Now id like to bring you a different kind of story in its own way. Its just that dramatic as anything a writer could dream up that has to do with a new power source. Its power source will be out of more than 70 years ago. The deadly power of the atomic bomb was reprinted as the peaceful atom Nuclear Energy was modern. We were at the forefront of technology, glamorous. They were like inside a secret inside this magical world and irresistible to governments to think it was clear to france that it salvation was nuclear, nuclear and business. Everybody in the electric utility business is suddenly decided, wow, we need Nuclear Power too. But from the beginning, the peaceful atom was dont bust, safety concerns to the moon. Basically, they have clear that accidents could have their very serious attention by rising costs. Its economically so complex, so difficult, so tricky. Its kind of pulled under by its own dead weight. And i protests that through time leftists with a school of about 4 new all in favor of greenpeace, to be gone. This week. And today, Nuclear Power is fighting to survive is keep trying. There is no nuclear renaissance, thats a factory town fabric. I think outcome that id love to hate it and simple to ignore. The ads have has changed our world. This is it still in the aftermath of world war 2, everyone was talking about that there was some terrifying capabilities, but what really changed the climate was the speech given by president eisenhower in december 1953, at the united nations, which he called atoms for peace. How many bombs today are more than 25 times . As with the atomic age it began with a lot of gloom and doom. And then he circles around in ends with this beautiful happy tale of how Atomic Energy is going to bring blessings and health and prosperity to the world. This greatest of Destructive Forces can be developed into a great movie for the benefit of all mankind. The president s speech was immediately transmitted to 74 overseas post by the us. I, a presser, that they bore. The comment is good to start to misinterpret americas proposals. Atoms for peace, quickly became internationalized the propaganda around atoms for peace included traveling exhibit where people could go and see little nucular artifacts and these exhibits would attract throngs of people around the world. The exhibit in west berlin was visited by a quarter of a 1000000. People including thousands from the soviet go in the Prime Minister mayor who came to view of the exhibit and shared the experience with thousands of his countrymen, of all the countries that were targeted for atoms for peace propaganda. None was more important to the American Government than japan. On the 1st day of november, 1055, the United States at the peace exhibition, open them to be apocryphal, feel the United States and exhibits to japan. And it promoted the work of japanese scientists in Atomic Energy to work atoms for peace helped sort of send this message that hey, were the good guys. Its sort of helping whitewash the bad odor created by hiroshima and nagasaki. The general public was being encouraged to look on the bright side, so to speak, by demonstrating that there was this enthusiasm, burgeoning all over the world was a propaganda or was it policy . The answer is it was both. It was at the same time, an effort to influence Public Perceptions to change the way people talked about nucular energy. And the other hand, it was a serious genuine initiative to spread what they saw as the benefits of atomic power throughout the world. The potential of civil Nuclear Power suddenly was seen as a global beacon of progress. Every country involved wanted to take part in the development of this, this new gleaming future of Atomic Energy kind of, i mean, a clear power. It was one of the technologies that distinguished you as a high tech country, rather than an average ones. Im jewish. If you were a young, scientist or engineer graduating college in the 1950 s. In the United States of america, you are in a pretty sweet place. The scientists had stepped forward as the new wizards, warlocks, the magicians who were going to bring all these wonderful things to the future. They were like, inside this magical world. You know that the scientists that did study this were really fascinating people and they were part of this very, very elite group of special people. The british set up the 1st Civil Nuclear plant at calder hall in the u. K. Appropriate live for such a very important event. The queen came to perform the ceremony of a big switch on a definite lead in the 2nd industrial revolution. And being taken by the British Government was triumphant as being the 1st nation to launch a Nuclear Power program. Britain saw it self as the pioneer of Nuclear Power. We were the 1st with a Nuclear Power station. And that technology let the world but others werent far behind. France will begin producing Nuclear Energy and take its place as one of the great atomic nations alongside the United States, the us s. R. And let it go to tell you when to go came to power after world war 2. His main concern was to restore francis former glory as a world power. You dont know if you have a 945 to go in, signed an official order to create the Atomic Energy commission of the meek. But francis react is one not only for producing electricity. The 1st Nuclear Power site in france was presented as a prototype for electricity generation. And that was what all the fanfare was about. What you did when you now the public can see what has made france a player of the industrial utilization of the atom. In reality and from the very beginning, the muscular reactors were designed to optimize the production of weapons grade plutonium . Well, the whole wasnt a power reactor, its purpose was to produce weapons, grade plutonium material. The electricity was a useful byproduct. And in fact that, that was not connected to reactor atoll, were not the only ones being opposed to the summit message private companies were getting in to General Electric was really instrumental in them. So they did a lot of work laying out a comic book very ham film. And it was all done with white collars, with exciting little characters. Lets start by meeting a leading authority on the subject. Dr. The public mood was galvanized by the new atomic power stations springing up the reactors actually became Tourist Attractions in and of themselves. At my school, there was a Lookout Point where tourists could go and view models of the reactor and see the whole site. But if you felt the thrill quite so much as those on the inside, i felt proud to wear the pride when i look back, i think, yeah, obviously that we felt we were the forefront of technology. It wasnt the only drug or the country as a whole, was raising their head out concerned. We can make it 50 years gone by since then. Even had a lot of hay, and one of my jobs was to test materials for state facts and the crime inside the reactor, main structure inside the docks and everything and test all of the welds looking rather like a super version of a plastic macintoshes. And you, if you were to design for workers at britains atomic clock, once youre inside an addict, i mean 1st of all it remains is to pump in compressed air. So that the where i can breathe easily, be dressed up like a mitchell in man with special clothing with an im the legal code supplying a matter of my body. So thing and breathing and also throat microphones and then climb through every part of the reactor in the boilers. We want to because people from coal plants used to come to us and say, oh i see me clearly. You mean, isnt it wonderful . This claim environment you live in, i could take you to an old cult thought power station. Were doing exactly what you know, used to come out black across the atlantic, american utility companies, which he could to invest in Atomic Energy. It seemed like there was no risk and building a Nuclear Power plant because the price was low and they invent those westinghouse and General Electric guaranteed that prize. And then comes the gold rush, where everybody in the electric utility business is suddenly deciding, wow, we need Nuclear Power to not everyone said that enthusiasm to vote. Bush sr. There was a plan to build a reactor to take it back. A california protests 1st started from local people who were just concerned about the view, but then people would begin to do a certain amount of homework. And they began to get concerned by radioactivity released from the plant in normal operation. There was also more particularly the possibility of an accident involving a Nuclear Plant, which might release a lot more radioactivity the public didnt. In fact, really know that there all had already been a number of significant industrial accidents in Nuclear Installations in canada, in switzerland, in the u. S. And in the u. K. , there was a very big fat. It wouldnt go. Ive never told, i discovered when i went to japan, i was talking to the japanese minister said he said to me, how do you, how you getting on with dating with the council of the 5 and i should try fishel what 5. We didnt want to bother you, mr. But he could, they actually persuaded the local Electricity Company to abandon the plant. And this was the 1st time that a Nuclear Proposal of this kind had actually failed because of opposition by the public. And it was going to be the 1st of many, i remember when i 1st went to the states as a minister. I was told that they had a policy of 2002002000 Nuclear Power station by the 2000, but the local opposition says strong, that they couldnt build them. And there were some Nuclear Scientists and engineers who helped this opposition. We had to marvelous journo, lector engineers who quit and became whistleblowers. I testified on the nics Quality Assurance program that the Quality Assurance on a toaster was greater than that for the instruments or control the Nuclear Power plant. On the other hand, there was inadvertent support. The very pronuclear director of the oak ridge, national lab weinberg. Oh, hes harbored concerns. He thought that there should be one Nuclear Plant here and one Nuclear Plant there. That it would be better if we had 6 in one nuclear reservation, so that you could use what he called the small number of very competent scientists and engineers to manage it. Just as the opposition was growing stronger global if they suddenly made Nuclear Power. Look a lot more appealing in 1973, the big middle east producers cut off Oil Shipments to major consuming countries. Bargo was lifted, the price of foreign oil had jumped from 3. 00 to 12. 00 a barrel or times higher than before. This nation 1080 can have all the energy we need. Now, dont write an editorial on this, youre really going to collect it from your readers because it scares, you know, i think they think of the possibility that one is going to blow up. My house in san clemente just 12 miles from the Southern California edison Nuclear Power plant. It say it produces good. And the United States 1st is downright nixon, proposed a huge expansion of Nuclear Power in the name of good in america, out from under the boot of opec. But even with nixon, suppose there was one pressing problem. The cost of every reactor and the Nuclear Power plant surrounding it. Those costs were doubling every 2 years doubled and then it doubled again. Let me see because when the price of oil quadrupled, it was quite a shock. Look at their cost 68 percent of an atrocity came from all the good that you behold. We had, i think the money crisis began. It became clear to france that it salvation was nuclear. It didnt need why Nuclear Power tricity the only area when you could easily replace almost an actress, cities because in 1973 we already have the 1st generation of nuclear reactors. I dont need spurred on by the oil crisis, the french government moved quickly to build more Nuclear Power plants. It didnt have to worry about public opinion. You could do good you when it comes to decisions. And its just a small group of people making them from the media, from the Atomic Energy commission, basically top administrators of the state representing the people, think that for all of it, all rants, if you have the authorization to build a Nuclear Plant, that was it in the us things were, a little more complicated. This is the new c. E. O. , as it was very fragmented. There were at around 2800 different electricity, a company, if you dont, they kept changing the designs in a, in a competitive frenzy to try and get ahead of the other guy. And that meant that the construction times for Nuclear Plants just blew. And i way to do business feel the business frances and vicious Nuclear Program was becoming the largest in the world. The United States could only look on and one point on clearing the time that france, or else 58 reactors, the americans cancelled 200. I was the difference if you felt. Meanwhile, frances next door neighbor head up, the Nuclear Issues to contend with. In the 1970, south west germany saw the growth of, of one of the largest movements, again, snooty, i mean, she, western europe, possibly the well, you know, the sort of all of us this month, people were concerned because they started hearing that in the areas around reactors, there were unexplained illnesses or environmental changes concordes for now almost indoors. And you have to remember that germany had a past marked by war and it was hard as a cold war on which Nuclear Weapons plays an important role. And if so, there was a lot of insecurity, and this was intensified by Atomic Energy i devoted just to i told when i get back the real point of origin protests and a very small south German Village shift video when you power station was supposed to be built with the green local Citizens Initiatives tried to stop it or in the end it was the only option they had was to occupy the Building Sites where the ball plots they marked the site that brought in tens of thousands of people. Too many, really for the police, they handle and set up a camp with a lot of guitar singing in public classes and free love and all that sort of thing that he didnt even youve got wine makers from the kaiser stool student as journalists and experts, all talking to one another. Expedia, this counter expertise is the foundation of the german antinuclear movement. And it started here. The deals peaceful teachings gave way to much ugly scenes. Wherever there were plans to build a reactor. There were huge protests and they often let it clashes with the Police Important goal for blocked off in 1901150000 people gathered for an illegal demonstration in february, in the freezing, cold, as a scaled down offer to start for the phrase. We see the state reacted completely disproportionately the high use tear gas. They sent hundreds of policemen by helicopter. He went through the crowd beating people who cleaned up, which we were foreign friends. We still want allowed onto the site and cutting demonstrations with a business would offer for bulletins with demands to the protesters on both sides of the atlantic had been sounding the alarm about the prospect of an accident. At a Nuclear Plant, the industry dismissed stefi is until early one morning, in march, 179 came in to work. The commissioner went running by me. John, i heard your courage, it sure gives. Theres a discovery that, you know, weve got a pro sport pennsylvania accident at a Nuclear Power plant. A spokesman said that a feed water broke down this morning, automatically shutting down a 3 mile Nuclear Power plant. People think that emergency reserves really were only going up or a room, you know, in fact everything going to slow down because you tremendous uncertainty about the facts. The information was contradictory, meters are really very high radiation experts who say these meters must be wrong. Overwhelming feeling uses the Forward Movement from the no information forward. It was very much an expected whose feeling is this is much worse than even when could have imagined near syria saxpence, but not one like 3 mile island. And when that happened, i think the whole, the whole framework fell apart. It could no longer in the