join us as we play detective on tomorrow today the science show on d w. images like these have become the new normal people queuing to get tested for covert 19. the tests are meant to get the banned demick under control and better understand the spread of the disease. there are 3 space to keep roach it's the antibody test detects a past infection and requires a blood sample. to lead is tested for antibodies that would have been produced by the immune system during the illness. the other 2 tests are meant to detect a current infection of cells kovi to. the antigen test requires a swab from the back of your nose or throat and detects proteins from the surface of the virus. the results are quick but not as accurate as a p.c.r. test here you also need saliva or inasal swab. these tests are engineered to identify genetic material called are in a. p.c.r. test is the most reliable. but it takes up more time and resources and so it cannot be easily used for mass testing. but pool testing for the virus could change that mathematicians in rwanda have now developed an algorithm to do just that. in the fight against the pandemic we wonder as coronavirus task force relies on comprehensive contact tracing. to get an up to date picture of how much the corona virus has spread rwanda regularly tests a cross-section of the population using an ingenious strategy called pool testing. the brains behind this strategy is professor wilfred to define who is director of research at the african institute for mathematical science or a i.m.s. global network. if you go to the community and just people it doesn't tell you how many people are actually infected because you're going to everybody so you always some people and so to go from the sample to the truth to reality you know in my mind to go more those. are the calculations involve complex algorithms and define has translated them for us into an example from everyday life. the idea borders thing is really simple so imagine that you have 9 cups of beans and your 2 are not one of those was bobbins. early in order to church which grew up as the barbarians he was libyans and dearest sumo find out the abuse that is bitter those who are not only takes a long time to go to work who owns or use a lot of gas if you're doing my own cooking mon ports of. the mathematician resorts to a simple yet effective trick he combines bin samples from different parts of all the beings in this sample pool are good you no longer has to test each part individual he only has to perform additional tests if there are bitter beans in the sample. the principle can be applied anywhere you can create groups for testing that's why it can also be used to combat code 19. in rwanda sets a 10 and 20 samples are combined and tested simultaneously. if the pool test result is negative all the subjects in the pooled sample are declared as not having coded 19. if the pooled result is positive then each sample is retested individual. the advantages of their pulling out portions just to reduce the cost spent to the for the adults to do the turnaround time for about $4.00 results and also to test the massively in the community also the group which are just. which are that course and for the community so those are the men advantages for these. but if the virus has spread dramatically pulled samples test positive too often and retesting becomes costly and time consuming so far however africa has low numbers of cases compared to western countries and the method is proving useful there this is really hurtful for the african countries but not on the african countries even for the roping countries since we developed this in the published. pulling up roach in the niger paper and so we have been approached by similar countries. ghana and kenya are now applying the strategy to group testing enquiries have also come from the us and the university of edinburgh in scotland is using the method to test its students the method actually originated in 1943 american economist and researcher robert dorfman was the 1st to develop tools tests to screen us army soldiers more efficiently for syphilis since then the strategy has been further developed and is also used to test for other sexually transmitted diseases malaria and blood banking there is a lot of interest in this approach i think it's it's a no brainer that we need to be. optimizing the use of resources. to develop the method the cameroonian collaborated with his rwandan colleague tessa and a i.m.s. founder neal to rock it's a pan african response to the continent's challenges. it's really extraordinary that you can write on the board so many questions and no tell you how. this is spread in a population how what happens when you try a ball. out what happens to cost how computers work so all of these are my markets on the. resort of people just investigating doing analysis trying to understand better how things are now and then work. the ai unless network places great value on training young scientists across the continent they are confident that the next albert einstein will come from africa training young people to how to obvious knowledge and this ability to use smarts to solve problems is wonderful and i'm very proud to be associated with this vision to be helping to drive it forward. berkovic bangor me for example i was given proof that this is vital thing to do. or. did you know that p.c.r. technology which detects. virus is the basis for many other tests. it's used to amplify specific d.n.a. regions such can be analyzed. d.c. also produce a breakthrough in forensic technology many possible to regency information from the smallest human traces this genetic fingerprint can be invaluable information at the scene of a crime. on t.v. shows solving crimes always look so easy clues. however tiny are soon analyzed and lead directly to the perpetrator. in real life things often look quite different. this is the state police forensic science institute in kiel normally crime scene technicians go to a crime scene this time it's come to them then i would guess the photographer could come in with us to take a few pictures of the crime scene that will make it easier for us afterwards to. the 1st step is to look for fingerprints cupboards have been ripped open the interior is a mess it looks like someone has ransacked the mobile home. under the table there's a knife with a bloody blade. everything has to be documented and photographed where it's found later it will be studied in a lab. a crime weapon but no victim whose blood is it. what investigators do what a crime scene is gather evidence as much as possible. even things that look irrelevant can prove to be extremely important. person in by what we found a small piece of paper on the floor between the front and say his eye candy wrapper have we secured it because it doesn't look like it belongs here it looks more like it might have fallen out of a pocket and under the table we found an article appears to have traces of blood so the knife is of interest not only for fingerprinting but also for day in a analysis and possibly for any fibers sticking to it as well you would have floated awfully fast. there's a fingerprint on the candy wrapper but it's faint and incomplete this clue would once have been impossible to analyze today however it can be enhanced by a process called sputtering. the wrapper is exposed to vaporized silver in a spot or in kotor. the silver condenses on the wrapper highlighting the fingerprint the technique was developed here at this institute just a few years ago. a photograph of the fingerprint is then digitally enhanced it's now so detailed even sweat pause can be seen as tiny white dots on the lines of the print yes i think there is indeed a fingerprint here right above the lettering that means the spattering has performed a small miracle by carting the wrapper and so over the fingerprint is raised against the background and we can see it more clearly. so. i think we should apply the tape to the back of the state that. meanwhile fiber specialists have taken over the crime scene. first and foremost we have to secure the evidence wherever there might be any fire that's of course we try to imagine where the pepper trader was and have a crime was carried out that's our main focus but in principle we have to secure everything because we can never really imagine exactly what happened. and we just have to figure out. even the slightest contact with upholstery is another to transfer fibers garments shared fibers all the time the nearby improve on have if the 2 of us were wearing pullovers and i hugged her or we rubbed against each other on the bus my fibers would get on her and hers would get on me and. everybody carries a distinct a mix of fibers around with them mostly fluff from their own clothes. fibers from a crime scene can't be made to the perpetrator by themselves crime scene technicians also need to compare them with the clothes of a suspect. then they can tell whether or not it's fibers match ones from the crime scene. this involves picking out relevant fibers among files. sins of others. the answer to the 1st thing i do is look at all the colors through the microscope magnified say 250 times i look at both the colors and the shapes of the individual fibers to say if it's them or not i'm i'm like a bloodhound on the lookout for single 5. in this case i'm only looking closely at the red ones i mentally block out the other is otherwise i go crazy doesn't really france and. once the visible clues have been identified and analyzed it's the turn of the invisible ones. the expert in invisible clues needs breathing equipment and total darkness. the chemical he sprays likes up for a few seconds wherever it's in contact with traces of blood or handprint appears next to the door and smears of blood along the side of the vehicle. is going to go through it all the evidence here is compatible with a person exiting the mobile home and moving perhaps injured unsteady on his or her feet and finding support along the side of the vehicle. as it's perfect out. victorians out things are not what they appear the police officer had left the wrapper in the mobile home and the fingerprint was hers. the fibers were indeed from that red pullover but it belongs to a colleague in the lab. and the blood on the knife came from the butchers around the corner so there was no crime it was a dummy run as a training exercise an internal police matter still the perpetrators are making a getaway taking the scene of the crime with them. for almost 200 years now photographs have captured fleecy moments originally in black and white. soon it became possible to duplicate photos using a negative to make more prints each point of light became a dot in the image a lot of data to capture a moment. photos fade with time but what about our digital photos oh boy i call in from ghana had a question about. how long can data be stored. humans have recorded their languages and their knowledge in the form of drawings and symbols since prehistoric times. on the data carriers from back then play tablets or stones much of the information survived for thousands of years. as a result these ancient data carriers can be read and decoded today. modern storage devices can carry a lot more data even though they're a lot smaller. but the lifespan of most c.d.'s and d.v.d.'s is estimated at less than 100 years. days or that stored on the kind of huge servers operated by large companies should theoretically last forever as long as the days is repeatedly copied and as long as defective hard drives are replaced. in order to keep the ever increasing amounts of data under control researchers are developing smaller and smaller storage devices in the future synthetic d.n.a. could replace conventional data carriers. these artificially generated genetic strands would have more than a 1000000 times the capacity of modern hard drives. on the reconstruction of neanderthal d.n.a. as shown the d.n.a. molecules are still legible after thousands of years. another method of storing data in courts is 5 d. technology uses nano lasers to write information into 5 dimensional fused courts of mind boggling speed. these glass just the size of coins can store up to 360 terabytes. and they last a very long time to turn 18800000000 years. whether or not there's someone in 13800000000 years who can read the data is another question. $0.59 a binds a $59.00 with 210. that is a lot of data and it's the amount estimated to have been created captured and consumed by the end of 2020. in the next 4 years the amount is forecast to almost triple. in order to preserve the information it has to be constantly copied and uploaded onto new data carriers plus anyone can get in on the act producing more and more data. for example it's estimated that in 2020 over a trillion digital photos were taken from. data that is meant to capture memory. we asked our viewers. what data would you save forever and how. cool rides your wedding day the moment of birth and anything to do with love so how romantic. sense here is a little more pragmatic we should preserve our knowledge of metal working as well as plants and seeds on a floppy disk in order to ensure food security in the future. mohammed recommends internal rather than external storage writing i want to store everything in my brain we tend to lose the ability to remember things as we age hopefully in the near future we'll be able to upload data to our brain finally randy rides his most interested in saving images thousands of family photos and videos from birth to wedding to grandchildren in his case 50 years or 28 terabytes in total thanks for getting in touch. with. a snapshot can only capture so much of a person but these days it's possible to bring old 1st graphs back to life all of a sudden subjects can move their hands or blink. uncanny even if it doesn't look quite natural. let in new scientist marie curie is among those who have been given this kind of treatment in her case there's no doubt that this video isn't authentic with people who are still alive telling real from fake can be more challenging. these days all it takes is one photograph to create a fake video in no time at all that's pretty impressive. with the help of artificial intelligence research is can now bring any photo to life in under 3 minutes manipulating the image remotely. these examples took just a few minutes to put together and they show what this technology is already capable of. to raj ebrahimi is team of specialists chiefly working on ways to automatically identify deep fakes like these these detectors will be crucial in the future. also the fake detectors are not going to be perfect but they will be able to detect the majority of the deep fake content that is going to be distributed and in many cases this is good and what is important that the solutions have to be done in such a way that they can reinvent themselves and evolve as the technology for the fakes evolve. fakes are also an issue in business it's becoming increasingly important to track down fake images in cases of insurance fraud for example. image analysts are researching ways to spot the markers of a phony image. intelligent image recognition software is fed countless fake images and videos and learns how to recognize anomalies. assoon as clear markers are detected a red box indicates that something has been manipulated. if you look at depicting. 6 months ago and lot of the video was very very easy to detect they were distorted you could immediately see there's something wrong with them if you look at them today they are i've diverge of becoming very believable is becoming more and more difficult to detect whether a video is fake or not. it's a matter of 3 to 9 months before 99 percent of people when they watch fake video they wouldn't know that it is fake a bleak prospect or fact checkers fortunately fact checking company many comic doesn't yet encounter deep fakes every day but without new detection tools thanks but andre volt is pessimistic. i'm often on food it's my hope for the future is that as more deep fake technology emerges the people tracking the fakes will have better tools to recognize the fixes eg. because so much misinformation is spread so fast on social media users will have to raise their game using the fact checkers golden rules. i'm functioning firstly does oneself and i have to know myself and the media i consume that's very important but if you fall for something from a media source that you trust deeply then it becomes difficult next just to see who's writing where something comes from so you need to master search engines clearly i need to know how search engines work and be able to do comparative searches on top of that of course is the search for images a so-called reverse image search finally speed up the rate of information consumption and if something sounds overdramatic then maybe it's better to ask people who know about us or to bypass when does it start at our skin but that alone is not enough more education is also needed. now to be a dozen of course we want something to happen in the schools now comes the big budget are always shouting that schools need to do something yet we're saying that there's so much fake news on for. this is a problem young people are not on facebook. it's the $35.00 to $55.00 generation and now we've identified the core of the problems we're not doing enough educational outreach to adults facts. ok let's give it a go what do you make of this video it shows lightning striking a train track well it's a fake pay close attention to the trajectory of the flash it should really leave some burn marks in its wake but there's not a trace also the camera operator is way too calm and steady. but there's also a clue in the title of the video here c t i computer generated images clearly faked. some also granted this video will take a woman doing a reading in the middle of the military take over in myanmar. so what do you reckon or is it real fake. among the shadows seem to suggest it's a fake they seem very truncated balance if you look more closely you'll see that there are steps behind her this supposed to be located at the royal lotus roundabout in myanmar comparing the image to that in the video reveals the markings on the ground the streets the flower pots are identical in the video the silver posts must have been installed since the google image was recorded in 2018 or so the location appears plausible and the shadows of the downs and that of the cars match up. the lighting is the same so this video is no fake. the problem is red white and a few. if you have a science question you'd like us to answer. send it in as a video text ovoid snail if we featured on the show you get it didn't surprise from us as a thank you come on you just ask. and for more exciting stories check out our website or find us on twitter. and that's all for now thanks for joining us on tomorrow today. we'll be back next week with more fascinating stories from the world of science and technology until then by. she is kurdish she is young. now mustafa is the mayor of rocca. the former islamic state capital was completely destroyed in the syrian civil war. the engineer wants to rebuild her city democratically and with equal rights hope among the ruins. his teammate's on t.w. . the fight against the coronavirus pandemic. coerced the rate of infection been developing. measures are being taken. what does the latest research say. information and context. the coronavirus of data the coded. monday to friday on t.w. . fake hair and real story. where i come from a lot of women like me have fake hair sometimes the hair style takes up to 2 days it's a lot of time that needs to be filled so people at the salon talk about what's happening in their lives. i became a journalist to be a storyteller and i always want to find those real authentic stories from everyday people who have something to share. with others i'm a fan of the salon i feel good quality here when i see ads and a good story when i hear it my name is elizabeth shaw and i work at student. frank food watch international gateway to the best connection self road and rail. located in the heart of europe you are connected to the whole world. experience outstanding shopping and dining offers and try our services. be our guest at frankfurt airport city managed by from. this is the w. news that live from voters deliver a blow to chancellor angela merkel's conservative party results from the 2 state elections show the c.d.u. is losing support while the greens heads will look at how this might affect germany's upcoming federal election also coming up. a. dozen dog killed in myanmar while defined the army's crackdown on dissent and one of the bloodiest days in the.
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