states as a minister. I was told that they had a policy of 2002002000 Nuclear Power station by the 2000, but the local opposition was so strong that they couldnt build them. And there were some Nuclear Scientists and engineers who helped this opposition. We had to marvelous journo lecturing engineers who quit, and became whistleblowers. I testified on the nics Quality Assurance program that the Quality Assurance on a toaster was greater than that for the instruments that control the Nuclear Power plant. On the other hand, there was inadvertent support the very pronuclear director of the oak ridge, national lab weinberg. Oh, hes harbored concerns. He thought that there should be one Nuclear Plant here and one Nuclear Plant there, that it would be better if we had 6 in one nuclear reservation. So that you could use what he called the small number of very competent scientists and engineers to manage it. Just as the opposition was growing stronger, globalism suddenly make Nuclear Power. Look a lot more appealing in 1973, the big middle east producers cut off Oil Shipments to major consuming countries. Margaux was lifted, the price of foreign oil had jumped from 3. 00 to 12. 00 of our 4 times higher than the full this nation. Thank you, navy and have all the energy we need. Now, dont write an editorial on the show, youre really going to do because it scares, you know, i think of the bomb they think of the possibility that one is going to blow up. My house and san clemente is just 12 miles from the Southern California edison companys Nuclear Power plant. Its safe, it produces good power. Its clean. And the United States, which 1st the sake of the atom is behind where it ought to be. And the development no pure pop nixon proposed a huge expansion of Nuclear Power in the name of getting america out from under the boot of opec. But even with nixon, suppose there was one pressing problem. The cost of every reactor in the Nuclear Power plants around it. Those costs were doubling every 2 years doubled and then it doubled again. Let me because when the price of oil quadrupled, it was quite a shock. Look at their cost 68 percent of an atrocity came from all the good that you behold. We had, i think the money oil crisis began. It became clear to france that itself, beijing was nuclear. It didnt nuclear need wine, clear power, or electricity. The only area where you could easily replace oil was an actress city because in 1973 we already have the 1st generation of nuclear reactors. And i dont, you clearly, spurred on by the oil crisis, the french government moved quickly to build more Nuclear Power plants. It didnt have to worry about public opinion. You could do, did you, when it comes to decisions, its just a small group of people making them from the media from the Atomic Energy commission. She was basically top administrators as the state representing the people that you pay for all of it, all. Rants. If you had the authorization to build a Nuclear Plant and that was it, in the us, things were a little more complicated than in the us. It was very fragmented. There were at around 2800 different electricity companies. If you dont, they kept changing the designs in a, in a competitive frenzy to try and get ahead of the other guy. And that meant that the construction times for Nuclear Plants just blew. And i way to do business was filled, the business francis and vicious Nuclear Program was becoming the largest in the world. The United States could only look on and one point on clearing the time that france, or else 58 reactors, the americans cancelled 200. I was the difference if you felt. Meanwhile, frances next door neighbor had nothing new issues to contend with in the 1970, south west germany. So but rows of, of one left the largest movements, again, snooty, i mean, western europe possibly the well. Yeah. Bozorgmehr of the us this month. People were concerned because they started hearing that in the areas around reactors. There were unexplained illnesses or environmental changes. Concordes for now almost indoors. And you have to remember that germany had a past marked by war, and it was heart of the cold war on which Nuclear Weapons played an important role. And if so, there was a lot of insecurity, and this was intensified by Atomic Energy and he wouldnt have to, i told him to give them the real point of origin protests and a very small south German Village shift when you power station was supposed to be built with the grid local Citizens Initiatives, trying to stop it or for him in the us. The only option they had was to occupy the Building Sites where the bulk plots they marked the site that brought in tens of thousands of people too many, really for the police to handle and set up a camp with a lot of guitar singing in public classes and free love and all that sort of thing that he didnt even youve got wine makers from the kaiser stool student as journalists and experts, all talking to one another, expiate this counter expertise is the foundation of the german antinuclear movement. And it started here. But veals peaceful teachings gave way to much and he is saying wherever there were plans to build a reactor, there were huge protests. And there are lots of clashes with the Police Involved or blocked off in 1901150000. People gathered for an illegal demonstration in february, in the freezing, cold, as a scaled down offer to start for the frags museum or state reacted completely disproportionately. The high use tear gas. They sent hundreds of policemen by helicopter bunch of it went through the crowd, beating people, looking to push, we were already friends. We still want to allow them to sign it. And cutting demonstrations with a business would offer for the demands protesters on both sides of the atlantic had been sounding the alarm about the prospect of an accident at a Nuclear Plant. The industry dismissed stefi is until early one morning in much the 1979 and came to work. The commissioner went running by me. John, i heard your currency. Sure. I go upstairs. I discover that, you know, very prone to Nuclear Power play. A spokesman said that a feed water broke down this morning, automatically shutting down a 3 mile Nuclear Power plant. People think that emergency reserves really ruin operating room, you know, in fact everything going to slow down because you tremendous uncertainty about the facts. The information was contradictory. Meters were really very high radiation experts who say it was meters was overwhelming. Feeling uses the Forward Movement from the information forward. It was very much unexpected. Whos doing this was worse than anything we could have imagined. Have been some near serious accidents, but not one like 3 mile island. And when that happened, i think the whole, the whole framework fell apart. It could no longer climbing the